"New Tang Dynasty Book, Biography, No. 145" contains: "Baekje, help other species. ”
In the fourth year of Tang Gaozu Li Yuanwude (621 AD), he began to pay tribute to the Tang Dynasty.
Baekje, which has the same origin as Gree, is from the country of Fuyu.
According to the Book of the New Tang Dynasty, the inhabitants of Baekje were inhabited by a mixture of Fuyu, Samhan, and Hao. At the beginning, the capital was Juba City, or Guma City. The surname of King Yu. There are eight major clans in Baekje, namely: the Sha clan, the Yan clan, the Ji clan (音樨, xié), the Xie clan, the Zhen clan, the Guo clan, the Mu clan, and the 苩 clan (音博, bó). The king of Baekje is the Buyeo, but its lower class people are mainly Mahans, including Fuyu, Jinta, Hui, Juli, Korean, Han, Khitan, etc. The middle and late period of the ruling area was in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. It is bordered by Goguryeo to the north, Silla to the east, and Japan to the south.
Baekje is a country founded by a man named Qiu Tai in Fuyu Kingdom. The Baekje royal family is surnamed Yu, which is separated from the country of Yu. It is also said that Baekje was founded by King Wenjo, the third son of Jumong, in 18 BC on the south bank of the Han River (present-day Haemam City, South Korea). However, this statement is difficult to match the content of historical classics, and the geographical location is also incorrect. History says that after Dongming, the descendants of Dongming, who started to be a husband and Yu, are also not right.
When Baekje was first located, it was supposed to be the northwest of the Korean Peninsula or the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula. With the passage of time, it was severely squeezed by the Juryo, Tang Dynasty, Bohai, Silla, Liao, and Liaodong vassal states. After the destruction and resurrection of the country many times, it finally moved south to the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, across the sea from Japan.
Baekje has destroyed the country many times, but it has been revived many times. In September of the third year of Tang Longshuo (663 AD), he was destroyed by the Tang army. Three years later, the Guryo that supported Baekje perished, and it stands to reason that Baekje had no possibility of reviving the country. However, in the period that followed, the Baekje people stubbornly restored their country for another 300 years.
"Northern History, Volume 94, Biography 82, Baekje Biography" contains: "The country of Baekje, the genus of Gaimahan, is also from the country of Suoli. The king traveled, and his attendant became pregnant, and the king returned, wanting to kill him. The attendant said, "I saw that there was a breath in the sky coming down like a big chicken, and I felt it, so I was pregnant. The king gave it up. After giving birth to a man, the king put him in prison, and the pig booed him with a sigh and did not die; The king thought that he was a god, and he ordered him to raise him, and his name was Dongming. and long, good at shooting, the king is jealous of its fierceness, and wants to kill it. Dongming is running, south to the drowning of stagnant water, with a bow to hit the water, fish and turtles are all bridges, Dongming takes advantage of it, to the husband and Wang Yan. After the Eastern Ming Dynasty, there was a feud with Taiwan, dedicated to benevolence, and the founding of the country was in the hometown of the belt. Han Liaodong Taishou Gongsun Du took his wife as a wife, so he became a powerful country in Dongyi. At the beginning, it was called Baekje, because of the name Baekje. ”
As stated here, Baekje "also belongs to the Yama Han," and also says: "Its king Yu Qingshi sent his champion generals Fu Sihou, Changshi Yuli, Long Xiang, and Sima Zhang Mao, who led the Fang Taishou Sima Zhang Mao, etc., to pass on the table, and said: 'The minister and Goryeo, the source of the husband Yu, in the first life, admired the old style. His ancestor Zhao, light and wasted his neighbors, and practiced the realm of his ministers. (This Goryeo should be Goguryeo)
Based on the above statement, the meaning should be that Baekje belongs to Mahan and the like, but it does not originate from Mahan. At this time, Baekje lived in the Han Dynasty and the place where the original Mahan lived, and there must have been the shadow of Mahan, and the things he did must be similar to Mahan. However, there is not necessarily a homologous relationship with Mahan. And the Baekje people who went to the Northern Wei Dynasty said that Baekje and Guree were both from the source of the husband, which should be true.
