The Supreme Glory of the Ancient Ministers: Talking about the Worthy of the Taimiao
The full text is total
6079
Word | Reading required
13
minute
Figure 1: Taimiao
Taimiao is a temple where the rulers of the past dynasties worshipped the royal ancestors (
Commercial Statement
“
Shigeya
”
，
Zhou said
“
Myeongdang
”
，
Qin and Han later said
“
Taimiao
”
）。 Enjoying the temple means that the minister can be blessed after his death by virtue of his meritorious deeds during his lifetime
Enshrined in the Imperial Temple. Meritorious service is the highest courtesy given to ministers by the ancient imperial court, and it is a supreme honor for ministers.
The earliest record of the meritorious hero's enshrinement can be traced back to the pre-Qin period.
Pan Geng" contains: "
I hereby enjoy it to the previous kings, and I will follow and enjoy it. ”
"Zhou Li" contains: "
All those who have meritorious service are inscribed in the king's great constant, sacrificed to Da Hao, and edicted by Si Xun. ”
However, in the oracle bone inscriptions after the Shang king Wuding, it is only recorded that Yi Yin was worthy of the first prince and the first king, and there is no record of the meritorious heroes after Wu Yi, indicating that the Shang Dynasty's meritorious heroes were still unstable.
Judging from the current historical data, the relatively stable meritorious heroes deserve to enjoy the imperial temple system began with Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. "Book of Wei" records: the gift of the former kings, in the meritorious heroes are shown to show their lordship, and if they are not, they are sacrificed to Da Hao, so the heroes of the Han family are enshrined in the temple. The meritorious deeds of the Great Wei Yuangong are excellent,
Those who have been resting at the end are all worshiped according to the rites.
This paper reviews the situation of the meritorious heroes of the past dynasties since the Cao Wei Dynasty, among which the Taimiao of the Sui Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty did not have meritorious heroes (the Yuan Dynasty implemented the queen sharing system and adopted the principle of "one emperor and one queen").
Figure 2 Interior view of the main hall of Taimiao (Li Jianguo/photo)
The past dynasties have enjoyed the situation of the Taimiao
Cao Wei era: created the system of heroes entering the Taimiao, a total of 26 people for 5 times
Eighteen years of Jian'an (
213)
，
Cao Cao established himself as the Duke of Wei and established the Wei Zong Temple in Yecheng. After Cao Pi established the country, Cao Jie, Cao Teng and Cao Song were combined into one temple, and Cao Cao was allowed to enjoy one temple alone. Emperor Cao Rong of Wei Ming ascended the throne in 229
In the year, the temple was moved to Luoyang, and Cao Cao was edicted
(Taizu), Cao Pi (Gaozu) and himself (Liezu)
The temple of the three ancestors is set as
“
万世不毁
”
，
Pioneered the establishment of the temple name for himself during the reign of the emperor and
“
万世不毁
”
of precedents.
The first year of Qinglong (
233
）
Emperor Wei Ming officially implemented the system of enjoying the Taimiao. Romance of the Three Kingdoms
·
Emperor Ming records that in the summer of May, Renshen, the edict enshrined the late general Xiahoudun, the great Sima Caoren, and the general Cheng Yu in the Taizu temple.
Since 233
The year is coming
262
So far, there have been
5
Batch Total
26
People deserve to enjoy the temple of Emperor Taizu Wu, all of whom are Wenchen military generals who have made outstanding contributions in the process of Cao's pacification of the Central Plains and the unification of the north, mainly
3
Category: One is Zhuxiahou Cao, that is, Cao Ren, Xiahou Xuan, etc
7
The second is the battlefield general, that is, Zhang
郃
, Xu Xiao et al.10
The third is the Wenchen of the family, namely Sima Yi, Xun You, etc
9
Person.
Among them, Sima Yi was in the third year of Cao Fang Jiaping, the king of Qi (
251
Entering the temple, and at this time the Sima family had actually controlled the power, so Sima Yi's ability to enter the temple was undoubtedly controlled by the Sima family. In fact, the first decade (
249)
，
Sima Yi took advantage of the opportunity of Cao Shuang accompanying Cao Fang to leave Luoyang to sweep the tomb of Gaoping Mausoleum, and raised a coup d'état and took control of Kyoto, that is, the Gaopingling Incident, since then the military and political power of Cao Wei fell into the hands of the Sima clan, and Sima Yi, who had hollowed out the Cao Wei regime, entered the Cao Wei Taimiao is obviously a great irony.
