Reporter: Wu Linjing Editor: Yang Huan
Image source: Photo.com 501422268
From Shenzhen, Shanghai, Suzhou, to Beijing, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Chengdu, many key cities have sounded the clarion call for "returning to manufacturing".
If you want to reload the manufacturing industry into densely populated, land-constrained urban centers, you have to face the problem of supplying industrial space. On the surface, it is difficult to integrate traditional factories and parks with modern urban forms, but the deep-seated key problem is that industrial land in urban areas is extremely tight, and the cost of land continues to increase.
As a result, "borrowing space from the sky" has become one of the solutions to optimize the industrial space - breaking the logic of "horizontal" expansion and allowing the industry to "grow vertically". In recent years, the concept of "industrial upstairs" has gradually become popular, and many cities have taken it as a common choice to explore the spatial optimization of industrial carriers.
"But 'industrial upstairs' is not something that everyone can do, to form an effective supply, don't rush up. This matter is divided into cities, urban districts, industries, and enterprises. Recently, at the 2023 Modern Urban Industrial Development Conference, many experts put forward similar views.
Shenzhen detonates "upstairs fever"
If it is traced back to the "industrial upstairs", Kuang Zhongfu, executive vice president of the Second Industrial Engineering Design and Research Institute of China United Engineering Co., Ltd. and Beijing Design and Research Institute of SINOMACH China United Engineering Co., Ltd., mentioned that "the real attention has been paid to it since 2019, when a large number of policies in the Greater Bay Area have been introduced, and the "industrial upstairs" has begun to enter the standardized and refined development."
At present, the place with the most policies and the highest popularity is Shenzhen.
At the end of 2022, Shenzhen proposed to build no less than 20 million square meters of industrial space every year for five consecutive years, providing the society with high-quality and low-cost industrial space that is "industrial upstairs" - it is estimated that this 100 million square meters of space is equivalent to the land area of about 10 Shekou industrial zones.
At the beginning of this year, Qin Weizhong, deputy secretary of the Shenzhen Municipal Party Committee and mayor, said, "It is necessary to accelerate the promotion of 'industrial upstairs', add 20 million square meters of low-cost, high-quality, and customized factory space, and accelerate the renewal and transformation of old industrial areas." The "first industrial city" has raised the matter of "industrial upstairs" to the strategic height of "the golden business card of Shenzhen's manufacturing industry".
Some participants said that "Shenzhen has detonated the melody of 'industrial upstairs' this year". As a result, we are seeing more cities follow up with policies to encourage "industry to go upstairs".
"In the past few years, many cities have been 'retreating', moving manufacturing to the suburbs, turning some old factories in the city center into commercial circles or cultural landmarks. Wang Hao, director of the Industrial Policy Research Institute and Advanced Manufacturing Center of CCID Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said in his speech, "But I found that with the heat of 'urban industry', the rigid demand for factories in many urban centers is increasing." ”
Urban industry is to find a new driving force for the development of the central urban area, but when there is a contradiction between the volume of the industrial economy and the demand for industrial space, "industrial upstairs" has become one of the solutions given by the city, and strives to explore a world of urban industrial development in the central urban area of "every inch of land and every inch of gold".
trillions of city needs
In the face of the city's enthusiasm to promote "upstairs", Uncle Cheng found that the participants had a general view that not all cities are suitable for "going upstairs".
Yu Minghong, assistant president of Beijing Liandong Investment (Group) Co., Ltd., gave a "trillion" measure, "I think 'industrial upstairs' generally occurs when the city's GDP reaches about one trillion, and the probability of occurring below one trillion is not large." ”
For this standard, some people also agreed, "the city's GDP is more than one trillion yuan, and it is time to start thinking about promoting 'industry upstairs'".
But others are more cautious and consider more factors than the size of the economy. They said that "industrial upstairs" is the product of urban development to a specific stage, for some small administrative areas, scarce land resources, the overall development of highly mature cities, "industrial upstairs" is more to meet the development of high-end manufacturing workaround. However, if the city does not have these basic conditions, blind "copy and paste" will cause a waste of social resources.
Image source: Photo.com 600757748
Whether to promote "industrial upstairs", in the view of Liang Huanyu, executive president of Beijing Liandong Investment (Group) Co., Ltd., it is not only necessary to distinguish the city, but also to subdivide the urban area, "not all cities, not all locations can do, the central urban area can do, and there is no drama outside." ”
Liang Huanyu explained that there is demand for technology companies staying in the central city, and there is a contradiction in land supply, but the suburbs usually do not have such urgency.
Moreover, the reason why the central urban area needs to optimize and update the existing industrial space in the way of "industrial upstairs" is because "although there are many office buildings in the central city, they cannot meet the requirements of urban industry".
Huang Liping, Executive Director and President of CEC Optics Valley United Holdings Co., Ltd., said, "We have seen that some of the office buildings built in the urban CBD are not designed and built for technology enterprises and scientific and technological talents. ”
High technology, high added value
From an industrial point of view, "industrial upstairs" also has its limitations.
