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In the battlefield of the future, high-energy lasers will dominate weapon systems. This is not only an inevitability of development, but also an irrefutable fact. However, high-energy lasers as weapons have always had some difficult problems to overcome. Initially, the main difficulty was the insufficient power of the laser. To become a basic "laser gun", a single pulse power needs to reach more than 10 kilowatts. With a power of more than 25 kW, it can be used to intercept drones within a radius of 5 km. For laser cannons on warships or aircraft, they need to be used within a combat radius of 30 to 50 kilometers, preferably with a power of more than 200 kilowatts, to ensure normal operation in 90% of weather conditions. The kilowatts and above belong to strategic lasers, which can be used to hit satellites and even intercept intercontinental missiles.
After many tests, various military powers tested solid-state lasers, carbon dioxide lasers, chemical excitation lasers, etc., and finally found that crystal lasers are more suitable for use as weapons. The problem of pulsed maximum power for tactical and strategic lasers was gradually solved, and the challenge was to continue the energy supply. Lasers require electrical excitation, but if installed on fast-moving aircraft, ships, or ground vehicles, traditional grid power is impractical. Therefore, generators and batteries become a solution to continuous energy supply. However, some methods of chemical excitation have toxicity problems and limit their application.
However, one research institute has basically solved the problem of continuous high-power energy supply of strategic lasers by combining large-capacity capacitors and energy storage flywheels, coupled with a strong temporary power grid. They are constantly working to miniaturize and lighten such energy supply systems, and hope that they will soon be directly deployed to warplanes. This means that the 1,000-kilowatt-class minimum strategic laser may be the first to be equipped on a fighter plane, which can instantly hit hostile targets hundreds of kilometers away, and even omit most air-to-air missiles.
However, even if the problem of pulse power and high-intensity power supply is solved, there is still another big challenge - the high-temperature heat dissipation of high-energy tactical and strategic lasers during continuous combat. Almost all high-energy weapons are accompanied by high heat dissipation problems. In the past, the solution was to minimize the duration of the pulse emitted by the laser, hitting the target by constantly "flashing". However, high-energy laser weapons belong to the "burning" category of weapons, if each pulse hits the target for too short a time, coupled with the target spin and anti-laser coating, the strike effect of laser weapons will be greatly reduced.
This challenge requires innovative solutions, which will be explored tomorrow.
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