Worthy of the Taimiao heroes: Cao Ren, Cao Zhen, Cao Xiu, Cao Hong, Xiahou Dun, Xiahou Shang, Xiahou Yuan, Cheng Yu, Lu You, Sima Yi, Huan Jie, Chen Qun, Zhong Xuan, Hua Xin, Wang Lang, Guo Jia, Zhang
郃
, Xu Huang, Zhang
distant
, Lejin, Zhu Ling, Wenpin, Zang Ba, Li Dian, Pang De, Dian Wei
（
Wei Taizu temple court
）
。
Western Jin Dynasty: Only during the founding period of the country, a total of 12 people were established to enter the temple, and there were no subsequent additions
266
In the year, Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Huan Chan of Wei Yuan, enthroned as emperor, and named the country Jin. The first year of Xianning
（
275)
, Sima Yan summoned Taifu Zheng Chong and Taiwei Xunyi
, Priests, etc. 12
People deserve to enjoy the temple. In the same year, the temples of Sima Yi, Sima Shi and Sima Zhao were Gaozu, Sejong and Taizu respectively.
There are 6 Chinese ministers and 6 military ministers who are equipped with the Taimiao, all of whom are founding heroes, and it can be said that they have both culture and martial arts. Among the 12 people, there are only 2 members of the Sima family, and the rest are ministers with different surnames, indicating that Sima Yan gave priority to meritorious service when choosing to enter the temple, and there were no new heroes in the Jin Dynasty to enter the temple.
Among them, Pei Xiu served as Shangshuling and Sikong successively during the Sima Yan period, and his greatest contribution to later generations was to create the earliest cartographic theory in China
——
Drawing the six bodies, and making the "Yugong Geographical Map"
，
It pioneered the ancient cartography of the mainland. In order to commemorate Pei Xiu's outstanding contributions, Pei Xiu, the highest award in mainland cartographic circles, is named after Pei Xiu.
Worthy of the heroes of Taimiao: Sima Fu, Sima You, Zheng Chong, Xun
顗
, Shi Bao, Pei Xiu, Wang Shen, He Zeng, Jia Chong, Chen Qian,
Xun Xun
、羊祜
（
There is no record of a specific imperial court
）
。
Tang Dynasty: The largest number of meritorious people entered the temple, a total of 44 people entered the temple, and most of them were civil servants
The Tang Dynasty began in the Tang Dynasty during the period of Taizong. The fourteenth year of Zhenguan (
640
）
Li Shentong, King of Huai'an, Liu Zhenghui, Duke of Yuguo, etc. 4
A meritorious hero deserves to enjoy the temple of Tang Gaozu Li Yuantai. Among the emperors of the Tang Dynasty, there were meritorious heroes
11
emperor, and worthy of enjoying the temple
44
Among the people, there are well-known ministers such as Wei Zheng
(Zheng Guogong), Li Jing (Wei Guogong), Di Renjie (Liang Guogong), Guo Ziyi (Fenyang County Wang), etc. It is worth mentioning here that the An Jinzang of the Taimiao of Tang Ruizong is worth enjoying, and An Yuan is a low-level musician of Taichang Temple, with a longevity of two years (
693
）
The crown prince Li Dan was falsely accused of rebellion, Wu Zetian ordered the investigation and punishment of the matter, An Jinzang in order to clear the prince's charges, in public with a saber cut his chest, and said
“
I wish to dissect my heart to see the emperor's heir not to rebel
”
。 Empress Wu was shocked when she heard this, and no longer thoroughly investigated the prince's rebellion, and An Jinzang was able to save his life under the treatment of the imperial doctor. After An Jinzang's death, Tang Xuanzong issued an order to welcome An Jinzang's tablet into the Taimiao and enjoy Tang Ruizong.
