<h1 class="pgc-h-center-line" data-track="66" > Lü Buwei: Surprise goods can be lived, sighs into drinking</h1> ducks
These days are chasing "Great Qin Fu", just watched more than a dozen episodes, I feel that it is a good drama that is rare in history in recent years, not only the scale is grand, the plot is close to historical facts, and the actor's performance is also very in place, it is estimated that this will become one of the TV series that I have rarely watched.
In the first few episodes I just watched, Lü Buwei is the most important, and the actor's acting skills are also very wonderful, whether from the appearance or subtle movements, the person who feels for me is very real, and the mental journey of a person from a businessman to a great Qin Cheng xiang is vividly displayed and vivid.
From the perspective of the real Lü Buwei in history, the status is actually somewhat embarrassing, and the evaluation is also vague, it seems that it is always attributed to a profiteer with a speculative background of a businessman, and after the successful investment, he forgets to do so, manipulates the court, and adds an unclear relationship with Zhao Ji and the matter of entering the concubine, which greatly damages his image, so the evaluation of Lü Xiang in later generations is not high.
The Qin people can unify the world and eventually build a highly centralized empire, which is inseparable from the efforts of using foreign talents, in people's impressions, especially the Weiren Shangmartin, the Wei people Fan Ju and Zhang Yi, the Chu people Li Si as the most, but in my feeling, which plays a decisive role and contributes the most is Shang Martin, and followed by his compatriot, Wei Ren Lü Buwei.
Everyone only knows that Lü Buwei is a businessman who "sells cheap and expensive, and his family is full of thousands of gold", but he is not an ordinary businessman, he is a businessman with roots, he is a surname of Jiang, Lü, the name buwei, the 23rd grandson of Jiang Ziya.
He poured out his financial resources to support the proton of the Qin state to become the queen of Qin Zhuangxiang, was worshipped as Xiangguo, and then welcomed the throne of Yingzheng, worshiped as Xiangbang, honored as "Zhongfu", and the power fell to the world, but was implicated in the rebellion of Yan Yi and was deposed, and the whole family exiled Shu County, drinking and committing suicide on the way.
When plotting to establish the Crown Prince who is pregnant with Ji, the giant merchant Qiao Guan shi;
Ten years of wealth and nobility with light overturning, strange goods to the disaster is even more strange.
This is an epic poem written by Xu Jun of the Song Dynasty with Lü Buwei as the object, although it is only four short sentences, it represents the general view of the world on Lü Buwei, the first sentence throws out the question of whether the bloodline of Qin Shi Huang is orthodox; the second sentence says that he has a unique vision and "strange goods can be lived"; the last two sentences are that he has worked hard for ten years, which is about the meaning of people who are not as good as heavenly calculations, but how to read the whole poem has a bit of schadenfreude meaning.
As the saying goes, there is no adultery and no businessman, Lü Buwei is a businessman, then this treacherous word is installed on him, it is impossible to escape, to engage in politics with such a person, that is absolutely a traitorous person, so the successive generations have evaluated Lü Buwei very badly, and even regarded him as a speculator who drills into power, not a politician, because the background of this businessman is a "traitor".
The most crucial person to evaluate Lü Buwei was Sima Qian, who was listed separately for him in the "Records of History", which shows that Sima Gong attached great importance to Lü Buwei, but like his evaluation of Shang Martin, Sima Gong did not have much good feelings for Lü Xiang, and in later generations, Lü Buwei had a bad reputation, and Sima Gong should be fully responsible.
However, subconsciously, Sima Qian seems to have a lot of respect for Lü Buwei, and we have all read Sima Qian's "Book of Baoren An", one of the famous comparative sentences is an inspirational famous passage, which many people can recite.
