About Lü Buwei in the Warring States period, people know more: he was a successful businessman, he saw the potential value of hostages to win the yiren, called it "strange goods to live in", he dedicated the pregnant Zhao Ji to the yiren, and then became the biological father of the "emperor of the ages" Qin Shi Huang, he dedicated the false eunuch Yan Yi to Zhao Ji, which eventually led to the rebellion of Yan Yi.
Lü Buwei's life has become a history of the origins of a traitorous businessman and a history of erotic love in the palace.
The author believes that this is what the Confucians added for the sake of The First Emperor of The Qin Dynasty, and it is difficult to restore the truth of history, which is difficult to go to the qingtian!
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="44" > ancient ideas of heavy agriculture and suppressing commerce</h1>
The root cause of all this cognition is the "History of History" of Ma Qian, the Taishi company, which first promoted the "time of heaven and man, the change of ancient and modern times, and the words of a family", followed by the disguised distortion of the Confucian school that has dominated the mainstream values since the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, coupled with the addition of oil and vinegar by later generations of literati, the true side of the generation of famous Lü Buwei was also distorted.
The most fundamental ideological basis is the idea of heavy agriculture and suppression of business in agricultural China.
First, let us travel back to the warring states period, the era of great change, great turmoil, great breakthrough, and great development.
"Seeking change and seeking survival" became the main theme of the Warring States period, the old hereditary aristocracy declined, and the new "all flesh and blood, there is a dispute" class of scholars rose up, and they fought in the world when there was much trouble.
The State of Qin had Shang Martin, the State of Wei had Li Wu, the State of Chu had Wu Qi, the State of Zhao had King Wuling of Zhao, the State of Korea had Shen Buhao, and so on. Didn't the young Lü Buwei, who was in a turbulent era, have no political ambitions? The author will not make more interpretations here, I believe that readers will have their own cognition.
Lü Buwei met Yingyi, a descendant of the Qin clan, at Handan, the capital of the Zhao state.
The Yingyi people were just the sons of a concubine named Xia Ji of the Prince of Qin, Yingzhu, and they were simply not enough to be "strange goods to live in" as Sima Qian's old man said.
The ancient idea of heavy agriculture and anti-commerce
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="4" > Second, Lü Buwei chose the nobleman he had bet on all his life in the chaotic world</h1>
Lü Buwei, who went south to the north to do business, naturally had his own understanding of the situation of various countries during the Warring States period, and he expected that the Qin state would eventually destroy the Six Kingdoms. If the Winner of the Qin State Sect was supported, it would definitely not be a bad thing for Lü Buwei, and as for how far the Win Yiren could go later, I believe that Lü Buwei would not be able to see it.
Lü Buwei first bribed Gongsun Qian, the doctor of the Zhao State to monitor the Win Yiren, and asked Gongsun Qian to treat the depraved Qin proton Win Yiren kindly.
Lü Buwei then rushed to Xianyang, the capital of the Qin state, in an attempt to persuade Lady Huayang, the wife of an guojun Yingzhu, the prince of the Qin state at that time.
Lady Huayang was also not an ordinary person, she was the niece and granddaughter of Empress Xuan's eighth son, and after Empress Xuan's death, Lady Huayang continued to lead the clique of foreign relatives surnamed Qi, controlling the political situation of the Qin state. Mrs. Huayang, who has been in the political arena for many years, could not impress Madame Huayang at all just because Lü Buwei held the jewels and missed Madame Huayang.
Lü Buwei (stills)
Lady Huayang herself has a weakness, that is, she has no heirs. Lady Huayang thought to herself, if she first adopted the Win Yiren who did not have any background as an heir, and then established himself as the Crown Prince, the WinYiren would definitely become her right-hand man. Therefore, Lady Huayang agreed to Lü Buwei's request and adopted the Yingyi who was far away in the Zhao Kingdom as her heir, and An Guojun Yingzhu gave the Yingyi the name of Zi chu. At this time, after the Battle of Changping, the State of Qin and the State of Zhao once again fought, and the Battle of Handan began.
Zi Chu, who was in danger, fled back to the Qin State with the help of Lü Buwei, and finally ended his proton life. Lü Buwei's greatest contribution to the Qin state was to protect a royal family relative, and the high-ranking official Houlu was not on his turn. Feng Shui took turns, and the balance of history began to fall in Lü Buwei. King Yingji of Qin Zhaoxiang, who had ruled for fifty-six years, passed away, and the crown prince An Guojun Yingzhu succeeded to the throne, and the state of Qin entered the era of King Xiaowen of Qin.