Fang Xuanling was a famous minister in the Tang Taizong period, and he was in the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (
648
After his death, he deserved to enjoy the temple. However, according to the records of Zizhi Tongjian, Tang Gaozong Yonghui was four years old (
653)
，
Fang Xuanling's second son Fang Yiai and his wife Princess Gaoyang were accused of rebellion, Fang Yiai was executed, the princess was given to commit suicide, and Fang Xuanling's treatment of the Taimiao was also deposed, which is a typical case of the ancient pit father.
In the Tang Dynasty, in the selection of meritorious heroes, Wenchen was the majority (
30
people, including Fang Xuanling
), Tsuguyuki Takeomi (
15
person
）
。 However, during the Tang Dynasty and Tang Dezong, due to the Anshi Rebellion and the Battle of the Cutting Domain, Wu Cheng became a humerus, so he deserved to enjoy the 4 of the Second Emperor Taimiao
There are people in it
3
People are military ministers
(Guo Ziyi, Li Sheng, Hun Ying)
。
Worthy of enjoying the heroes of Taimiao: Li Shentong, Li Xiaogong, Yin Kaishan, Liu Zhenghui, Pei Lian, Liu Wenjing (Tang Gaozu Temple), Gao Shilian, Qu Tutong, Wei Zheng, Changsun Wuji, Li Jing, Du Ruhui (
Tang Taizong i.e.-
Temple Garden
), Li Tao, Zhang Xingcheng, Ma Zhou, Chu Suiliang, Gao Jifu, Liu Renliang (Tang Gaozong Temple), Huan Yanfan, Jinghui, Zhang Khanzhi, Cui Yuanwei, Yuan Shuji, Di Renjie, Wei Yuanzhong, Wang Tongjiao (Tang Zhongzong Temple), Su Gui, Liu Youqiu, An Jinzang (Tang Ruizong Temple), Zhang Shuo, Guo Yuanzhen, Wang Ju (Tang Xuanzong Temple), Miao Jinqing, Pei Yan (Tang Suzong Temple), Guo Ziyi (Tang Dynasty Temple), Li Sheng, Duan Xiushi, Hun Ying (Tang Dezong Temple), Du Huangshang, Pei Du, Gao Chongwen, Li Yu (Tang Xianzong Temple), Zheng Jin, Li Sigong (Tang Xizong Temple)
。
Fig.3 Portrait of the Daiguo Public Security Collection
Song Dynasty: The sharing system was strict, but it was greatly affected by the dispute between friends, and a total of 24 people entered the temple
The second year of Xianping (
999)
，
Song Zhenzong issued an edict to Zhao Pu to enjoy the Song Taizu Temple, which opened the prelude to the Song Dynasty's meritorious heroes to enjoy the emperor's temple. In the early Song Dynasty, there were strict qualifications and procedural requirements for the selection of meritorious heroes. First of all, the object of enjoying the temple must be the emperor of the court who has made great contributions, has a noble reputation, and has always been morally perfect
“
Provincial assembly
”
You can enter the temple only after you have confirmed.
The "Long Compilation of the Renewal of Capital and Governance" records:
“
Since the ancestors of this dynasty, the ancestors have been elected to re-hope that people who have always been virtuous, and they will be served as saints. Gai Zi did not dare to specialize, and he would order the province to assemble, and his person was not a member of the public opinion of the world, so he was not selected here. Both
，
Zhao Yun respectfully obeyed, reported to the temple, and then dared to do it, which was so strict.
”
Two Song 18
Morning Sharing12
The emperors have a match, and there are 26 heroes who have been shortlisted for the match
However, due to the later deposition of Wang Anshi and Cai Qu, the Wenchen of the Northern Song Dynasty, the number of ministers finally determined by the two Song Dynasty was 24
people, among them, Northern Song 16
People, Southern Song 8
Person. The emperor is only 2 meritorious heroes per capita
people, indicating that the Song Dynasty was more strict in the selection of meritorious heroes, and the largest number of people was Song Gaozong, a total of 4
Person. In the Song Dynasty, the scholars and doctors of the Song Dynasty showed a tendency to worship literature and suppress martial arts, and Wenchen 18
Rank, Samurai 6
Bit.
