During the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Qin moved its capital to Guanzhong
The development is relatively smooth
Especially in the qin mugong era, he was committed to running the western region
"Open the land for a thousand miles, benefit the country twelve"
The country was strong for a while, and it was able to compete with the old great princely states- Jin
They competed, so Qin Mugong also became one of the Five Hegemons of spring and autumn
Qin Mugong stills
After entering the Warring States period, the Qin state gradually weakened
The main reason is that the domestic political situation is unstable and civil unrest occurs frequently
In the military struggle against the surrounding countries, there are also more defeats than victories
The real strength of the Qin state posed a great threat to the Six Kingdoms of Shandong
Or after Qin Xiaogong began the "Shang Martingale Transformation Method"
In particular, Jia Yi said in "On Passing the Qin"
"Duke Xiao of Qin, according to the solidity of Kun Han, embraced the land of Yongzhou, and the monarchs stubbornly guarded to spy on the Zhou Chamber... And to the First Emperor, Yu Lie, Zhen Chang Ce and Yu Yu Nei, swallowed the princes of the second week and died, performed the supreme and made the Liuhe, and the world was whipped and whipped, and the world was viberated. ”
So when people learn about history
The focus is often on reusing martingale and making drastic changes
After the Qin Xiaogong period
And Qin Xiangong, who ignored the foundation for Qin Xiaogong's reform
Qin Xiaogong stills
Tang Taizong Li Shimin was reading this history
Once said to the ministers
The Western Hanjayi wrote,
Qin Shi Huang was able to unify the six kingdoms,
It is "Yu Lie of the Sixth Dynasty",
In fact, Qin Xiangong's credit is also very large..."
Today Xiaobian will try to talk with you
The status and role of Qin Xiangong in the history of the Qin State
If there is something wrong, look forward to the advice of the Fang family
Qin Xiangong stills
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" > domestic and international background at the time of the reign</h1>
Qin Xiangong was known as Shi Kui, also known as Lian
Prince of Qin Linggong and father of Duke Xiao of Qin
After the death of Qin Linggong, crown prince Ying Shiyi was only five years old
Linggong's uncle, Yingzi (嬴倬子), relied on military power in his hands
Under the pretext that the monarch's concubine was young, he seized the throne and became the monarch himself
Crown Prince Fei was banished to the Longxi River Valley
The concubine was The Duke of Qin
He died after fifteen years as monarch
Duke Jian's son succeeded to the throne as Duke Hui of Qin
Duke Hui of Qin had been a monarch for thirteen years and died again
The son of Duke Hui of Qin succeeded to the throne, that is, Qin Chuzi
In the second year of his reign, Zuo Shu changshi launched a palace coup
The empress dowager sank to drown in the water
He welcomed the exiled Ying shiyi back to China as a monarch
Yin Shiyi was thirty-five years old at this time
At this time, it has been more than 90 years since the Warring States marked by the three branches of the Jin Dynasty
The situation at home and abroad has also undergone earth-shaking changes
Qi, Chu, Yan, Han, Zhao, Wei and other countries
The emerging landlord class has begun to rise
Their social system has also changed
It was a "liturgy, a thunderbolt,
The high shore is the valley, and the deep valley is the mausoleum" era of drastic changes
It was a great destruction, a great creation, a great fall, a great destruction
Thus in the era of great transformation in general
The transformation of the bronze civilization to the iron civilization
The transformation of the agrarian economy into a free peasant landlord economy
The transition from a federal system of government to a central ruling regime
In order to consolidate the status of the state, the princely states opened up territory and expanded their territory
The great powers waged frequent wars
Annexation of weak states and tribal states
The State of Chu destroyed Cai and Ying
The State of Qi encroached on Lu and Wei
The State of Wei attacked Qin and took control of the land of Hexi
The State of Zhao destroyed the State of Zhongshan, and its forces reached the south of the Yellow River
Korea conquered the Song Dynasty and captured the monarch of the Song State
Later, he destroyed Zheng Guo
The state of Qin, which was in political chaos at home, was subject to Shu in the south
The east was defeated by the State of Wei
Lost Fan Pang, Linjin, Yuanli and other places
In the end, the land of Hexi was returned to the State of Wei
The gates of the Qin state were wide open, and there was no danger to defend
Even the western Rong state, which was formerly subordinate to the Qin state, dared to cut down the Qin
At the beginning of Qin Xiangong's reign, the state of Qin was weak
Left behind by the other six nations
At this time, what kind of scene was the country in the Qin Kingdom?
