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In August 1937, the Republic of China fell into crisis, and the Japanese Kwantung Army won successive victories, threatening the entire northern China region. The national army is losing and retreating, and the national fortune is in jeopardy. However, the Nationalist Army has secretly planned a crucial operation that will soon change the tide of the war. The implementation of this plan was General Zhang Zhizhong, who led the elite Nationalist army to raid Shanghai on August 13, opening the curtain on the Battle of Songhu. This battle is a rare large-scale military operation initiated by the Chinese side, and there are profound strategic considerations behind it.
Why did you choose to start a battle in Shanghai instead of somewhere else? As an international metropolis, Shanghai has important interests and close ties between Western powers. The outbreak of war in the city will attract widespread attention from the international community and hopefully gain the support and sympathy of the West. This would not only demonstrate China's resolute determination to resist, but also Japan's ambitions.
Historically, attacks from the north to the south of China usually had a high chance of victory. Japan's strategic plan was originally to attack from north to south, but this strategy could lead to the fall of China. Therefore, China must take steps to change Japan's strategy.
Judging by the situation at that time, Japan's main base in China was located in the northeast, called the Kanto base. This geographical location allowed Japan to effectively advance its offensive from north to south, as it could rely on abundant war resources. However, the Nationalists realized that in order to maintain the front, it was necessary to break the Japanese supply lines and force them to the east and west.
The strategy of the Nationalist army was to first relieve the pressure on the Japanese from north to south, and then force them to change the direction of their operations and attack from east to west. Therefore, the Nationalist army decided to take the initiative to launch the Shanghai campaign. The goal of this campaign was not to immediately surround the Japanese, but to attract Japanese reinforcements from the north, and then direct them to the eastern and western fronts.
The Japanese army in Shanghai initially consisted of more than 10,000 people, and the Nationalists deliberately kept their sea supply routes so that they could constantly move troops from the rear. Japan had to send a large number of troops to reinforce Shanghai from the Japanese mainland, northeast and north China. This strategic shift led to the Japanese army's change from north to south to east to west, and although the Battle of Songhu was very tragic, it laid the foundation for victory in the War of Resistance.
The Nationalist forces placed a large number of troops in Shanghai, attracting a steady stream of reinforcements from the north, forcing them to change their original plan, which eventually led to defeat.
In short, the Battle of Songhu was a pivotal moment in China's War of Resistance, demonstrating the tenacity and wisdom of the Nationalist Army and paving the way for China's victory.
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