The struggle between friends was a by-product of the development of centralized politics in ancient times, and the party struggle was particularly fierce in the Song Dynasty. When the class of scholars and doctors is divided, it is inevitable that the meritorious people will be involved. It is mainly manifested in the fact that the former dynasty has entered the temple to enjoy the meritorious heroes, and later appeared to be deposed and replaced. During the reign of Song Zhezong Shaosheng, the powerful New Party added Wang Anshi to the Taimiao, and at the same time in the third year of Shaosheng (
1096
On the grounds that Fu Bi had offended Song Shenzong, he was disqualified from the qualification (
“
Strike the rich and match, it is said that Bi offended the first emperor
”
History of the Song Dynasty
·
Reishi》
)
。 Later, the Jingkang Rebellion, the Northern Song Dynasty destroyed the country, and the Southern Song Dynasty was established, but the dispute between friends and parties continued. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the emperor and ministers of Song Gaozong attributed the reason for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty to Wang Anshi, Cai Jing, Cai Qu and others. The first year of Jianyan
（
1127
Cai did dismiss and replace him with Sima Guang. Jianyan three years (
1129
）
In June, Zhao Ding wrote:
“
Since Shaosheng, academic and political affairs have been corrupt and cruel, causing disasters to the community, and its source is really Anshi. The trouble of Anshi has not been eliminated, and it is not enough to talk about politics.
”
So the deposed king Anshi deserved it, and the deposed Fubi deserved it again
（
“
The stone is equipped with the temple court of the gods. Looking for the edict to be rich and match the temple court of the gods
”
"Song Hui to Compile Manuscripts"
)
。
Fig.4 Detail of Fu Bi's book "Wen Tang Ti" Fig.5 Fu Bi's epitaph cover
Worthy of enjoying the heroes of Taimiao: Zhao Pu, Cao Bin
（
Song Taizu temple court
）
, Xue Juzheng, Shi Xizai, Pan Mei
（
Song Taizong temple court
）
, Li Xin, Wang Dan, Li Jilong
（
Song Zhenzong temple court
）
, Wang Zeng, Lu Yijian, Cao Wei
（
Song Renzong temple court
）
, Han Qi, Zeng Gongliang
（
Song Yingzong temple court
）
, Fubi
（
Song Shenzong temple court
）
, Sima Guang
（
Song Zhezong temple court
）
, Han Zhongyan
（
Song Huizong temple court
）
, Lv Yihao, Zhao Ding, Han Shizhong, Zhang Jun
（
Song Gaozong temple court
）
, Chen Kangbo, Shi Hao
（
Song Xiaozong temple court
）
, Ge Yu
（
Song Guangzong temple court
）
, Zhao Ruyu
（
Song Ning Zong temple court
）
。
Jin Dynasty: The emperor has the largest number of ministers per capita, with a total of 39 people entering the temple
Kim Cho 10
Among the emperors, only 5
Emperors are worthy of meritorious service. The remaining 5
The emperors Jin Xizong, King Hailing, King Wei Shao, Jin Aizong, and the last emperor all died unnaturally and failed to enter the temple, and Xizong died 30 after his death
After the annual promotion of the Taimiao, there is no meritorious person to enjoy.
From the point of view of the number of meritorious heroes, the total number of meritorious heroes in the Jin Dynasty and the number of people shared by each imperial temple are relatively large. The heroes of the Jin Dynasty deserve a total of 5
Emperor 39
people, of which Taizu has the largest number of people, up to 13
people, and the rest are Sejong 9
People, Taizong 6
Man, Sejo 5
People, Xuanzong and Zhangzong are all worthy of 3
Person.
From the perspective of the identity of the meritorious heroes, the military generals account for the vast majority, and there are 33 military generals among the 39 meritorious heroes, reflecting the characteristics of the northern dynasty. As the northern regime established by the Jurchen people, the heroes who deserve to be enjoyed are naturally the majority of their own people, 33 Jurchens, 4 Han Chinese, and 2 Bohai people.
Han Qixian, as the Hanchen calendar Jin Taizu, Taizong, Xizong three dynasties, the two dynasties as the prime minister, is the Taizong period to gradually promote the reform of the official system and the early years of Xizong abolished the Bojilie system, the establishment of the three provinces and six ministries system made important contributions, is the first Han Chen in the history of the Jin Dynasty to enter the Jurchen Taimiao.