The matter of King Suoli mentioned above is a quotation, and then it is said that Fuyu is right, and it cannot be considered that Baekje "came from the country of Suoli". In the article, the first thing to say is that Dongming, the founder of Fuyu Kingdom, originated from Suo Liguo, and then said that after Dongming established Fuyu Kingdom, there were descendants who hated Taiwan and established Baekje State. Originally, there were more than 100 families, so it was called Baekje Country. Therefore, Baekje is from the country of Fuyu, and the country of Fuyu is from the country of Suoli, and the country of Suoli is the ancestor of Baekje.
Later, in order to solve the threat of the three Hans in the south, Gongsun Du of Liaodong in the Eastern Han Dynasty promised his daughter to Qiutai as his wife, with the purpose of making Baekje his backing in the southeast direction. With the help of Gongsun Du, Baekje soon became a powerful country in Dongyi.
Gongsun Du was a man from 150 to 204 A.D., and he gave his daughter to Qiu Tai as his wife, which should have been 35 years after Gongsun Du was born. Therefore, the establishment of Baekje by Qiutai should be between 185 and 204 AD, or before. That is, Baekje appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty during the reign of Emperor Ling of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the period of Emperor Jian'an.
After the establishment of Baekje, it directly squeezed Mahan and occupied Mahan's original land. At that time, it was a period when Sanhan was weakened and pressed by Cao Wei step by step. Forcing Mahan to move south of the Korean Peninsula allowed Baekje to gain a foothold. And the Chenhan and Benhan in the northeast of it, under the pressure of Cao Wei, retreated to the south. It was not until around 240 AD that Cao Wei completely destroyed the Samhan state, and Baekje was able to develop faster.
"Its country is located in the east pole of Silla, north of Goguryeo, southwest of the sea, in the small Hainan, east and west 450 li, north and south more than 900 li. Its capital is called Jubacheng, and it is also called Gumacheng. In addition, there are five parties: Gusha City in the middle, De'an City in the east, Jiuzhi Xiacheng in the south, Daoxian City in the west, and Xiongjin City in the north. ”
At the beginning of Baekje, it was founded in the southern part of Tunyou County, Lelang County, the former Han Dynasty, and later changed to the place of Obifang. The four solstices mentioned above are the conditions in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula after Samhan was destroyed.
"Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, Wei Shu XIII, Han Biography" contains: "In Jian'an (about 207 AD), Gongsun Kang Fentun County south of the wasteland is the belt county." The wasteland in the south of the county was not a mountainous area, but a land abandoned because of barrenness. Here, it is the Obifang County that appeared at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty. This Obibang County is where Baekje later made its fortune.
The article also says: "Han is in the south of the belt".
Han, refers to the three Koreans, descendants of ancient Korea. It refers to Mahan, Tatsuhan, and Benhan. Among them, only Mahan has "more than 50 countries", and there are nearly 100 small countries in Sanhan, "more than 10,000 large countries and thousands of small countries". It's all in the south of the belt. With so many large and small countries, it is necessary to occupy a certain space, so it is impossible for Baekje to be located in the southern part of the Korean Peninsula at this time. From "the wasteland south of Gongsun Kangfentun County is the county of the belt", it is obvious that the belt side is in the southwest of Lelang.
The northern and eastern parts of Baekje were the kingdom of Silla, so Baekje at this time could only be located in the northwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, or including parts of the Liaodong Peninsula. However, by the time of the Northern Wei Dynasty, squeezed by the powerful Gureo, Baekje must have migrated south from the western side of the Korean Peninsula. Because, at this time, Silla was also in the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula, moving southward. Finally, both Silla and Baekje were separated from the east and west sides of the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula.