Zi Chu, the original Winner Yiren, was given the title of Crown Prince. The throne of Yingzhu had not yet sat hot, and after three days as the monarch of the country, he followed his father, and Yingzhu became the shortest monarch of the Qin state. The era of Prince Zichu has come, and the era of Lü Buwei has also come.
Zi Chu succeeded to the throne and was known as King Xiaowen of Qin.
Strange goods can be lived
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="46" > third, the dawn before victory, Yingzheng was made crown prince</h1>
In a few days, the two monarchs of the Qin State passed away one after another, which was bound to cause turmoil at the top of the political arena of the Qin State. Zi Chu, who had just succeeded to the throne, wanted to stabilize the turmoil at the top of the political arena, and could only appoint someone he trusted. The royal clan was supported by Lady Huayang, and Cai Ze, the xiangguo of the Qin State, had been squeezed by Zi Chu's father, Yingzhu, for many years, and he certainly could not be entrusted with a heavy responsibility. Lü Buwei, who had had a difficult relationship with Zi Chu, naturally became Zi Chu's best partner.
Most people think: Lü Buwei bet on Zi Chu. The author believes that Zichu selected Lü Buwei and gave Lü Buwei a platform to display his political talents. In 249 BC, the Xiang prince of Qinzhuang, Chu Bai Lü Buwei, was made a Xiang State and enfeoffed the Marquis of Wenxin, with 100,000 households in present-day Luoyang, Henan.
When Zi Chu became the monarch of the Qin state, he could repay Lü Buwei's favor in various ways, and he could not hand over the military power of the Qin state to the merchant Lü Buwei, who was looked down upon by the Qin people.
There is only one thing that goes without saying: Lü Buwei is definitely a talent of great use.
By the way, of Zi Chu's two sons, the eldest son, Yingzheng, was made crown prince, and the second son, Yingcheng, was given the title of Prince of Chang'an.
Lü Buwei began to exert his political ambitions.
YingZheng (film and television drama)
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="48" > Fourth, The Contribution made by Lü Buwei on the Road of the Six Kingdoms of Qin and Annexation</h1>
Since ancient times: those who win the hearts and minds of the people win the world.
Lü Buwei suggested to Chu, the Xiang prince of Qinzhuang, that he should be amnesty for sinners, a meritorious servant of the Xiuxian king, and shi de was thick and fleshless and did not benefit the people. Zi Chu gladly accepted, so he issued an edict to amnesty the world. At this moment, the new king of the Qin state announced a general amnesty for the world, released the prisoners who were not great traitors and evils, rewarded the widows of the previous king according to merit, treated the relatives of the Yin clan kindly, and gave kindness to the people.
The State of Qin, from the royal family and the ministers of culture and military affairs, down to the poor people, was very supportive of the actions of the new monarch, and the strength of the Qin State's close unity with Prince Chu of Qin Zhuangxiang as the core was greatly enhanced, and the political turmoil of the frequent replacement of the Qin monarch was finally stabilized. Lü Buwei also paid a special visit to Cai Ze, the old minister of the Qin State, and the grateful Cai Ze became Lü Buwei's right-hand man. Cai Ze sent an envoy to the State of Yan and established the Qin-Yan Alliance, leaving the State of Qin with one less opponent.
Lü Buwei continued to reuse the military generals Wang Gong and Meng Yuan in the era of King Zhaoxiang of Qin, and continued to let them command the soldiers and horses of the Qin state and fight on the battlefield. In the first year of the reign of King Xiang of Qinzhuang, King Zhou Zhao, the last king of Eastern Zhou, prepared to unite with various princes to destroy the State of Qin. Lü Buwei personally led the Qin army to attack Eastern Zhou, and the Qin army not only occupied the remaining Gongdi in Eastern Zhou (present-day Gongnan, Henan), but also captured the King of Zhou.
Qin army
Lü Buwei said to King Zhao of Zhou, who had already become a prisoner of the Qin army: "Bu Wei did not have the intention of killing the king, but the king first cut down Qin, so Qin was forced to destroy Zhou, and now the king of Qin was quite in awe of the ancestors of Zhou, and could not bear to see Zhou Wu heirs, and now intends to give the Yang people (present-day Linruxi, Henan) to the king, so as to make a place to worship the ancestors, enjoy a thousand households, hope that the king will be safe and keep to himself, and do not do the idea of destroying Qin again..."