Worthy of the merits of the Taimiao: Yehe, Huandu, Impeacher, Penna, Bada (Jin Shizu Temple Court), Pu Jianu, Zhulugu, Yanmu, Digunai, Wanyan Gao, Zhulu, Zongxiong, Xi Bushi, Removal and Reform, Zonghan, Yinshuke, A Clutch Heyi, Zonggan (Jin Taizu Temple Court), Zongwang, Wanpo Lou Room, Han Qixian, Sa Li, Wanyan Xiyin, Zongbi (Jin Taizong Temple Court), Zhang Hao, Zong Xu, Mu Shi Lie Zhining, Qi Shi Lie Liangbi, Li Shi, Tang Kuo Anli, Servant San Zhongyi, Tu Shan Hexi, Shi Ju (Jin Shizong Temple Court), Wan Yan Xiang, Zhang Wangong, Tudan Kening (Jin Zhangzong Temple), Gao Ruli, Fu Sanduan, Wanyan Chenghui (Jin Xuanzong Temple)
。
Ming Dynasty: Only the two emperors are shared, and the Xingtai Temple is dedicated to the system of military ministers, and a total of 17 people enter the temple
The meritorious service of the Ming Dynasty began with Zhu Yuanzhang, the Taizu of the Ming Dynasty, and the "Records of the Ming Taizu" recorded,
“
In the first month of the spring of the second year of Hongwu, Ding Wei, enjoy the temple. With the heroes Liao Yongan, Yue Tonghai, Zhang Desheng, Sang Shijie, Geng Zaicheng, Hu Dahai, and Zhao Desheng
”。
In the Ming Dynasty, only Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Di were two emperors who were worthy of meritorious service.
altogether
17
People deserve to enjoy the Taimiao, among which Zhu Yuanzhang deserves to enjoy the heroes
14
name, Zhu Di deserves to be a hero
3
Name.
Figure 6: Bronze statue of Kim Taejo Wanpo Aguda (collection of Kim Sangkyung History Museum)
The biggest feature of the Ming Dynasty is that the Taimiao is dedicated to the military ministers. Due to the founding of Hongwu and the difficulty of Yongle Jing, the military ministers were respected, and the situation of Taimiao being enjoyed by the military ministers was formed. Ming Dynasty 17
Famous meritorious heroes are worthy of enjoying the Taimiao, of which only Yao Guangxiao and Liu Ji are Wenchen, Yao Guangxiao was moved out of the Taimiao by Emperor Jiajing, so the Ming Dynasty is only 1 with the Taimiao
The name is a civil minister, and the rest are military ministers.
The first year of Hongxi (
1425)
，
Ming Renzong ordered Zhang Yu, the king of Hejian, Zhu Neng, the king of Dongping, Wang Zhen, the prince of Ningguo, and Yao Guangxiao, the prince of Rongguo, and so on.4
The god of the people is offered to enter the Taimiao, and he is worthy of Taizong Zhu Di.
Yao Guangxiao has a special identity and is the only civil servant in the Taimiao in the early Ming Dynasty. Although Yao Guangxiao was a civil servant, he strategized and made great contributions to Zhu Di's seizure of the throne by force, similar to a military minister. This shows that when Akihito decided to be worthy of the meritorious service, although he was slightly flexible, he still basically adhered to it"
Taimiao is dedicated to martial arts"
of the ancestral system.
During the period of Emperor Jiajing, the merits of the Taimiao were adjusted. First of all, on the grounds that Yao Guangxiao was a monk and should not be listed in the Taimiao, he was removed from the Taimiao of Taizong of the Ming Dynasty. According to the History of the Ming Dynasty, in the ninth year of Jiajing (
1530
）
Sejong instructed his ministers:
“
Yao Guangxiao is the heir of the heir, and Lao Lie has. Gu is a disciple of the Shi family, a meritorious man of the class, and a temple of food, I am afraid that it is not enough to respect the ancestors.
”
Li Shi, Zhang Xuan and other ministers immediately wrote to Emperor Jiajing, proposing to move Yao Guangxiao out of the Taimiao Temple and to the famous Buddhist temple Daxinglong Temple. Secondly, Jiajing for ten years
（
1531
Increase sincerity Bo Liu Ji (Liu Bowen), Jiajing 16 years (
1537
）
Increase the camp of the country Gong Guo Ying into the temple.