"King Gaiwen performed "Zhou Yi"; Zhongni'er wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan exiled and gave "Leaving Sorrow"; Zuo Qiu was blind and had "Chinese"; Sun Tzu's feet were not allowed to be repaired in the "Art of War"; Bu Wei Qian shu, the hereditary "Lü Lan"; Han Fei imprisoned Qin, "Speaking difficulty" and "Lonely Anger"; and "Poems" three hundred pieces, which are mostly the works of the sages who were angry."
Juxtaposing Lü Buwei with King Wen, Qu Yuan, Confucius, and other sages is not a single person at all with the Lü Buwei he described in the Records of History, so it seems that Sima Qian's view of Lü Buwei seems to be split, so why did this scene occur?
Perhaps, in the eyes of Sima Gong, this ugly politician is viewed separately from the great literary scholar, and although he is not ashamed of the speculative businessman Lü Buwei, he admires Lü Buwei, who is jumen and writes "Lü Shi Chunqiu", and uses this to motivate himself to complete the creation of the "History of History".
Confucius's so-called "hearer", its Lü Zihu? This is the last sentence in the "History of Lü Buwei's Biography", and it seems very abrupt to read, because the previous ones are talking about Lü Xiang's pile of dirty deeds, but at the end there is a sentence of "Lü Zi".
What is a "son"? Kong Mengmoxun, Guan Lie Laozhuang, these sages and sages are worthy of the title of "son", and Sima Gong's honorific title to Lü Buwei in the last sentence will definitely not be a clerical error.
It is very difficult to evaluate Lü Buwei, even if it is not a black and white one-size-fits-all, but divided into two, objective and true, it is difficult to say why, because the complexity embodied in him is unimaginably intricate, it can be said that in a person who has made a major contribution to history, its essence is a clever means, a strategic opportunist, how can this contradictory unity succeed in attaching itself to one person.
There is a bridge section in "Great Qin Fu", when Lü Buwei recommended Li Si to go to Yin Zheng's side as a lang, Li Si asked Lü Buwei, "You persuaded me to serve Great Qin in this way, is it for yourself or for Great Qin?" "Lü Buwei replied that everything he did before supporting the previous king to ascend to the throne was for himself; but in the more than ten years since he ascended the throne, everything he did was for Great Qin."
If Lü Buwei really said this in history, I absolutely believe that it is Lü Buwei's heartfelt words, so the evaluation of Lü Buwei does not lie in whether he is divided into two, but to examine according to his performance at different times, what he did and his interests, for the country and the people for his own group, of course, this is quite difficult to grasp.
Putting a prince who could not fight with the eight rods of the throne to the throne, which is a legend in itself, with Zi Chu ascending to the throne in 250 BC, that is, taking Qin Shi Huang's father as the successful king of Qin, it also means that Lü Buwei's early investment and efforts have achieved great success, and what follows is a rolling source of wealth, which is his expectation.
Expectations were at hand, but they had lost meaning to Lü Buwei, even if the wealth of the entire Qin State was gathered in one, what did it mean to him? Therefore, he had to re-plan his strategic goals and re-plan his life, so he wholeheartedly struggled for the unification of the world by Great Qin.
If the prey can be easily obtained, there is no challenge, just like when there is only one seat left on the bus, the person who has just boarded the bus will run quickly and quickly sit firmly; and when he sees that the whole carriage is alone, he will hesitate, he will have a choice, and generally adjust at least twice or more to sit firmly, such a situation I have encountered many times.
Without challenge, the realization of self-worth will be greatly reduced, will be reconsidered and chosen, and even the whole life will be reshuffled, and Lü Buwei is on a bus with all the seats chosen by him, he lost interest in business, he re-planned his life, from businessman to politics, from personal struggle to greater challenges, this is the great cause of realizing the unification of the world in the Qin Kingdom.
