400+ Occupations Declare!The sixth batch of new occupations are emerging, are you ready for another frenzy of new occupations?

In recent years, a number of new occupations with novel work content and diverse work modes have sprung up, providing new growth potential for the job market.

So, what are the new occupations? How are they selected? What characteristics do they have? And what occupations disappear with them? Recently, this reporter interviewed Fan Wei, director of the Enterprise Personnel Management Research Office of the Chinese Academy of Human Resources and Social Sciences and member of the Expert Committee for the Revision of the National Occupational Classification of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security. It is understood that the sixth batch of new occupations of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has been closed, and a total of more than 400 occupations have participated in the declaration, and the final selection results will be announced soon. It is foreseeable that the scope of new professions will be expanded once again.

In 2023, a new profession is coming

What qualifies as a new profession? To put it simply, it must be outside the "canon".

The so-called "Dictionary" refers to the "Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China". The country's first occupational classification dictionary was promulgated in 1999, commonly known as the "99th edition of the occupational classification dictionary", which included a total of 1,838 occupations. The "99th edition of the Occupational Classification Dictionary" has played a very good role in promoting the career development and economic and social development of all kinds of talents, but it is too "old".

Fan Wei said that after entering the new century, with the rapid development of the mainland's economy and society, the adjustment of industrial structure, the progress of science and technology, and the mass entrepreneurship and innovation, many new forms of business have emerged in the society, which urgently need to be recognized and standardized at the national level, and the new occupational information release system has come into being.

It is understood that after 2010, the state launched the revision of the "Great Canon". First, the 2015 edition of the canon was promulgated, in 2019, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security restarted a new round of new career releases, and in 2022, a new 2022 edition of the canon was released again.

The reporter's inquiry found that from 2019 to 2022, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has successively released five batches of a total of 74 new occupations. Among them, in 2019, 13 new occupations such as artificial intelligence engineering and technical personnel, Internet of Things engineering and technical personnel, big data engineering and technical personnel, and cloud computing engineering and technical personnel were released, and in 2020, 25 new occupations such as intelligent manufacturing engineering and technical personnel, industrial Internet engineering and technical personnel, virtual reality engineering and technical personnel, and chain management engineers were released, and in 2021, integrated circuit engineering and technical personnel, corporate compliance specialists, corporate financial consultants, barterers, and In 2022, 18 new occupations such as robotics engineering technicians, additive manufacturing engineering technicians, and data security engineering technicians were released.

This year, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has once again launched a new round of new occupation solicitation, requiring that new occupations must be not included in the "Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China (2022 Edition)", or occupations that have been included but the connotation of occupational activities has changed greatly.

"Judging from the total number of occupations currently recruited, there are more than 400. Fan Wei told reporters that the final number of public announcements through expert review and demonstration will definitely not be so much, "It is expected to be similar to the previous batches of announcements." ”

It's not "new" enough to be a new career

For example, there will be some new "360 lines" in society, such as "AI three-dimensional ready-to-wear designer", "hyperspace scene designer", "metaverse architect", "virtual human designer", ...... However, they are not included in the Occupational Classification Dictionary. So, are these new "360 lines" a new profession?

"With the deepening of technological change and social change, a large number of jobs have generated new technical needs, and then more new jobs have been derived, but new jobs are not equivalent to new occupations, and the generation of a new occupation must have basic occupational characteristics. Fan Wei said.

In his view, the new profession must at least meet the requirements of "five genders and four modernizations".

First of all, the new profession must be a "profession", which must have professional characteristics and be aimed at obtaining remuneration such as cash or in-kind remuneration, "for example, although there are many people engaged in volunteering, it cannot be a profession if it is for public welfare." ”

Secondly, it is a social characteristic, and the new occupation is a kind of social activity that employees need to engage in in a specific social living environment, which is related to and serves each other with other members of society.

In addition, it is a stability characteristic, and the new profession needs to be formed within a certain historical period and have a long life cycle.

Fourth, normative characteristics, new professional activities must conform to national laws and social moral norms.

Fifth, the group characteristic, the new occupation must have a certain number of employees. "It can't be just a few dozen people, a few hundred people. Fan Wei said that many seemingly new professions have few practitioners, so they cannot reach the threshold of entering the ceremony.

In addition to complying with the above principles and technical specifications, new professional and technical occupations should also focus on their professionalism, specialization, socialization and internationalization level. Specialization refers to the uniqueness of the professional knowledge and professional skills of the occupation, socialization refers to the social universality of the occupational activity and the degree of national response to the occupation, and internationalization refers to the international comparability and equivalence of the definition of the occupation and the description of the activity.