Since then, until the death of the Ming Dynasty, there has been no change in the heroes in the Taimiao, and the pattern of Taizu and Taizong has been established to enjoy 17 heroes.
Worthy of the Taimiao heroes: Xu Da, Chang Yuchun, Li Wenzhong, Deng Yu, Tang He, Mu Ying, Yu Tonghai, Zhang Desheng, Hu Dahai, Zhao Desheng, Geng Zaicheng, Sang Shijie, Liu Ji, Guo Ying
（
Ming Taizu temple court
）
, Zhang Yu, Zhu Neng, Wang Zhen
（
Ming Taizong temple court
）
。
Fig.7 Portrait of Sincerity Bo Liuji
Fig.8 Portrait of Xu Da
Qing Dynasty: The number of clan bannermen is large, only 1 Hanchen is worthy of enjoyment, and 26 people enter the temple
Meritorious heroes deserve to enjoy the Taimiao, and the Qing court has implemented it long before entering the customs. The first year of Chongde (
1636),“
On the same day, the king of Wugong County, Lidun Baturu, was deserved to enjoy the temple court, and on the same day, Yingdong and Hongyi were also deserved to enjoy the temple court
”
。
The worshippers of the Xiangtai Temple in the Qing Dynasty are divided into 4 categories: the 4 generations of ancestors before Nurhachi (Aomiao), the 11 emperors and empresses of the Qing Dynasty from the Qing Taizu Nurhachi to Guangxu (dormitory), the Outer Domain of the Meritorious Sheji (East Hall) and the Minister of Civil and Military Affairs (West Hall) of the Meritorious Sheji.
Qing Dynasty Sharing26
People deserve to enjoy the temple. First of all, the Qing Dynasty heroes were deserved to enjoy the absolute superiority of the banner and the clan.26
Among the famous heroes, there are 23 people
bit, Mongolian 2
people, only 1
The man is Hanchen. Secondly, most of the members of the Qing Dynasty clan in the east hall were members, and there were 7 of them
Title to Prince, 5
The west hall enshrines ministers with different surnames, mainly princes, Wuxun kings, county kings, dukes, and third-class Xiangqinbo, although Zhang Tingyu of the Han Dynasty was awarded the title of third-class Qinxuanbo, and was later dismissed because of the anger of the Qianlong Emperor, so Zhang Tingyu also became the only minister who did not have a title among those who enjoyed different surnames. Finally, the military ministers were also the main objects of the Taimiao.26
Only 3 in humans
People are Wenchen.
Zhang Tingyu was a veteran of the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong dynasties, and an official to the Baohe Temple (first assistant of the cabinet)
, Chief Minister of Military Aircraft, etc., living in the temple for nearly 50
years, so-called
“
Three dynasties, encountered extremely prosperous
"
, he was awarded the title of Qin Xuanbo during his lifetime, setting a precedent for the Qing Dynasty Wenchen to be named a prince and a prince. However, eight years after Qianlong, Emperor Qianlong distrusted Zhang Tingyu. In the 15th year of Qianlong (
1750)
，
Shortly after the death of the emperor's eldest son, Zhang Tingyu once again asked to return to his hometown, which angered Emperor Qianlong
“
The university scholar Jiuqing discussed, and Tingyu was deserved, but he was still exempt from punishment
”
（
《Manuscripts of Qing History》
·
Biography 75
)
。 Twenty years of Qianlong
（
1755
）
In March, Zhang Tingyu died at the age of 84
years old, Emperor Qianlong finally followed the edict of Yongzheng and let Zhang Tingyu enjoy the Taimiao.
