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In the long river of history, the ancient kingdom of Loulan is a war-torn but mysterious existence. Many people's understanding of the ancient kingdom of Loulan often begins with those poems and legends that have been passed down through the ages. Yellow sand wears gold armor in a hundred battles, and Loulan will not be returned if it is not broken. Such poems make people have endless reverie and curiosity about the ancient country of Loulan. However, the history of the ancient kingdom of Loulan is little known, buried by dust and time, turning into a faint light and shadow in the long river of history.
The rise of the ancient kingdom of Loulan begins with the Western Han Dynasty. At that time, an important figure in Chinese history, Zhang Qian, who opened the Silk Road, became an envoy to expand China's territory and promote cultural exchanges between China and the West. However, the opening of the Silk Road was not without its smooth sailing. Zhang Qian traveled thousands of miles west, but found that almost all the roads to the Western Regions were occupied by the Xiongnu. In this vast land, the ancient kingdom of Loulan stands and has become a brilliant pearl on the ancient Silk Road.
Loulan is located at the main road of East-West communication, and the terrain is precipitous, which has been the focus of contention since ancient times. Both the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty wanted to include it in their territory. Although the territory of the Loulan Ancient Kingdom is small, it is highly contested because of its special geographical location. The Xiongnu and Loulan often allied against the invasion of the Han Dynasty. This situation made Emperor Wudi of Han angry at that time. So, in 108 BC, Emperor Wudi of Han sent Zhao Ponu to lead an army and launched a campaign of conquest of Loulan. With 700 iron horses, Zhao Ponu broke through the enemy formation, and finally destroyed Loulan and captured the king of Loulan.
However, Emperor Wudi of Han did not completely eliminate Loulan, but allowed it to continue as a vassal state. In order to show his submission to the Han Dynasty, Loulan even sent his own crown prince to Chang'an to show loyalty to the Han Dynasty. However, this situation did not last long. During the reign of Emperor Wudi of Han, Loulan once again sought independence. When the Han Dynasty sent Li Guangli to the west to conquer Dawan, King Loulan rebelled again, but was again suppressed by the Han army. This time, in order to survive, King Loulan personally went to the Han Dynasty and begged Emperor Wudi of Han for leniency. Emperor Wudi of Han left him in Jing and temporarily ended his conquest of Loulan.
With the death of Emperor Wudi of Han, Loulan once again looked for opportunities. King Xinloulan had been a hostage to the Xiongnu, so he was grateful to the Xiongnu and often turned to the Xiongnu. This made Loulan and the Han Dynasty even more tense. Huo Guang, the auxiliary minister at the time, believed that although Loulan was small, it was located on an important passage and had always been in a dilemma. In order to protect the interests of the Han Dynasty, Huo Guang sent Fu Jiezi to Loulan to solve the problem diplomatically. However, in the political struggle, the new King of Loulan was assassinated, and the death of King Loulan meant the fall of Loulan.
Loulan, once an ancient and mysterious country, has gradually disappeared in the long river of history. The monk Fa Xian visited this place around 400 AD, and his account describes Loulan as deserted and lifeless, leaving only a dead desert and ruined buildings. The prosperity and decline of Loulan is a microcosm of historical changes. Today, the name of the ancient kingdom of Loulan is passed down in poetry and legends, but that once glorious country has long been annihilated in the sand, leaving only a faint legend.
Loulan is a legendary name. It was once a prosperous place on the Silk Road and a bridge for cultural exchanges between East and West. However, perhaps because of its special geographical location, the ancient kingdom of Loulan has been controversial and war-ridden, and eventually declined. The history of the ancient kingdom of Loulan is not long, but it has experienced many vicissitudes and left many beautiful and tragic legends. The history of the rise and fall of this ancient country is a small punctuation in the long river of history, but it is also a witness of civilizational exchanges and historical changes. Loulan, after all, is only a page of history, but his legend is forever fixed in people's memories.
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