Another evidence of the location of Baekje in the early days is:
"Northern History, Volume 94, Biography 82, Wa Biography" contains: "Ji from the belt to the Wa country, along the sea, through the Korean country, Zhaan Zhadong, more than 7,000 li, the beginning of a sea" and then narrated, but also to go several seas, several countries, thousands of miles, and then travel by water for ten days, land travel in January...... "to the Yamatai country, that is, the capital of the Wa king." ”
As mentioned above, the Wa Kingdom is now Japan, and the belt side is Baekje. And the "DPRK" at this time is very incomprehensible. Because ancient Korea was destroyed by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty more than 500 years ago, it will take another 800 or 900 years for the later Korea in history to appear. This "North Korea" should be a "small country" or tribe that was maintained by its remnants after the fall of the original ancient Korea, or a Xi name that has been passed down from the homeland of ancient Korea.
In fact, Obibang, where Baekje is located, is one of the homelands of North Korea. To go to Japan from Obikata, you can only go south and east by sea. And the "Korean Country" is a place that passed through ancient Korea. Where it is?—— it can only be part of the Korean Peninsula. It seems that at this time, the south-central part of the Korean Peninsula was not under the control of Baekje and Silla, but the kingdom of Tamna, etc. In other words, to get from Obito to Japan, you have to pass through the southern tip of the Korean Peninsula, or part of the Korean Peninsula. It shows that the belt side should be at the northern tip of the Korean Peninsula, or even in the southern part of the Liaodong Peninsula.
During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the king of Baekje was canonized as the Duke of Obifang by the Northern Wei royal family, and the king was crowned king in the early Tang Dynasty. This is due to the fact that Baekje's national strength or national system is different at different times, and its position and scope are also different.
Baekje, the belt side in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. The basic situation is only to take the content of the "Northern History" as an example, but at this time Baekje was no longer the Baekje of the beginning, and Baekje had been compressed by Guryeo to the southwest of the Korean Peninsula.
"Wang's surname is Yu, the name is "Yu Luofang", and the people call it "Ji Jizhi", Xia Yan and Wang Ye. The king's wife is called "Yu Lu", and Concubine Xia Yan is also. There are 16 official grades: Zuoping 5 people, 1 grade, 30 people at the rate of reach, 2 grades, 3 grades, 3 grades, 4 grades of virtue rate, 5 grades, Nai rate, 6 grades. It has been crowned with silver. Jiangde, seven pins, purple belt. Shide, eight products, ribbon. Good, nine products, red belt. Ji De, Ten Pins, Green Belt. To virtue, eleven grades, Wendu, twelve grades, all yellow belts. Wudu, thirteen products, Zuojun, fourteen products, Zhenwu, fifteen products, Keyu, sixteen products, all white belt. The self-grace rate is below, and there are no permanent officials. Each has its own ministry and division and is in charge of public affairs. The internal officials have the front interior, the valley interior, the internal sweeping department, the outer sweeping department, the horse department, the knife department, the merit department, the medicine department, the wood department, the law companion, and the harem department. Foreign officials include the Military Department, the Situ Department, the Sikong Department, the Sikou Department, the Diankou Department, the Guest Department, the Foreign House Department, the Silk Department, the Japanese Official Department, and the City Department.