Figure 9 Tiao Mei Liangbi (Liu Keming/photo)
Worthy of the Taimiao heroes: Lidun, Ergon, Zhaikan, Yarhaqi, Daishan, Jierharang, Dolgon, Duoduo, Haoge, Yuetuo, Yinxiang, Celing, Seng Greenqin, Yi
䜣（
Worthy of the East Temple
）
, Yanguli, Fei Yingdong, Eyidu, Turge, Tulai, Tuhai, Ortai, Zhang Tingyu, Zhaohui, Fu Heng, Agui, Fukangan
（
Worthy of the West Temple
）
。
Ancient heroes deserve to enjoy the characteristics of the temple
The number of people selected for the Taimiao Temple in the past dynasties is small
From Cao Wei to the Qing Dynasty, the number of heroes in each dynasty who enjoyed the Taimiao was generally small, and the above 7
The number of people in the temple is insufficient
200
people, the largest number of which in the Tang Dynasty is also only
44
people, while the number of people in the Western Jin Dynasty and Ming Dynasty was insufficient
20
Person. In the second year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty
（
1369
）
The establishment of the temple of meritorious heroes, with the size of the minister's merits as the ranking standard, a total of 21
People enter the temple, but only those who are worthy of enjoying the temple are
10
people, it can be seen that the criteria for being selected for the temple are strict. At the same time, not all emperors were worthy of meritorious service, and the number of emperors who had meritorious service in Cao Wei, Western Jin Dynasty, Jin State, and Ming Dynasty was insufficient
50%
。
Most of them are the founding heroes of the country
The basic requirement for the Taimiao is to establish major meritorious deeds, and the founding ministers all followed the emperor to establish a new dynasty, so they are also the main choice objects for the Taimiao. Among the dynasties, the proportion of the founding heroes selected for the Taimiao was greater than 50% except for the Tang Dynasty and the Song Dynasty
，
The Wei and Jin dynasties deserve to enjoy the merits of the Taimiao, all of which come from the founding merits. From the point of view of time, the ministers who enjoyed the temple were mainly concentrated in the early period of the dynasty, and there were fewer ministers who entered the temple in the middle and late periods.
Figure 10 Zanyou Shuofu (Liu Keming/photo)
Most dynasties are mainly military ministers
Due to the fact that most of the ministers of the temple are the founding heroes, the proportion of military ministers who enter the temple is higher, except for the Tang and Song dynasties because of the emphasis on civil governance and the civil ministers dominate, the proportion of military ministers in the rest of the dynasties is significantly greater than that of the civil ministers, and the Ming Dynasty even has
“
The temple is dedicated to military ministers
”
The system, the Ming and Qing dynasties are worthy of the Taimiao Wenchen is very few, the Ming Dynasty
1
Ming Wenchen, Qing Dynasty
3
Famous Wenchen
（
Contains 1
Prince
）
。
There are many people who are added to and moved in, and few who are deposed or replaced
Throughout the dynasties, many ministers were added to the temple by the successor emperor many years after their deaths, such as Xuanzong Tianbao of the Tang Dynasty, who was posthumously awarded 11 in the sixth year of his death
People entered the temple, and Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty posthumously awarded
4
People enter the temple. However, there were also a few ministers who were deposed or replaced for various reasons after entering the temple, such as Tang Dynasty warriors
Tong (Wu Zetian's father) entered the temple during the Tang Gaozong period, and after Wu Zetian's death, Tang Ruizong will be a warrior
Moved out; Xu Jingzong entered the temple during the Wu Zetian period and was moved out during the Zhongzong period; Fang Xuanling entered the temple during the Taizong period of the Tang Dynasty, and was moved out of the temple during the Tang Gaozong period because he was implicated in the rebellion of his second son; Yao Guangxiao entered the temple in the Renzong period of the Ming Dynasty, and was moved out during the Jiajing period because the monk was not suitable to stand in the Taimiao Temple, and was replaced by Liu Ji.
epilogue
The system of meritorious heroes enjoying the Taimiao is a kind of affirmation and praise of the imperial rulers of ancient Chinese society for the ministers with outstanding merits, and it is also the glory that the ministers compete to pursue. The stable system of enjoying the Taimiao began in the Cao Wei Dynasty and was followed by subsequent generations, but was not adopted in the Sui and Yuan dynasties. Due to the high specifications of the Taimiao Festival, the selection criteria for the heroes who entered the temple in the past dynasties were strict, and the number of people was also limited. Throughout the dynasties, most of the ministers who entered the temple were the founding meritorious and military ministers, and most of them were posthumously awarded to the temple after their deaths.