Obviously, "industrial upstairs" is not to set up traditional factories, nor is it simply to let industries climb to high-rise buildings.
The reason is very simple: How can some machinery and equipment for continuous production stand up? Some industrial production requires the use of large machinery and equipment or heavy lifting and transportation equipment, or the volume and weight of the products produced are very large, so it is unrealistic to "go upstairs." In addition, the noise, pollution, and radiation generated by the production of the enterprise are also factors that must be considered whether it can "go upstairs".
So, what kind of industries are suitable for "going upstairs"? Many participants cited Shenzhen's policy as an example.
In November last year, Shenzhen kicked off the prelude to the "industrial upstairs" action, with the goal of providing space guarantee for the development of "20+8" industrial clusters and providing high-quality and low-cost industrial space for high-tech manufacturing.
From the perspective of Shenzhen's 20 strategic emerging industries and 8 future industries, "typical manufacturing industries with high-tech attributes and high-value-added manufacturing links, as well as investment attributes", Liang Huanyu analyzed.
Xinqiaodong Advanced Manufacturing Industrial Park in Bao'an District is the largest "industrial upstairs" pilot park in Shenzhen Image source: Shenzhen release
Judging from the actual development at this stage, the "industrial upstairs" is mainly based on electronic information, intelligent equipment, medical equipment, new materials and other industries, and has the characteristics of "light industry, innovation and service".
Not only are the "upstairs" industries screened, but also the enterprises have requirements.
Liang Huanyu mentioned that this kind of enterprise is not a traditional large-scale manufacturing enterprise, but a technology-based emerging small and medium-sized enterprise. According to the detailed rules for "industrial upstairs" issued by some cities, these enterprises are usually "output value of 2-1 billion yuan" and "more than 5 years of operation", and have the characteristics of "mastering core technology, leading talents in the industry, leading in the subdivision track, strong R&D capabilities, and high growth".
Judging from the current idea of promoting "industrial upstairs" in the local government, its purpose is also to achieve the accurate matching of the supply of high-quality industrial space in the city center and the demand of high-quality growth enterprises.
City centers often have the best supporting facilities, which are extremely attractive to talents, especially high-end talents. Choosing to go to the center of the city to "go upstairs", "coveting" the surrounding talents, paying a higher cost than the suburbs, must be high value-added, high-tech, but also technology-intensive, capital-intensive enterprises.
Starting from the needs of the industry
Since it is a carrier space renewal that serves the return of urban industry, "industrial upstairs" is not simply stacked.
The answer of the participants was almost unanimous: to start from the actual needs of urban industrial enterprises and industries.
Kuang Zhongfu gave a set of "planning, investment, construction and operation" process, including five steps, starting with industrial planning, then industrial introduction, industrial investment, and finally the construction and operation of the park.
At the beginning of the planning of the building, it is necessary to introduce "industrial thinking", before building an industrial park and building, it is necessary to think clearly about what industry to install, and how many enterprises in the local and foreign areas can be directly imported in.
Instead of building a building, go to attract investment. Some building researchers said, "The new space carrier is to serve the industry bigger and stronger." Instead of building a building and then trying to fill it up, you have to attract investment. ”
When the preliminary industrial research and industrial planning are completed, and the building design link is completed, it can be more targeted. For example, how wide the road and how much turning radius does the container truck need? How does the production equipment of the enterprise enter the elevator, floor, and workshop? Does it need to be hoisted? How to match the water and electricity network and floor height? What supporting services should be added? What is the floor area ratio?
This is not a traditional office building. In terms of appearance, it is necessary to form a friendly interface with the city and integrate into the city center in terms of form. In terms of function, it is necessary to meet the process requirements of production and research and development, and meet the attributes of safety and environmental protection.
"At present, there are more architectural design institutions, and there are fewer specialized industrial designs. Kuang Zhongfu said that if the "industrial upstairs" project can not be personalized industrial planning and plant design, it will lead to the adaptability of the industry and the carrier after the completion of the project. According to his observations, some early "industrial upstairs" projects "are the beginning of renovation at the beginning of construction".
Image source: Photo.com 500358319
To establish an "industrial mindset", it is necessary to consider the trend of industrial integration. The difference between the concept of "urban industry" and "urban industry" at the meeting was that some participants believed that the industries developing in the city were becoming more and more integrated and the boundaries of industries were becoming more and more blurred. For example, when the producer service industry is emerging, it is difficult to simply divide it into secondary or tertiary industries. Therefore, for these new industrial buildings, higher requirements for composite and integrated types are naturally put forward.
When promoting "industrial upstairs", the context of the proposal is to solve the problem of industrial hollowing and insufficient industrial land in the central urban area, to adjust and develop urban industry, to promote new industrialization, to build new quality productivity, and even to develop urban industry and form a modern industrial system. From these words, it can be seen that when emphasizing the return of manufacturing, the importance of absorbing the power of scientific and technological innovation is emphasized.
Cultivating an innovation ecology and boosting industrial upgrading is the core topic of urban industrial development, and it is also the fundamental principle of space carriers. As a new industrial space in the center of the city, "industrial upstairs" is groping forward.
National Business Daily