In Beijing, which has a history of 800 years as the capital of the emperors, most of the highest level examinations and palace examinations are held here. In the past 800 years, Beijing has produced about 250 champions and nearly 50,000 jinshi.
Located in Gaobeidian, the Beijing Keju Plaque Museum has a collection of more than 500 wooden and stone old plaques, including plaques inscribed with Ming and Qing Dynasty titles, list eyes and tanhua inscriptions.
The plaque is also known as the plaque of merit. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, those who had the qualification to lift people were admitted to the national examination and passed the examination, and were called jinshi. After winning the examination, you can participate in the palace examination presided over by the emperor.
The temple test is only fixed in rank, and is divided into three grades called the third class. The first three people, in turn, are the champions, the top eyes, and the tanhua, which are called "Jinshi and the first"; the second-class and several people are called "Jinshi births"; and the third-class several people are called "Tongjinshi Origins".
Zhuangyuan, Bangyan, Tanhua are the best among the jinshi, and the yuan is the most glorious. After obtaining the title, only three people can give you the inscription: one is the emperor; the second is the old champion; and the third is the champion himself.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="12" > the oldest plaque in the collection</h1>
This plaque is inscribed in the 16th year of Yongle (1418 AD) of the Ming Dynasty, and the title of Zhuangyuan Zeng (qǐ) was inscribed in Jiangxi Tongxiang and Zhuangyuan Xiao Shizhong, more than 600 years ago. "Zhuangyuan and Di" is a stone plaque with reliefs on both sides and upper and lower edges of Wenwu Zhuangyuan and Cultivating Reading. The person who wrote the plaque was 32 years old, and the person who received the plaque, Xiao Shizhong, was 26 years old.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="70" > the plaque inscribed by Liu Tongsheng, a member of the Ming Dynasty Chongzhen Decade</h1>
Liu Tongsheng (1587-1645), a native of Jishui, Jiangxi, was a scholar of the Hanlin Academy. His father Tanhua was born in tanhua, and the great playwright Tang Xianzu was a jinshi in the same year, the two had served as officials in the same dynasty, and they were like-minded, and over time they formed a family of children, and Tang Xianzu gave his younger daughter Zhan Xiuxu to Liu Tongsheng, the son of Tanhua.
Liu Tongsheng's era was at the time when the Ming Dynasty was about to fall, and he was not only outstanding in literature and talent, but also skilled in martial arts, and quite bloody, and together with Yang Tingfeng, a Qingjiang man, he raised an army in Ganzhou and raised an anti-Qing banner. Helpless to be born at the wrong time, unable to return to heaven. Liu Tongsheng is the author of poems such as "Collected Poems of Jinlin" and "Biography of Ming Mingchen".
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="73" > the plaque inscribed "Inspiration" by Weng Fanggang, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty Cabinet</h1>
Weng Fanggang (1733-1818) was a Qing Dynasty calligrapher, writer, and epigrapher. Qianlong entered the priesthood in the seventeenth year, and was taught editing. He has successively supervised the study and administration of Guangdong, Jiangxi and Shandong provinces, and has reached the rank of cabinet bachelor. Calligraphy is on a par with contemporaries Liu Yong, Liang Tongshu and Wang Wenzhi.
The font of this plaque is heavy, the ink color is thick, the strokes are plump, and the muscles are strong. The plaque also contains four famous words taught by Confucius to his disciple Yan Yuan: "Do not look at incivility, do not listen to incivility, do not speak indecently, and do not move indecently", showing that Weng Fanggang has sufficient qualifications to educate future generations.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="76" > Li Dianyuan li "Purpose election filial piety and honesty" plaque</h1>
"Filial Piety and Honesty Fangzheng" was one of the special "system sections" of the Qing Dynasty, and in the first year of Yongzheng, the selection and selection of talents recommended by the Han Dynasty "Filial Piety" and "Virtuous And Liang Fangzheng" were merged into one section, and it was ordered that each prefecture and county in each province should hold up "Filial Piety and Honesty Fangzheng" and give six kinds of clothing for backup, and then recommend it once every time the emperor succeeds to the throne.
In the first year of Xuantong,000, the Imperial Examination (Changke) was abolished, and "Filial Piety and Honesty" became the only way to select officials, and this plaque bears witness to this system. Judging from the payment, Li Dianyuan was one of the officials who was ordered to handle the task of electing officials in the first year of Xuan reunification, and received this honor and was remembered by a plaque.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="80" > List Eye Wang Tingzhen and Jin Shi Jin Guang Ti are the plaques inscribed "Youjin Shi" by Gongsheng Wang Lince</h1>
Wang Tingzhen served as the chief master of the upper study, the rebbe Shangshu and the assistant university scholar, and was founded in the dynasty for 30 years, and was known as a "righteous person" for his articles. Jin Guangti served as the Young Secretary of the Guanglu Temple, the Cabinet Attendant, and the Shangshu of the Punishment Department. When he was serving as Shangshu of the Punishment Department, he presided over the major corruption case of Hezhen, and sent 8,000 taels of gold late at night with the intention of exonerating him, but jin Guangti sternly refused.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="83" > the plaque inscribed "抡元" by Li Fu to Gongsheng Liao Guoxun</h1>
Li Fu (fú) was a famous courtier of the Qing Dynasty, and there are many descriptions of the plot of Li Fu's handling of the Yongzheng trial fraud case during the Yongzheng period in the TV series "Yongzheng Dynasty". Lún means "select, select". Yuanyuan refers to the talents discovered by the state through selection, which is a kind of praise for the plaque recipients.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="86" > the plaque inscribed "Plucked" by Enpu</h1>
In the Qing Dynasty, there were five kinds of names for the selection of tribute students, and The tribute was one of them, which was selected every twelve years and was very strict. Kui, is the meaning of the title of the article, the plaque person with the word "pulling the kui" praises the plaque recipient's excellent results. Enpu was a qianlong 55-year soldier, and during the Jiaqing period, he served as a ceremonial attendant, a hubu waiter, and a deputy chief examiner of the examination.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="93" > the plaque inscribed "Three Provinces Raise Punishment" by Peng Qifeng</h1>
Peng Qifeng is the Yongzheng Ding moke zhuangyuan, and two of the four generations of the family have produced two titles, one tanhua, and four jinshi. "Raising Punishment" is the title of the official who administered the local judiciary and criminal names in the Qing Dynasty, and this plaque was made to praise outstanding officials.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="96" > qing dynasty "Rongyan Qionglin" plaque</h1>
As a system for selecting officials in China's feudal society, the imperial examination began in the 4th year of the Sui Dynasty Emperor Daye (607 AD) and continued until the 31st year of Qing Guangxu (1905), which lasted for nearly 1300 years.
After the imperial examination, the passing scholars attended a grand celebration banquet hosted by the imperial court as a sign of grace. Since the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination system has been divided into two disciplines, culture and martial arts, thus forming the famous four banquets of the imperial examination. Among them, the Deer Ming Feast and qionglin Feast are liberal arts banquets, and the Eagle Yang Feast and Huiwu Feast are Wuke Feasts.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="99" > the plaque inscribed "Holy Pilgrimage Ceremony" by Officials such as Inspector Jiangxi</h1>
"Holy Pilgrimage" is a word of praise and a word of expectation. Praise his appearance for his great appearance and dignified shore, and hope that he will abide by the law, serve the country, and become a pillar of talent at an early date. During the Qianlong period, 4 officials, including the Inspector of Jiangxi and the Shangshu Fan Shizhi of the Punishment Department, inscribed an inscription for an Eight Pin official.