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The China-India border is one of the longest undemarcated borders in the world, about 3,500 kilometers long, and the two countries have had many clashes and confrontations on this border since 1959. Tensions between the two countries on the border continue to escalate, with India massively increasing its troops, Chen more than 200,000 troops, in an attempt to gain an advantage on the border.
China, on the other hand, deployed only 3 brigades and about 30,000 people, but it played a clever game of chess, which put India in a passive and difficult situation. How did China do it?
1. Geographical and military superiority
The main disputed areas on the Sino-Indian border are the Aksai Chin area of the Tibet Autonomous Region and the Dogram area between the Tibet Autonomous Region and Sikkim State. Both regions are plateaus and mountains, with complex terrain and harsh climates, which require high requirements for personnel and equipment. In such a region, China has obvious geographical and military advantages.
First of all, China has higher terrain and better transportation on the border. The average altitude in China is more than 5,000 meters in the Aksai Chin region, while the average altitude in India is less than 4,000 meters. This means that Chinese soldiers can better adapt to the hypoxic environment of the plateau, while Indian soldiers need longer and more supplies for altitude acclimatization training.
China has more advanced weapons and equipment on its borders. China has deployed the latest tanks, artillery, missiles, drones and electronic warfare equipment on its borders, giving it a powerful firepower, mobility and information advantage, while India's weapons and equipment are relatively old and difficult to compete with China.
2. Strategic deployment and tactical application
China's geographical and military superiority on the border provides it with favorable strategic conditions, but in order to truly achieve deterrence and counterbalance against India, it also needs to have a rational strategic deployment and flexible tactical application.
China's strategic deployment and tactical application on the border are mainly reflected in the following aspects: China has adopted a strategic policy of giving priority to defense and supplementing offense on the border. China did not take the initiative to provoke border conflicts, but insisted on maintaining stability and peace on the border while maintaining the necessary military deterrence and response capabilities.
China's troop deployment on the border is carried out in accordance with the actual situation and needs, not to threaten or provoke India, but to prevent India's provocation or aggression. China's offensive operations on the border are also carried out in response to Indian provocations or encroachments, not to expand territory or compete for superiority, but to restore the status quo ante or stop the crisis.
China has adopted the tactical principle of concentrating superior forces on the border and striking at the enemy's weak points. Although China's forces on the border are smaller than India's, they are able to concentrate on key locations and opportunities to form local advantages and breakthroughs, rather than being scattered along the vast border line and forming a full-scale confrontation and attrition.
3. Diplomacy and psychological warfare
China's diplomatic and psychological warfare on the border is mainly reflected in the following aspects: China has adhered to the principle and position of peaceful settlement of disputes on the border. China opposes any unilateral actions to change the status quo on the border and provoke and escalate tensions along the border. China's peaceful stance on the border reflects China's rationality and responsibility, and has also won the respect and appreciation of the international community.
China has demonstrated its determination and bottom line to safeguard its sovereignty and territorial integrity on its borders. China insists that the Line of Actual Control (LAC) on the China-India border is the status quo of the China-India border and a fact that the two sides have jointly upheld for a long time, and that any attempt to change the Line of Actual Control (LAC) is a challenge to international law and international order.
China has played the role and influence of diplomacy and psychological warfare on its borders. China's diplomatic and psychological warfare on the border is directed not only against India, but also against other countries and forces, especially the United States and its allies.
Through diplomacy and psychological warfare, China has conveyed to the United States and its allies the message that China is not afraid of challenges, will not succumb to pressure, will not give up its principles, and will not compromise its interests, so that the United States and its allies will be restrained and vigilant in their policies and actions toward China, and they will not dare to interfere excessively, dare not openly support, dare not take risks easily, and dare not directly confront China.
epilogue
The Sino-Indian border issue is an important and sensitive issue in the relations between the two countries, and is also a challenge and opportunity for the peace and development of the two countries. China's geographical superiority, military superiority, strategic deployment, tactical application, diplomacy, and psychological warfare on the border are all aimed at achieving its goals of peace, stability, cooperation, and development, as well as safeguarding its sovereignty, security, interests, and status.
China's clever move on the border is not aimed at threatening or provoking India, but at promoting mutual trust and understanding between China and India and creating favorable conditions and atmosphere for resolving the border issue.