Recently, there have been more children with colds and coughs,
Every cough, the parents' hearts also hang, but don't be pneumonia!
This worry is not unreasonable, many parents may find that the child is just a little cold, how can it become more and more serious, and even become pneumonia?
How can you tell if it's the flu or pneumonia? Let's talk about it today
The population is generally susceptible to influenza viruses and is mostly self-limited.
Some people are at high risk of serious complications after infection, including: people aged 60 years and older, children under 5 years of age, pregnant women, and patients with underlying medical conditions.
First, schools and childcare institutions are collective places, and children gather and have close contact in collective places, and once there are influenza cases, it is easy to lead to the spread of diseases and more cases;
Second, children are naturally infected with influenza virus or have few vaccinations, weak pre-existing immunity in the body, and weak cross-protection against influenza virus;
Third, children's respiratory tract may not be as sound as adults, and the immune system is in a developing state, and it is vulnerable to respiratory viruses such as influenza and symptoms.
Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective means of preventing influenza and can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications in vaccinated people.
At present, influenza vaccines used in mainland China include influenza virus inactivated vaccine and influenza virus live attenuated vaccine. Neuraminidase inhibitors and polymerase inhibitors (eg, oseltamivir, zanamivir, peramivir, favipiravir, etc.) are specific treatments for influenza A and B.
In addition, maintaining good personal hygiene is also an important means of preventing respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza. wash your hands frequently; During the influenza season, high-risk groups are advised to go less to crowded places and wear masks when going; Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, towel, etc. for coughs and sneezes, then wash your hands and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. Indoor ventilation, regular work and rest, balanced nutrition, avoiding overwork, and maintaining autoimmunity are also important.
Let's talk about the knowledge related to pneumonia ↓↓↓
1What is pneumonia? Pneumonia refers to inflammation of the terminal airways, alveoli, and interstitium of the lungs, which can be caused by pathogenic organisms, physicochemical factors, immune damage, allergies, and drugs.
Bacterial pneumonia is the most common pneumonia and one of the most common infectious diseases, and patients often have typical manifestations such as fever, cough, and dyspnea.
△Image source: Tencent Medical Codex
2What are the symptoms of pneumonia? Common clinical symptoms of pneumonia mainly include cough, sputum production, chills, fever, or accompanied by nausea, vomiting, dyspnea, etc., and critically ill patients may also have clinical manifestations of shock such as syncope, decreased blood pressure, loss of consciousness, and even life-threatening. However, depending on the pathogen infection, the human body may also have different clinical manifestations.
△Image source: Tencent Medical Codex
3 What is the difference between pneumonia and cold? The symptoms of pneumonia are similar to colds, such as cough, fever, malaise, cold hands and feet, etc. Despite many common manifestations, there are several basic dividing points between colds and pneumonia:
(1) Anatomically classified as upper respiratory tract infection, upper respiratory tract infection refers to the external nostril to the lower edge of the annular cartilage, including the acute inflammation of the nasal cavity, pharynx or larynx. Pneumonia is a lower respiratory tract infection, which is a respiratory infection below the larynx.
(2) From the clinical manifestations, the cough of the cold will not be very severe, and the sputum is less or easy to cough up. The onset of colds is relatively acute, mainly manifested as sneezing, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, etc. The cough of pneumonia is often intense, frequent, with a lot of sputum, and even shortness of breath, and some patients have difficulty breathing.
(3) From the treatment method, colds can be self-healed, and generally do not require anti-infection treatment. Pneumonia is most commonly community-acquired, and initial empiric anti-infective therapy should be given as early as possible, depending on the severity of the condition.
4Who is susceptible to pneumonia? ● Seniors over 60 years old;
● Disabled patients who have been hospitalized for a long time or are bedridden at home;
● Frail, immunocompromised and malnourished;
● Infants and young children, pneumonia is the first cause of death for children under the age of 5 in mainland China;
● People with chronic diseases, such as heart disease, lung disease, kidney disease, liver disease, diabetes, malignant tumors, etc.
△Image source: The Internet shows that sick people, the elderly, infants and young children and other weak people are vulnerable to pneumonia disease. In addition, healthy people after being exposed to cold, rain, fatigue and upper respiratory tract infection, the local defense function of the respiratory tract is reduced, and it is also easy to cause pneumonia.
5 How to protect our lungs? (1) Timely treatment of colds Many people's pneumonia is caused by cold not treated in time, or incomplete treatment, insufficient rest, so you must rest after a cold, and you must seek medical attention if you have a severe cough. Especially cold patients with elevated body temperature should pay special attention, this is generally influenza, comorbidities, easy to secondary infection, causing multiple organ failure.
(2) Proper exercise The best time to nourish the lungs in the day is 7~9 o'clock in the morning, when the lung function is the strongest, it is best to carry out aerobic exercise at this time, which can strengthen lung function.
(3) Active cough and lung cleaning should pay attention to frequent window ventilation, and active coughing in fresh air can be selected every morning and evening to remove harmful substances in the respiratory tract and lungs and reduce damage to the lungs.
(4) It is recommended that the elderly over 60 years old be vaccinated with pneumonia vaccine, the effective protection rate can reach more than 85%, and the protection period is 5 years. In addition, influenza vaccination should be received once a year, especially people with poor health, low immune function, and usually suffering from diabetes, coronary heart disease, and chronic respiratory diseases, are high-risk groups and need to be vaccinated. △Image source: Internet
Source: Nanning CDC Comprehensive National Disease Control Administration, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Health Guangdong, Department of Pulmonology/PCCM Department, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Shenzhen Hospital, Health Shenzhen
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