In fact, most of the disdain for Lü Buwei in later generations was in the early stages, starting from the occasional acquaintance with a stranger, thinking that it was a "strange commodity to live in", he relied on his own strength to gain the trust of the stranger by sending gold and silver and sending Zhao Ji; and then went to the Qin State to persuade Lady Huayang to recognize the yi as a son, so that the Qin State, a disgraced prince, jumped to become the crown prince of the Great Qin Empire.
Then, he mobilized the master of the matter, let the stranger return to the Qin kingdom, and finally succeeded in making the stranger who no one wanted to see, turn around gorgeously as the King of Qin ZhuangXiang, Lü Buwei's complete victory can be described as unbelievable, and the impossible will become possible, this is really not the ordinary businessman thinking, if the person with such thinking is just a businessman, it is a pity.
In this period of time, the most gossiped about by posterity is, of course, the lineage of Qin Shi Huang, "far away plotting to conceive Ji", which is nothing more than the crystallization of Lü Buwei and Zhao Ji, so Lü Buwei also has the name of the most cattle "thief who steals the country" in history.
This is not argued, one is fruitless, the other is boring, there is a long conclusion in history, only those who are bored with the title party or fear of chaos in the world will repeatedly hype this matter.
It is undeniable that lü Buwei's outstanding talents during this period are not something that ordinary people can do; he threaded needles and threads between Qin and Zhao, laid out dots, strategized, and advanced step by step, and finally achieved his strategic goals in the eyes of people's contempt.
The successful ascension to the throne of King Xiang of Qin zhuang was a watershed in Lü Buwei's life, and after he was honored as a chancellor, he began to exert great political punches, an important part of which was the compilation of the "Spring and Autumn of the Lü Clan".
As we all know, at the time of the Warring States, the style of raising soldiers prevailed, and the "Four Princes of the Warring States" could be described as famous all over the world, and the traditional forces of the Yan Kingdom in the Seven Kingdoms were too strong, and Korea was too weak, and there was no grand situation of "three thousand disciples".
However, people do not mention this Lü Buwei's doorman, and the doorman he raised is not only numerous, but also of high quality, and the taxi he raises is to help him write books, naturally it is mainly a scribe, and the taste and standard are by no means comparable to those chicken and dog thieves of the "four sons".
Lü Buwei did not raise soldiers for himself, but recruited and reserved talents for the country, the most outstanding of which was the later Minister of State Li Si, and the well-known "Young Prime Minister" Ganluo; of course, the infamous Concubine Yi was also Lü Buwei's protégé, Khan.
Among the hundred sons of the pre-Qin Dynasty, Lü Buwei was listed as a miscellaneous family, which means that the book "Lü Shi Chunqiu" is an all-encompassing, eclectic, and eclectic work, in fact, it also represents Lü Buwei's idea of "combining Confucianism and ink, and combining the name law".
To put it complicated, from the perspective of a businessman, what suits him is the best, and in Lü Buwei's concept, there is no box to be confined to stereotypes, because he himself does not have certain rules, and he can use whatever ideas are suitable for what stage to use, so this "miscellaneous family" is almost the same as "take-ism".
According to Lü Buwei's expectations, this was a governing program of the Great Qin Dynasty, at least like sima Guang's Zizhi Tongjian of later generations, and was a guiding teaching material for teaching emperors how to govern the country and form a correct concept, but unfortunately, his book was abandoned with his mistakes and did not have much influence in later generations.
Although many people do not know much about this "Lü's Spring and Autumn" now, many of the contents in the book have long been used in people's words, such as "carving a boat and seeking a sword", "not knowing anything", etc., and even after the book was written, Lü Buwei proudly praised this book and formed a "word of gold", which is a word we use very frequently, but few people know that this is from "Lü's Spring and Autumn".
During his tenure, he made great contributions to the expansion of the Great Qin Empire, he destroyed the lingering Eastern Zhou, and sent troops to seize a large number of cities and pools of Han Zhao and Wei; he had a unique vision, did not rush to gain fame and fortune, slowed down the pace of attack, strengthened infrastructure construction, and built the Zhengguo Canal and other costly water conservancy projects, which not only benefited the world, but also benefited the thousands of autumns.
