Speaking of the word "sex", it is estimated that most people are "talking about sexual discoloration".
When it comes to this topic, people blush or think it's hard to talk about.
However, in the scientific community, the topic of "sex" seems very commonplace.
What is even more exaggerated is that some scientists have done very strange things in order to study sexual behavior...
Bizarre MRI experiments
In the 80s of the 20th century, Dr. Schultz of the University of Groningen in the Netherlands was inspired by Leonardo da Vinci's anatomical diagram of sexual behavior and had a bold idea.
He wanted to use MRI to observe changes in the reproductive organs of men and women during sex.
To implement this plan, Dr. Schultz first applied to the school for access to the MRI instrument, and then he began to look for volunteers in the community who were willing to accept experiments.
At first, Dr. Schultz had a hard time finding a suitable partner because no one wanted to perform such a private act in front of others, but after luring with a generous reward, 8 couples agreed to participate, but they also asked for confidentiality.
The experiment was conducted under the supervision of the Medical Ethics Committee, and the researchers modified the NMR instrument to make more space inside.
After obtaining the volunteers' informed consent, they were allowed to have sex in the instrument, and then the researchers analyzed the images to observe the physiological changes of the sexes during sexual excitement.
In order to relax the subjects, Ander also set up soft lighting and soothing music in the laboratory, and after a series of preparations, the large-scale experiment was finally carried out successfully.
The results showed that the male genitalia appeared in the shape of an "arrow", while the female reproductive tract would expand to a certain extent.
A psychologist dedicated to academics
At the beginning of the 20th century, sex research was still in its infancy, and the understanding of sex was very conservative.
In order to change social perceptions, some psychologists began to study the relationship between sexuality and psychology.
Among them, some people are out of pure scientific exploration, and some are selfish.
American psychologist Henry Watson, one of the early pioneers of sexual research, believed that sex was not a depravity, but a normal physiological need.
In order to prove this, he recruited his female assistant Mary as a research object and conducted many sexual experiments with her, recording in detail the psychological and physiological changes of the two.
The study yielded valuable first-hand information, but because Watson had a woman, his approach was neither ethical nor responsible.
Watson's wife, Janet, became furious when she learned of this, divorced him, and burned all his research materials.
Not only did he lose his wife and career, but he also wasted his hard work.
Later, Watson had to leave the field of psychology, his research achievements and contributions disappeared, and this event became a crisis and turning point in the study of sexology.
The magical "Replica Machine": Demystifying sexuality
In the fifties, a doctor named William Masters began a fascinating study to delve into the mysteries of human sexual response by directly observing and documenting the sexual behavior of volunteers.
This research not only violated the social morality of the time, but also met with a lot of criticism, but Masters persevered and eventually invented a special device called the "Sexual Behavior Replication Machine", through which landmark research results were achieved.
Masters was a gynecologist who, after many years of practice, developed a keen interest in the science of human sexuality.
In the 30s of the 20th century, the topic of sex was still a sensitive forbidden area in society, and relevant information was very scarce.
To get first-hand data on sexual behavior, he began looking around for people who volunteered to participate in his experiments.
Progress was slow at first, and many people were wary and unsympathetic, but Masters didn't give up, he looked around and decided to start with some special groups, such as sex workers.
Through contacts and interviews with them, Masters slowly gained their trust and gained some valuable experience.
An important turning point was when Masters met Virginia Johnson, a partner.
Johnson, a divorced woman with an open mind, finally made great strides in his research, and the two began recruiting a large number of volunteers, eventually observing the sexual behavior of more than 300 male and female volunteers, and recording their physiological responses in detail.
In order to make the research more systematic and "scientific", Masters also invented a special device called the "Sex Duplication Machine".
This is a device worn on the head, plastered with various sensors, the tester needs to wear this device for sexual behavior, the sensor will detect and record changes in physiological indicators such as heartbeat and breathing in real time, and all data can be aggregated to reflect the physiological activities during sexual activity.
The device was undoubtedly more accurate and direct than the methods that could only take pictures or videos of sexual acts at the time, but the sensor's snug design against the skin also caused discomfort, and many testers reported that the headset affected the experience of sexual behavior.
Masters had to make improvements, and by adjusting the position and material of the sensor, he finally found a solution that had the best of both worlds.
However, at that time, the social taboo and prejudice against sex was very heavy, and Masters' research was strongly condemned by many conservatives.
But Masters didn't back down, and bravely made nearly 10,000 recordings of the physiology of sexual behavior.
In 1966, Masters summarized his research and published a groundbreaking monograph "Human Sexual Response", which helped humans systematically demystify sexual behavior for the first time through direct observation of the massive data obtained.
Although the ethical issues involved are debatable, this research does provide a unique perspective on demystifying human sexuality, and Masters has become a giant in the field of sexology with this research.
Explore the phenomenon of "sudden death" in the process of human sexuality
In 1928, the American medical scientist Ernst Boos began a scientific study to explore human sexuality, and the reason for this research was because Boos noticed a news in the newspaper that someone died suddenly during sex, which also aroused Boas's interest and suspicion, and he wanted to understand the relationship between sexual behavior and sudden death.
To carry out this research, Boas first improved the wearable heart rate monitoring device so that it can more accurately measure changes in the body's heart rate in various states.
At first, Boos had difficulty finding subjects willing to participate in the experiment, because the social environment was conservative and most people still regarded sexual topics as taboo.
After hitting a wall, Boos finally persuaded an enlightened young couple to participate in the experiment.
The couple, who usually had a good relationship, showed understanding and support for Boas's research, and in order to make them feel comfortable, Boos had the experiment carried out in the couple's bedroom, with only the necessary measuring instruments installed, and no one else present.
In the first phase of the experiment, Boas focused on recording the changing electrocardiogram and forgot to record the specific heart rate value at the same time, and the couple considered the experimental method too unprofessional and refused to continue to participate.
Boas realized his negligence and repeatedly assured the couple that he would conduct experiments strictly according to scientific procedures and would take extra care to protect their privacy.
Influenced by his sincere attitude, the couple reluctantly agreed to conduct the second phase of the experiment.
The experimental results found that during sex, the couple's heart rate frequently reached a peak of 150 beats per minute, far exceeding the normal heart rate range of 60-100 beats per minute for ordinary adults.
What surprised Boas even more was that in just 20 minutes, the couple actually reached 4 orgasms, and the corresponding heart rate spike made Boos think of the possibility of sudden death.
Despite the small sample size, Boas reasoned that heart rate spikes during sexual activity may lead to sudden death, especially in people with a history of heart disease.
In order to avoid the couple's privacy leakage, Boers only briefly mentioned in the official report that the data came from a couple.
However, this sex research was still criticized by the society at the time, and conservative social concepts made many people unable to accept this exploratory experiment on human privacy, believing that Boos exceeded the ethical line.
Some scientists have questioned that the sample size is too small to represent all populations, and despite the limitations of the results, Boas, as the first pioneer to record physiological changes in human sexuality with scientific instruments, undoubtedly opens a new research perspective, which has also become a case of scientists rethinking scientific research ethics.
Half a century later, with the opening of social ideas, such studies gradually became accepted, and more volunteers participated in the sample size and the results became more convincing.
It has now been established that rapid heart rate changes during sexual activity do increase the risk of sudden death, especially in middle-aged and older adults with a history of cardiovascular disease.
In order to reduce the risk, medical experts recommend that this group of people pay attention to the rhythm and frequency of sexual life, and regularly monitor the heart rate.
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