In 256 BC, King Zhao of Zhou fell ill and died, and the State of Qin captured Jiuding of Eastern Zhou. The Zhou Dynasty established by King Wu of Zhou has settled down.
Lü Buwei's handling of King Zhou Zhao in this way was passed on to the princes who were opposed to the Qin state: Even if you are defeated, you can still have a small piece of your own land, keep abundant food and clothing, and if the princes work with the Qin state again, they will not play with their lives as before, and they will take the initiative to defect to the Qin state.
Lü Buwei also changed the strategy of awarding knighthood according to military merit in the Shang martingale transformation method, and during the Shang martingale transformation period, the evidence for the soldiers on the battlefield to obtain military merit was to cut off the heads of many enemies, and although the combat effectiveness of the Qin army was greatly enhanced, it was called "the division of tigers and wolves." And the soldiers of the Six Kingdoms are dead, and the surrender is also death, so they resist desperately on the battlefield, preferring to die on the battlefield rather than surrender, and the Qin army must do their best to fight desperately in every battle, even if they win the battle, they will kill a thousand enemies, lose themselves eight hundred, and the vitality of the Qin army will be frequently damaged.
Lü Buwei issued a strict order: Do not hurt prisoners who have surrendered at will. In the subsequent siege of the city, the Desperate Resistance encountered by the Qin army was greatly reduced. Lü Buwei continued the process of the Qin state destroying the Six Kingdoms. Lü Buwei sent the general Meng Xiao to lead an army to attack Korea, and the King of Han sacrificed Chenggao and Gong County, extending the territory of qin rule to Daliang.
The Qin army cut down Zhao and occupied Taiyuan; the Qin army cut down Wei, and got Gaodu and Jixian; and in the third year of King Xiang of Qinzhuang, the Qin army once again cut down Zhao and captured thirty-seven cities and pools such as Yuci, Xincheng, and Wolf Meng.
The territory of the Qin state was constantly expanding, and the territory of the six countries was constantly being encroached upon.
Lü Buwei also used the divisive strategy to divide the relationship between the monarchs and subjects of the Six Kingdoms and the Six Kingdoms, making it impossible for the Six Kingdoms to unite against the Qin State, and it was already a matter of time before Qin destroyed the Six Kingdoms. In 247 BC, Qin Zhuangxiang, who had been the monarch for three years, died of illness, and the 13-year-old crown prince Yingzheng succeeded to the throne, and Lü Buwei was appointed as the regent of the country as "Zhong's father" to assist the Qin king Yingzheng.
Yingzheng ascended the throne
Lü Buwei reached a new political peak. In addition to continuing the war to unify the six countries, he put more energy into the governing philosophy of the Qin state. He believed that it was inappropriate to emphasize agriculture and suppress commerce advocated in the Shang martingale transformation law, and he put forward the policy of attaching equal importance to agriculture, industry, commerce, and culture, and promoted the mercantilism of the ancient agricultural era.
Lü Buwei had publicly set two examples of great merchants who had contributed to the economic development of the Qin state: the widow please and the Wu clan. He also believed that the Qin state, which was about to destroy the Six Kingdoms and unify the world, needed a new concept of political governance. Therefore, Lü Buwei recruited talents and wrote a political philosophy that was compatible with the heads of a hundred families and gave enlightenment and guidance to future rulers.
This is the "Lü's Spring and Autumn" which later historians call "Miscellaneous Families".
Lü Buwei tried to revise the Shangmartin rule of law concept of the Qin State to a certain extent with a broad political philosophy that included hundreds of schools.
To sum up, lü Buwei's wenzhi martial arts of the Qin state are not exaggerated to call it a generation of famous ministers and politicians.
In 238 BC, King Yingzheng of Qin held a crown ceremony at the Yongcheng Punian Palace and began to pro-government.
Lü's Spring and Autumn
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="50" after the glory of the fifth and >, ushered in the end of life</h1>
Later, with the full wings of the yingzheng, Lü Buwei's political career began to decline. There is a serious conflict between the governing concept of winning the government and Lü Buwei's concept of governing the country. Lü Buwei, who had controlled the qin dynasty for thirteen years, became the biggest threat to the Qin king's victory.
In 238 BC, King Yingzheng of Qin, by quelling the rebellion of the Marquis of Changxin, removed Lü Buwei from his position as Xiangbang and sent Lü Buwei to a fief in Henan.
In 235 BC, Lü Buwei committed suicide by drinking, and a generation of celebrities came to an end.