Moreover, Lü Buwei was a brave man with a pioneering spirit, which was also reflected in the Great Qin Fu, who, without informing everyone, acted arbitrarily, abolishing the form of recording battle merits with his head since shang martingale, and using this to grant knighthoods, and based on the expansion of the national territory, the soldiers' battle merits were issued by the commander's proposal.
"To be worshipped by the people and returned to them, so as to show good and evil, to believe in the people, to seize the enemy's capital." This greatly reduced the senseless killing, increased the number of people in the Qin state, further weakened the Six Kingdoms, and reduced the resistance to reunification, which was a strategic measure for the Qin state at that time.
Lü Buwei's bad luck is to fall on Yan Yi's body, the plot here is some dog blood, in short, it is said that Lü Buwei and Zhao Ji, that is, the current empress dowager already has a leg, after entering Qin, the two also have adulterous affairs, but Lü Xiang is tired of state affairs, unable to satisfy Zhao Ji, so there are complaints.
So Lü Buwei found this doorman named Concubine Yi, pretended to be a eunuch to serve Zhao Ji and admired it greatly, who knew that this Concubine Yi went around pretending to be the "false father" of the Qin Emperor and doing whatever he wanted, and finally the incident rebelled and was killed, and Lü Buwei also resigned.
Among them, the process is tortuous, true and false are difficult to distinguish, but no matter what the situation is, this matter is to give Lü Buwei a lot of points, it can be said that he is the biggest failure in his life, and he also died because of it.
Guan Lü Buwei's life, supporting the weak lord, cultivating internal affairs, expanding the territory, entrusting orphans, and compiling huge works, is said to be a existence that is even more cattle than Zhuge Liang, but the reputation of the two among the people is vastly different.
Zhuge Liang walked the Confucian path, loyal, bowed down, and died; while Lü Buwei took the strange road, hoarding, return on investment, plot dog blood, and manipulation errors, so even if there was a talent of the heavens and the earth, in the end it was just like a meteor, suddenly falling at the end of the sky.
As for the reasons for Lü Buwei's failure, there are many theories, moral, detailed, ideological roots, and instinctive origins, too much and too much, and I think, needless to say so deeply, there is actually only one reason, too confident.
As a first-class intelligent person in the world, this self-confidence allows him to control himself, jump and move, and go with the wind and water, almost as posterity said, "playing Qin shares in the palm of his hand".
Later, it turned out that Zhao Ji, whom he was confident that he could control, became the empress dowager, and he was no longer the little chick who used to dance in the Lü family; the concubine he was confident that he could control became the empress dowager Changxin Hou, nor was he the one who could obey his orders as a doorman; the Yingzheng he was confident that he could control became the King of Qin, and instead of controlling it, he accompanied the king like a companion tiger, becoming a sword of Damocles hanging above his head at any time.
Out of control of Zhao Ji, out of control of Concubine Yi, out of control of YingZheng, in the end, this sword fell, when Lü Buwei received a letter from the King of Qin with a fierce and fierce speech, full of harsh words, he knew that the value of his life was over, and in order to avoid humiliation, he drank and died at the age of 57.
I remember that when I originally wrote Han Xin, the title I used was "Life and Death One Confidant, Two Women of Survival and Death", and for this Lü Buwei, it can be said that when he decided to bet the treasure on the inhuman and must bo the greatest wealth in the world, his fate was actually influenced by Zhao Ji, who he used as a tool, so I think that the title that Lü Buwei should use is "Dice An Hongdou, Success or Failure Liu Lane People"!
Thousands of years of examples tell us that hunting leaders, women are an important breakthrough, the history of Lü Buwei is well versed in the three obscurity of the people; however, women are also a double-edged sword, used well, the combat strength is invincible, used badly, hurt themselves, for Lü Buwei, cheng also Zhao Ji, defeat also Zhao Ji, really five tastes and miscellaneous tastes.