(This article only represents the author's point of view and does not represent the position of this number)
.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .126)}.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #373737}.data_color_scheme_dark{--weui-BG-6: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}.rich_media_content{color:#000000e5; font-size:17px; font-size:var(--articleFontsize); overflow:hidden; text-align:justify}.rich_media_content{color:#ffffffa6; color:var(--weui-FG-HALF)}.rich_media_content{position:relative; z-index:0}.wxw-img{vertical-align:bottom}.rich_media_content p{clear:both; min-height:1em}td p{margin:0; padding:0}*{margin:0; padding:0}.rich_media_content *{max-width:100%!important; box-sizing:border-box!important;-webkit-box-sizing:border-box!important; word-wrap:break-word!important}body,.wx-root,page{--weui-BTN-HEIGHT: 48;--weui-BTN-HEIGHT-MEDIUM: 40;--weui-BTN-HEIGHT-SMALL: 32}body,.wx-root{--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .55);--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #ededed;--weui-BG-1: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-2: #fff;--weui-BG-3: #f7f7f7;--weui-BG-4: #4c4c4c;--weui-BG-5: #fff;--weui-FG-0: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(0, 0, 0, .9);--weui-FG-1: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(0, 0, 0, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(0, 0, 0, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-YELLOW: #ffc300;--weui-GREEN: #91d300;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #95ec69;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1485ee;--weui-PURPLE: #6467f0;--weui-WHITE: #fff;--weui-LINK: #576b95;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #06ae56;--weui-FG: #000;--weui-BG: #fff;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);-- weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: #fa9d3b;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: #06ae56;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}body,.wx-root{--weui-BG-6: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .05)}@media screen and ( min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc){background:#191919; background:var(--weui-BG-2)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]).my_comment_empty_data{background-color:#111}}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: #e6e6e6}.wx-root,body{--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(0, 0, 0, .1)}.wx-root,body{--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #ececec}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){-- appmsgExtra-BG: #121212}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-ORANGERED: #ff6146;--weui-BG-0: #111;--weui-BG-1: #1e1e1e;--weui-BG-2: #191919;--weui-BG-3: #202020;--weui-BG-4: #404040;--weui-BG-5: #2c2c2c;--weui-FG-0: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-FG-HALF: rgba(255, 255, 255, .6);--weui-FG-1: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-FG-2: rgba(255, 255, 255, .3);--weui-FG-3: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-FG-4: rgba(255, 255, 255, .15);--weui-FG-5: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-RED: #fa5151;--weui-REDORANGE: #ff6146;--weui-ORANGE: #c87d2f;--weui-YELLOW: #cc9c00;--weui-GREEN: #74a800;--weui-LIGHTGREEN: #3eb575;--weui-BRAND: #07c160;--weui-BLUE: #10aeff;--weui-INDIGO: #1196ff;--weui-PURPLE: #8183ff;--weui-WHITE: rgba(255, 255, 255, .8);--weui-LINK: #7d90a9;--weui-TEXTGREEN: #259c5c;--weui-FG: #fff;--weui-BG: #000;--weui-TAG-TEXT-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .6);-- weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-RED: rgba(250, 81, 81, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-ORANGE: rgba(250, 157, 59, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-GREEN: rgba(6, 174, 86, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .6);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLUE: rgba(16, 174, 255, .1);--weui-TAG-TEXT-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .5);--weui-TAG-BACKGROUND-BLACK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .05)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme: dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BTN-DEFAULT-ACTIVE-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .126)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-DIALOG-LINE-COLOR: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media( prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-COLOR-ACTIVE: #373737}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--weui-BG-6: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);--weui-ACTIVE-MASK: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--discussInput-BG: rgba(255, 255, 255, .03)}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){.wx-root:not([data-weui-theme=light]),body:not([data-weui-theme=light]){--nickName-FG: #959595}}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){body:not([data-weui-theme=light]) .rich_media_content img:not(.wx_img_placeholder){filter:brightness(.8)}}h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6{font-weight:400; font-size:16px}@media screen and (min-width:1024px){body:not(.pages_skin_pc) :root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px}}:root{--articleFontsize: 17px}:root{--sab: env(safe-area-inset-bottom)}:root{--wxBorderAvatarRatio: 3}:root{--discussPageGap: 20px}:root{--appmsgPageGap: 20px}
div.autoTypeSetting24psection > p,div.autoTypeSetting24psection > section{margin-bottom: 24px;}