<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="56" > preface</h1>
Zhou Bida (15 August 1126 – 25 October 1204) was a famous writer and poet of the Southern Song Dynasty who served as chancellor during the reign of Emperor Xiaozong of Song.
In his poem "Erlaotang Poetry", he mentioned the phenomenon of "Guo Gong's father and old man ten difficulties". He was also 72 years old, writing poems to mock himself for being deaf.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="21" ></h1>
The Old Man Ten Ailments, from the Erlaotang Poetry Quote Zhu Xinzhong's Yin Chuan Zhi:
Guo Gong's father and old man are ten difficult, saying that "do not remember the near things to remember the distant things, can not be myopic can be far-sighted, cry without tears, laugh and have tears, do not sleep at night, do not want to sit more good, do not want to eat soft and hard, the son does not hesitate to spare his grandson, big things do not ask about the big things, drink less and drink more tea, warm can not come out of the cold." ”
Guo Gong father, that is, the Northern Song Dynasty poet Guo Xiangzheng (1035~1113), the father of the character Gong, a gongfu. According to the "History of Song", Guo Xiangzheng has the story of Li Bai's reincarnation:
The mother dreamed of Li Bai. There are few poems, Mei Yaochen Fang is good at fame for a while, and sighs when he sees it: "Genius is so, it is really too white to be behind the body!"
Here it shows the difference between the old and the young.
Some are physiological phenomena, such as: "Do not remember the near things to remember the distant things, can not be myopia can be farsighted, crying without tears, laughing with tears, not sleeping at night and sleeping day." ”
Recent events cannot be remembered, but things that are far away from the times can be remembered clearly. Eyes spent, can't see clearly up close, can see clearly from a distance. Tears cannot be shed when sad, but tears are there when happy. Insomnia at night, sleep during the day.
There are also several behavioral habits, which are different from those of young people: "Refuse to sit more good, refuse to eat soft and hard, the son does not hesitate to spare his grandson, does not ask about big things, drinks less and drinks more tea, and the warmth does not come out of the cold." ”
Reluctant to rest like activities. I don't like to eat soft things, I like to eat hard, I don't know if it means that I like to eat coarse grains when eating. Not close to the son, close to the grandson. Important things don't matter, usually nagging is always small things. Rarely drink alcohol and drink tea regularly. Don't go out on hot days, like to go out on cold days.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="38" > second, self-deprecating poetry</h1>
After saying that the old man was ten difficult, Zhou Bida said about his old age:
Ding Wei was seventy-two years old, his eyes were dim, and there was constant sound of wind and rain in his ears, but the real rain was not very heard. Because of the supplementary cloud: "The night rain is rare and smells the rain, and the spring flowers see the emptiness." "Yes and no. Try to record Zhu Yuan obscure, Zhu Da thought so, please Yu Zu Chengzhi. Then he posted two sentences: "Self-esteem he is blind and prime minister, and now he is deaf and deaf as a rich family." ”
Zhou Bida said that he was also old. At the age of 72, his eyes were dizzy and he couldn't see clearly. Both ears are always tinnitus, as if there is a sound of wind and rain, but when it really rains, they cannot hear it. So I made a couplet:
Night rain smells and hears rain, and spring flowers see the air.
Zhou Bida said that this was his "two struggles" and wrote it down and sent it to Zhu Xi. Zhu Xi (1130.9.15-1200.4.23) seemed to have the same feeling after seeing it, and very much recognized these two sentences, and suggested that Zhou Bida continue to write two sentences into a poem.
So Zhou Bida used these two sentences to compose a poem, and now the title of this poem is "For many years, the audio-visual is unknown, there are ears and rain and empty flowers, especially this year, the drama is a small poem":
The night rain smells the rain, and the spring flowers see the empty flowers. Self-pity he is blind every day, and now he is deaf and deaf as a rich man.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="55" > third, self-pity he is blind</h1>
Poets do not write poems simply with superficial meanings. For example, the last two sentences of this poem:
Self-pity he is blind every day, and now he is deaf and deaf as a rich man.
Zhou Bida said that he was an old man with poor eyes, but the term "blind prime minister" had a deep meaning. Here is used an allusion to the Tang Dynasty Zai related broadcast.
Guan Bo recommended Li Yuanping to guard Ruzhou and resist the rebel general Li Xilie. Unexpectedly, this Li Yuanping was a fool who was actually captured alive by Li Xilie. Li Yuanping saw Li Xilie and was so frightened that he peed his pants. Li Xilie was furious and scolded Guan Bo for being a blind prime minister, and even sent a waste to resist himself.
The Old Book of Tang records in Book 80:
Seeing that he did not need to be small, Xi Lie said to Ke Cheng: "If You take Li Yuanping, why should you bring Yuanping'er?" Inuyasha scolded: "The blind prime minister makes Ru be me, why should I be shallow!" ”
When Zhou Bida was 72 years old, it was 1198, and two years ago a major event happened. In 1195 (the first year of the Qingyuan Dynasty), the ruling Han Nongxin denounced Taoism as "pseudo-learning" and began to crack down on "Daoist people", which was called "Qingyuan D Forbidden".
Han Nongxin and others imitated the practice of the Northern Song Dynasty's Yuan Yud forbidden practice, placing 59 people in the "Pseudo-Study Reverse D Book", and Zhou Bida and Zhu Xi were also important figures in the list.
Zhou Bida claimed to be the blind prime minister, and he should be secretly satirizing this matter. Because many of the people who were persecuted in the Qingyuan D ban were people who Zhou Bida appreciated or recommended.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="72" > concluding remarks</h1>
Poetry is expensive in implication, small poems often hide deep meaning, do not know their background and secret code, it is difficult to understand the author's intention.
In fact, this is Zhou Bida's old age, in addition to his self-deprecation of his old age and decline, it also includes a satire of the situation in the Southern Song Dynasty. Han Nongxin cracked down on dissidents, and in order to establish prestige and control power, he hastily decided to go north. Later, the Kaixi Northern Expedition failed, and in 1207, Han Nongxin finally died.
Zhou Bida lived for 78 years and died in 1204.
@Old Street Taste
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