The State of Qin has experienced decades of political turmoil
The main source is the particular power of the ministers who assist the monarch
Especially at the time of the transition of monarchs
Their political energy is particularly prominent
This is fully illustrated by the experience of Qin Xiangong in the past
Look at the economy of the Qin state at that time
We know that before the martingale transformation method
The State of Qin has always practiced the well field system
This economic system has been in place for hundreds of years
Since the middle of the Spring and Autumn Period
With the increase of productive forces and the increasing competitiveness of the working people
The well field system showed a trend of decline
It is no longer possible to adapt to the development of society
Other princely states have already made exploratory changes
The State of Qin, on the other hand, has not changed
Qin Xiangong is in this kind of complexity and cruelty
The environment is inherited
Faced with the situation of political, economic, and military decline in the Qin state
Whether Qin Xiangong, who has been honed for 30 years, has it
The courage and ability to lead the Qin state out of the trough
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" > governed</h1>
1. Move the capital to Oak Yang
Qin Xiangong's master Shi Yi lived in the rough life of nomadic herding in the borderlands
Honed his tenacious will and deep character
He also befriended many generals in the Qin army
In order to change the poor and weak state situation of the Qin state
In the third year of his reign, he moved the capital east to Liyang
Caused a national shock
Qin Xiangong passed this move
One can get rid of the passive situation
Weaken the power of the upper echelons of the clan
The second is to consolidate the popularity of the country through the relocation of the capital
He swore a generous oath at the shrine
"Move east to Oak Yang."
It is to retake the land of Hexi that the Qin State has lost in decades
Drive the State of Wei back to the east bank of the Yellow River and drive out of Hangu Pass."
Qin Xiangong's ambition for revenge greatly cheered up the qin army and people
The people of the country wholeheartedly supported him with their enemies
The elites of the clan could only be silent
There is no reason to oppose this feat of revenge that conforms to the will of the people
2. Stop from death
Recorded in the "History of Qin Benji"
"Dedicate the year of the Common Era, stop from death"
That is to say, the barbaric and backward system of martyrdom from death was abolished
Mr. Ma Feibai once commented on Qin Xiangong
“...... Qin Xiangong's contribution to the history of mankind,
It was not under Lincoln's emancipation of the black slaves. ”
Maybe Qin Xiangong's "stop from death" and Lincoln's
The nature of the emancipation of black slaves was different
But his measure is indeed in line with the development trend of society
The so-called "stop from death"
It is the abolition of the martyrdom system
This measure of Qin Xiangong revived the prestige of the office
It has also won the hearts and minds of the people
Played a considerable role
3. Household registration is compatible
"History of Qin Shi Huang Benji" recorded
"Dedicate ten years of public service, for the household registration"
This is a system of land, household registration and military endowment
Tightly coupled measures
Five are "Wu", ten are "Shi"
It is convenient for the state to collect, conscript and arrange for conscription
It is also one of the important contents of the great reform of the social system of the Qin State
Qin Xiangong adapted to the social situation of land privatization
Implement a unified household registration system
The management of the state and the control of the gentry class were strengthened
It also created conditions for the Shang martingale transformation method during the Qin Xiaogong period
4. Initially, the market will be launched
Qin Xiangong exerted great efforts to govern
Society becomes stable and the economy grows
Commodity exchange has also become active
Qin Xiangong re-planned and set the transaction time, principle, and tax rate
The initial market regulated the economic market
Thus promoting the healthy development of the economy of the Qin state
The treasury was replenished
The first line is the market
5. Shimen Victory
Qin Xiangong dressed and ate hard to govern
He personally led the Qin army to launch a long and vicious war with the State of Wei
In twenty years, more than thirty battles, large and small, were fought
After the first two failures
Slowly, the war situation was turned around
Three major victories have been won
The biggest victory was the Battle of Shimen on the west bank of the Yellow River
In the First World War, 60,000 Wei troops were beheaded
Drove the Wei people out of Hangu Pass
The eastern gateway to the Qin state was recovered
If it were not for zhao guo sending troops to reinforce the Wei army
It is entirely possible that Qin Xiaogong could recover all the land in Hexi in one fell swoop
After the great victory of Shimen, King Tianzi Zhou Xianwang also sent envoys to celebrate
It is regarded by historians as a sign of "Qin ShiFuqiang"
6. Establish a county system
Although the Qin Dynasty from the Qin Mugong period
Two districts were established on the border
The main purpose was to stabilize the rear and make all-out efforts to advance westward
It made more than thirty Rongdi tribal states submit to the qin state
Make these two areas the real territory of the Qin State
But the main function is to manage remote areas
During the reign of Qin Xiangong
In order for this rear foundation not to be further dismembered
This vast area was divided into two counties
Longxi County and Northland County
There is a special government office and a permanent military brigade
It replaces the traditional strategy of relying on tribal leaders to govern
He also added three counties: Pu, Lantian, and Shanming
Later, the capital of the country, Liyang, was set up as a county
The nature of the county at this time has changed
It has evolved into a regular administrative district establishment
Later martingales were more thorough
There are 41 districts in the country
Centralized power was strengthened
Qin Xiangong added a county system
It also fully corroborates the increase in the national strength of the Qin state
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" > historical position</h1>
After Qin Xiangong took charge of the country
He promoted the advantages and eliminated the disadvantages and carried out reforms
Led the Qin state out of the situation of weak state and political turmoil
Militarily, it has also gradually regained its strength
It laid the foundation for the glory of the Qin Xiaogong era
Qin Xiangong was bold and courageous in the history of the Qin State
A generation of monarchs who dare to create new horizons
Historian Sima Qian commented in the Chronicle of the Six Kingdoms
"Qin Shi's small country is far away, Zhu Xia Binzhi,
Than Rong Zhai. After the dedication of the Duke, the Princes of Changxiong"
Sima Qian regarded Qin Xiangong as a turning point in the transformation of the Qin state from weak to strong
It fully shows the high evaluation of the historical status of the ancients