"There are 10,000 families under the capital, which are divided into five parts, called the upper part, the front part, the middle part, the lower part, and the rear part. There are five lanes in the ministry, and the scholars live in Yan. The commander of the army was 500 men. Each of the five parties has a person who leads it, and the rate is reached, and the party is two. There are ten counties on the side, and there are three generals in the county, and the virtue rate is for it. The commander of the army is less than 1,200 and more than 700. The people inside and outside the city and the rest of the small city are subordinate. ”
"There are a mix of Silla, Goryeo, and U, as well as Chinese. Its diet and clothing are slightly the same as those of Goryeo. If you worship and sacrifice, the crown and wings are added, but the thing is not. The salute of worship is based on both hands. The woman does not add powder, and after the woman has braided her hair and is married, it is divided into two and coiled on her head. The Lord is like a robe, and his sleeves are small. The soldiers had bows, arrows, knives, and lances. Vulgar heavy riding and shooting, and love the history of the grave, and the show is quite understanding of the text, can do things. He also knows medicine, yarrow turtle, physiognomy, and the five elements of yin and yang. There are monks and nuns, many temples and pagodas, but no Taoist priests. There are drum horns, gonghou, zheng, flute music, throwing pots, canopy, beads, holding lances and other acrobatic plays. You Shang Yiqi. The Song Dynasty "Yuan Jiali", with Jianyin Yue as the first year. Taxes are paid on cloth, silk, silk, linen and rice, etc., and the amount of money is rich and thrifty, and the poor are lost. The punishment is to behead those who rebel, to quit the army, and to kill people, to those who steal, and to collect twice the spoils, and for women who commit adultery and are not allowed to enter her husband's house as a maid. The wedding ceremony is slightly the same as the Chinese customs. If the parents and husband are deceased, they will be served for three years, and the remaining relatives will be buried. The soil fields are wet, the climate is warm, and everyone lives in the mountains. There are giant chestnuts, and their genera of grains, miscellaneous fruits, vegetables and liquor-delicacies are mostly the same as those in the mainland. There are no camels, mules, donkeys, sheep, geese, ducks, etc. There are eight major surnames in the country, Sha, Yan, Qi, Xie, Zhen, Guo, Mu, and Miao. Its king sacrificed to the gods of heaven and five emperors every four middle moons. The temple of its ancestor Qiutai is in the national city, and the four ancestral halls are old. In the southwest of the country, there are fifteen inhabitants of the island, all of which have cities. ”
"In the second year of Wei Yanxing (472 AD), its king Yu Qing sent his champion generals Fu Sihou, Changshi Yu Li, General Long Xiang, and Sima Zhang Mao, etc., who were too guarded by the party, and the clouds: 'The minister and Goryeo, the source of the husband Yu, the ancestor of the past, admired the old style. His ancestor Zhao, light and wasted his neighbors, and practiced the realm of his ministers. The ancestors must be the ancestors, the whole brigade is electric, and the head of the owl is beheaded. Since then, don't dare to look south. Since the end of Feng's counting, the embers have been rushing, and the ugliness has gradually flourished, and then they have seen the mausoleum, and they have been complaining for more than 30 years. If Tianci Qu Jin, far away, send a general to save the country. When sending contemptible women, sweeping the harem, and sending children, collecting the outer stables, and the ruler of the soil, he did not dare to have his own. After going to Gengchen, in the sea of the western boundary of the minister, he saw more than ten corpses, and got clothes and saddles. Look, it's not a Korean thing. Later, it was heard that the king had come to surrender to the vassal kingdom, and the serpent was separated from the road to block it from the sea. The saddle one obtained today is thought to be a real correction. ’”
"The dedication is remote, adventurous, courteous, and the envoy Shao An is returned. The edict said: 'You have to hear it well.' Qing and Goryeo are not on good terms, until they are convicted by the tomb, Gou can obey the righteousness, keep it with benevolence, and why worry about Kou Yunye. The envoys sent before, floating in the sea to pacify the foreign countries, have never accumulated years, and have not turned back, and whether they have survived or not, have not been judged. The saddle sent by Qing is more than the old school, not a Chinese thing. Don't be suspicious, and you will inevitably make a mistake. The strategic authority has been different. He also said: "Goryeo is called the first dynasty, and he has served for a long time, although he has been provoking in the past, he has not been guilty of violating orders in the country." At the beginning of the mission, he sought to kill and seek the meeting, and the reason was not considered. The brocade cloth and seafood, although not known, Ming Qing to the heart. Farewell to the miscellaneous things this day. He also escorted An and others. To Goryeo, Lian said that he had a relationship with Yu Qing in the past, and did not let the east pass. An is equivalent to returning everything, and it is an edict to be responsible. In five years, An and others were from Donglai to the sea, and Yu Qingxi was given a book to praise his sincerity. Waiting to the seashore, the wind drifted, but did not reach and returned. ”
"Since the Jin Dynasty, the Song Dynasty, the Qi Dynasty, and the Liang Dynasty have also sent envoys to be called the Emperor, and they have been worshipped. and Wei endlessly".