Without Zhao Ji, he would not have befriended strangers; without Zhao Ji, there would have been no later King of Qin; without Zhao Ji, he would not have recommended Concubine Yi into the palace; without Zhao Ji, Yan Yi would not have been so wild; without Zhao Ji, he would not have made Ying Zheng accumulate hatred for himself; without Zhao Ji, there would have been no "Pu Nian Palace Incident"; without Zhao Ji, he would not have drunk to death!
In the minds of the people at that time, merchants and dancers were a layer, they were all inferior, and even the most beautiful dancers were like goods, and they could be given away at will; no matter how shrewd the merchants were, only the amount of wealth, the bones were looked down upon, and they were all untouchables.
At least at the beginning of the year, they were all outlaws from all over the world, all of them were living in the Qin Kingdom, and they had to be careful, like walking on thin ice, but once they became the empress dowager and Xiangguo, the two of them floated up a little in a daze, completely disregarding the feelings in the hearts of YingZheng, who grew older and larger, and whose minds were becoming more and more mature.
In the Qin state, there were disputes between the powerful ministers and the ministers in all dynasties, but there was no monarch who had to be put to death and then act quickly, Zhang Yi, Wei Ran, and Fan Ju were not forced to be killed because of their excessive power, and the tragic death of Shang Martin was difficult to say that it was a contradiction between him and King Huiwen of Qin, but the latter wanted to quell the old grievances of the previously oppressed nobles, and had to do it as a last resort.
Therefore, the Qin State's treatment of the powerful ministers is actually not so bloody, and the excessive power is not a proposition, but why should Lü Buwei, who has the merit of reinvention of Yingzheng, want to kill the killer?
Although under the prestige of the King of Qin, no one dared to openly question the orthodoxy of Yingzheng's bloodline, but for Yingzheng, it lingered like a nightmare, and it can be imagined that once someone slandered him behind his back, this must be an eternal topic.
And Lü Buwei had an affair with the empress dowager, whether it was true or not was also a hot discussion of everyone, and the harem of Concubine Yi further deepened Lü Buwei's disaster, until in the end, this concubine actually kidnapped the empress dowager to launch a rebellion, Lü Buwei absolutely had nothing to do with this, it can be said that this incident that made Ying Zheng lose face was irrefutable.
At this time, Yingzheng already had the intention of killing Lü Buwei, but he remembered the old grace, or put up with it, but only resigned and let him return to his fiefdom in Henan, which should be a very tolerant punishment.
At this time, Lü Buwei may be a little dizzy, perhaps this decade of Xiangguo career has made him no longer know what caution is, at this time, he should have been a man with his tail between his legs, closed doors, such as The later Yuan Shikai, after being expelled from the imperial court, he was at ease fishing at home, waiting for changes, and perhaps waiting for the day when the salted fish turned over.
But Lü Buwei was not, still as brazen as ever, and in the fiefdom, he talked about wine with the envoys of the Six Kingdoms who came to see him, and this was not a deliberate attempt to embarrass Yingzheng?
Pi Fu is innocent, pregnant with his guilt, Lü Buwei is a man of great talent, And Ying Zheng knows in his heart that if the old minister at this time runs to which enemy country, the lethality of this Qin state is enormous, lian po Ben Chu, Le Yi surrenders to Zhao, these precedents are too numerous, loyal and loyal loyal subjects in their own country, can do this betrayal, who can guarantee that Lü Buwei, the background of this businessman, will not leave Qin!
Therefore, Lü Buwei only has a dead end, but unfortunately, a shrewd business wizard, a politician with a very high wrist, a person who has made great contributions to the Qin state, vigorously but can not end well, compiling a huge work to benefit future generations, but even his own birth year no one knows, this is the greatest sorrow of politicians.