At the same time, there is a life cycle for career development and evolution. The evolution stage of a profession can be divided into the embryonic period, the growth period and the stable period.

"We are very serious about identifying new professions. Fan Wei pointed out that there is a strict process for the release of new occupations, and those that do not appear in the dictionary can only be expressed in terms such as "potential new occupations".

It reflects the technological changes and the development trend of the times

"The launch of new occupations reflects the trends of technological change and social change. The rapid emergence of various new technologies has forced traditional technologies to update and iterate. Fan Wei told reporters that many new professions can be seen from the changes in their proper nouns, such as data security engineering and technical personnel, digital solution designers, robotics engineering and technical personnel, database administrators, etc., which are digital professionalism and reflect technological change.

In his view, the continuous emergence of new occupations fully reflects the needs of new economic and social development. On the one hand, the rapid development of the digital economy has led to new directions for new occupations. The new generation of digital technologies, represented by cloud computing, big data, and artificial intelligence, is pushing the development of China's Internet into the deep water area of the digital economy era, and the digital economy has also become a new engine for high-quality economic and social development.

On the other hand, social change has brought new needs for the emergence of new occupations, mainly including the need to improve the level of urban management, the needs of the aging population, the needs of the integrated development of education and digital technology, and the needs of modern agricultural development.

In addition, some professions have gradually matured and established through continuous observation in the process of continuous evolution, and eventually become new professions. For example, research travel instructors, online delivery assistants, live broadcast salesmen, etc., have all officially become occupations and types of work in the gradual evolution.

Not only that, but the new occupation also reflects the people's yearning for a better life and the demand for a better life is also constantly improving. For example, homestay housekeepers, they meet the expectations of tourists for "home", and solve accommodation problems for guests at any time; there are also family education instructors, with the gradual increase in the number of families with multiple children in recent years, the demand for high-quality family education has also increased, and then gave birth to this new profession, "three children, aging, tourism, consumption, online shopping...... Behind these hot words, a batch of new professions are constantly being nurtured and spawned. ”

More than 800 occupations have disappeared

As more and more new professions are born, quite a few have disappeared from the canon.

According to the data, the 2015 edition of the Occupational Classification Dictionary of the People's Republic of China compared with the 1999 edition, 347 new occupations were added and 894 occupations were cancelled. When the 2022 edition of the dictionary was revised again, some categories and occupations were eliminated or integrated.

If you compare and query, you will find that most of these disappeared occupations have been "outdated". For example, the former "buyer", "open-hearth steelmaker", "letterpress and gravure platemaker", etc., these positions have gradually been replaced or abandoned with the progress of technology and social development.

Similarly, there are many middle-aged and elderly people who were once very familiar with the "BP machine pager", "telegraph receiver", "telephone operator", "record worker", etc., and so on, and they were even very "popular" at one time, but after all, with the economic and social development, scientific and technological progress, and the adjustment and upgrading of the industrial structure, the mainland's social and professional composition and connotation have changed, and they have all disappeared in the long river of history.

There is no need to blindly "chase new" employment

The emergence of new occupations is the result of technological progress and industrial upgrading, which has injected new impetus into the economic recovery, created more employment opportunities for young people, and promoted the formation of a diversified employment situation.

"In a sense, new occupations represent a new employment reservoir, and the continuous emergence of new occupations has an important role in promoting and positive significance for expanding employment channels and improving the quality of employment. Fan Wei pointed out that new forms of business breed new jobs. With the application of emerging technologies and the increase of social consumer demand, the demand for new occupations has also escalated, and new occupations have further promoted the continuous emergence and expansion of various new jobs, and have developed into an important channel for the mainland to absorb employment.

However, although there is a talent gap in new careers, it does not mean that job seekers should blindly "seek innovation".

从‬短期来看，新职业的确有其风口期；但是从长远来说，任何职业都会有其固定的从业人群，本质上还是技术技能水平决定高下，社会各界对于新职业的关注要理性、客观，避免盲目和追风，还是需要以技术技能为导向来培养人才，从而真正发挥其“就业调节器”的作用。

In addition, many new occupations are too "new" and also have certain risks, such as in social security, vocational training, vocational evaluation and development, etc., often there are still large deficiencies at this stage, which also needs to attract great attention from relevant government departments.