"And Qi received the Eastern Wei Chan, and its Wang Long also passed Yan. drowned, and his son Yuchang also had a mission in Qi. In the first year of Wuping, the queen of Qi took Yu Chang as the envoy, the servant, and the general of the chariot and cavalry, and took the prince of Fang County and the king of Baekje as before. In the second year, Yu Chang was the ruler of the festival, the governor of the military of Dongqingzhou, and the history of Dongqingzhou. ”
"In the sixth year of Zhou Jiande, Qi was destroyed, and Yu Changshi sent an envoy to Zhou. In the first year of the proclamation of the government, he sent an envoy to dedicate himself."
"At the beginning of Emperor Kaihuang of the Sui Dynasty, Yu Chang sent an envoy to pay tribute to the Kaifu, the prince of the county of Daifang, and the king of Baekje."
"At the age of Ping Chen, the warship drifted to the country of Tanmu Luo in Haidong. His ship was returned, and through Baekje, Changzi sent him very generously, and sent an envoy to Bongoga Pyeong-chan. Emperor Wen was kind and issued an edict saying: "The other country is isolated, and it is difficult to come and go, and from now on, there is no need to pay tribute every year." "The messenger dances away".
"In the eighteenth year, Yu Chang asked his Changshi Wang Bianna to come and offer things. It belongs to the battle of Xingliaodong, and the table is sent to the table, please be the military guide. The emperor issued an edict and sent him with his envoys. Goryeo knew what was going on, and the troops invaded its territory."
"Yu Chang died, and his son Yu Zhangli was established. ”
"In the third year of the great cause, Yu Zhang sent Yan Wen to pay tribute. In the same year, he sent Wang Xiaolin to offer and ask for Goryeo. Emperor Yang Xu Zhi was destined to move in Goryeo. However, Yu Zhangnei made peace with Goryeo and blackmailed to get a glimpse of China."
"In the seventh year, the emperor personally conquered Goryeo, and Yu Zhang sent his vassal Zhimu to ask for a military period. Emperor Dayue, generously rewarded, sent Shangshu Qibu Lang Xi to teach Baekje, and knew each other".
"Next year, the Sixth Army will pass Liao, and Yu Zhang will also be strict in the territory, claiming to help the army, and holding both ends. There is a gap between the search and Silla, and every phase is at war. Ten years, the repatriation envoy tributary. The world is in turmoil, and the mission is lost."
"To the south, there is the country of Tanmula in March in Haixing, more than 1,000 miles from north to south, hundreds of miles from east to west, with many deer in the soil, and vassals to Baekje. Three days to the west, to the country of more than 1,000 miles of clouds".
Baekje is not considered a powerful country in the northeast, but the king of Baekje has always sought a path to growth and growth. So Baekje has always been a restless country in the southeastern part of the country, often having friction with its neighbors.
"The Book of the New Tang Dynasty: Biography No. 145" contains: "The envoy sent by Silla said: "Goryeo and Baekje will meet and discuss." I would like to return to the Son of Heaven. ”
During the Sui and Tang dynasties, Baekje often joined forces with the Juryo kingdom to oppress the Silla kingdom and seized some of the cities of the Silla kingdom. The king of Baekje also often sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty to beg for help. The Tang Dynasty, after summing up the unfavorable experience of sending troops to attack Gureo several times, decided to first pacify the Baekje Kingdom.
In 663 AD, the Tang army first attacked Baekje from Laizhou and other places on the Shandong Peninsula, and soon destroyed Baekje. However, after the Tang army concentrated its efforts on Keryeo and destroyed it in 668, Baekje took the opportunity to restore its own state.
In 936 A.D. (the first year of the Later Jin Dynasty), the newly established Goryeo destroyed Baekje, which was still alive and well in the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula. From then on, the Baekje people were integrated into the newly formed Goryeo people.
"New Tang Dynasty Book: Biography No. 145" contains:
"Baekje, Fuyu is also a different species. The Zhijing division won 6,000 miles to the east, the sun of the coast, the west of Yueju, the south of the Japanese, and the north of Goryeo, all of which exceeded the sea and even the east of it, and Silla also. The king resides in the east and west of the two cities, and the official has the internal minister Zuo Ping, who announces the order, the inner head Zuo Ping presides over the gathering, the inner law Zuo Ping officiates, the guard Zuo Ping guards the guards, the court Zuo Ping is the main prison, and the military officer Zuo Ping is in charge of the foreign soldiers. There are six parties, and there are ten counties. There are eight surnames: Sha, Yan, Xie, Zhen, Guo, Mu, and Yue. The law: those who rebel will be punished by their families, those who kill will be atoned for three times by slaves and maids, and those who are robbed and stolen will be compensated three times and imprisoned for life. It is the same as Goryeo. There are three islands, raw yellow paint, June thorn to take Shen, color like gold".
In the fourth year of Tang Gaozu Li Yuanwude (621 AD), King Yu Zhang sent envoys to the Tang Dynasty to offer fruits and dismount. Gaozu Yu Zhang is the king of Obifang County and the king of Baekje.
In the next five years, he offered the bright light armor and told Tang that the road to pay tribute was obstructed.
At the beginning of Taizong's Zhenguan (627 AD), the edict envoy calmed his grievances. Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty gave the seal a book saying: "Silla, the minister of Zhenfan, the neighbor of the king." Hearing the invasion of the number of each other, I have edicted Goryeo and Silla Shenhe, and Wang Yi forgot his past grievances and knew my true heart. "Baekje King Yu Zhang thanked him, but the soldiers did not stop.
In the fifteenth year (641 AD), Zhang died, and the Tang Dynasty named his son Yici as the pillar state and succeeded to the throne.
Next year, Yici and filial piety, with brothers and friends, the time name "Haidong Zengzi". Joined forces with Goryeo and invaded Silla, took more than 40 cities, and sent troops to defend them. Emperor Wen newly conquered Goryeo, but took the seven cities of Silla by chance, and after a long time, he took more than ten cities, because he did not pay tribute.
In the sixth year of Gojong Yonghui (655 AD), Silla v. Baekje, Goryeo, and Jeonju took thirty cities in the north.
In the fifth year of Hyeongyeong (660 AD), Tang Fajun and Silla soldiers fought together against Baekje, from the city to the mountains and the sea. Baekje defended the Xiongjin Pass, was defeated, beheaded more than 10,000 people, and pulled out the city. Yici coerced Prince Long to go north. Tai, the second son of Yici, set himself up as the king and led the crowd to defend it, and the Tang general Su Dingfang attacked the city, and Tai opened the door to surrender. Su Dingfang captured Yici, Long and Xiao Wang Xiaoyan, and sent 58 chieftains to Beijing, leveling five parts of the country, 37 counties, 200 cities, and 760,000 households.
In the southern part of the Korean Peninsula, there are five prefectures: Xiongjin, Mahan, Dongming, Jinlian, and Dean. Lang general Liu Ren was willing to defend Baekje City, and Zuo Weilang made Wang Wendu the governor of Xiongjin. In September, Yici died of illness, and was buried in the tomb of Sun Hao and Chen Shubao, and awarded Longsi Jiaqing.
Zhang Congzi Fuxin welcomed the late prince Yu Feng Yu and became king.
In the year of Tang Yifeng (677 AD), Jin Yufeng was the king of the county of the belt. Prince Long did not dare to return to China, and died in the hometown of Juli Kingdom. During the reign of Empress Wu, Elong's grandson succeeded to the throne, but by this time, Baekje had been divided by Silla and Balhae, and there was not much left. Later, it was slowly restored in the southern part of the peninsula and lasted until 936 AD, when it was completely destroyed by Goryeo. The Baekje people, along with other ethnic groups in the southern part of the peninsula, have since been fully integrated into the Koreans, descendants of the ancient Goryeo people.
There should be a part of Baekje descendants among modern Koreans and Koreans, especially among Koreans. In other words, there must be some people on the modern Korean Peninsula who are of the same clan as Gureo, and who are descendants of Fuyuguo. However, neither Juli nor Fuyu were countries on the peninsula, and only in the later period of the Juli period, they possessed part of the territory in the northern part of the peninsula and north of the Datong River. Some of the descendants of the husband and the rest of the descendants multiply on the Korean Peninsula.