The sky is getting cold, autumn is strong, these infectious diseases have entered a high incidence period, this prevention guide parents please put it away!
The cold dew has passed
It's getting colder, and autumn is strong
The high incidence of diseases in autumn and winter also began to become active
Children and adolescents have weak resistance
Extra precautions are needed
The editor reminds parents
Pay attention to protecting your child
Stay away from the following infectious diseases
(Teacher, please pass it on to parents)
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01
influenza
What is the flu?
Influenza is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by influenza virus infection that is more harmful to humans.
What are the symptoms of the flu?
Influenza is generally manifested as acute onset, fever (some cases may appear high fever, up to 39-40 °C), accompanied by chills, chills, headache, muscle and joint pain, extreme fatigue, loss of appetite and other systemic symptoms, often sore throat, cough, nasal congestion, runny nose, retrosternal discomfort, mild conjunctival hyperemia, vomiting, diarrhea and other symptoms.
Mild influenza often resembles the common cold, but fever and systemic symptoms are more pronounced. Severe cases may present with extrapulmonary manifestations such as viral pneumonia, secondary bacterial pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, cardiovascular and neurological manifestations, and a variety of complications.
How does influenza spread?
Influenza patients and recessive infections are the main sources of infection of seasonal influenza, mainly transmitted through droplets of their respiratory secretions, and can also be transmitted through direct or indirect contact with mucous membranes such as the mouth, nose, and eyes.
How can I prevent the flu?
Annual influenza vaccination is the most effective means of preventing influenza and can significantly reduce the risk of influenza and serious complications in vaccinated people.
Xu Baoping, director of the respiratory department of Beijing Children's Hospital of the National Children's Medical Center, said that vaccination will not cause a burden on the body, and people with weak physique, low resistance or underlying diseases such as children, infants and the elderly should focus on influenza vaccination. It is important to note that getting the flu vaccine does not mean that you are 100% immune to the flu. At the same time, influenza vaccination is not recommended for some contraindicated groups.
In addition, maintaining good personal hygiene is an important means to prevent respiratory infectious diseases such as influenza, including: washing hands frequently; During the flu season, try to avoid crowded places; After flu symptoms, cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, towel, etc. for coughing and sneezing, then wash your hands and try to avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth. When family members have influenza patients, try to avoid contact with each other, especially if there are elderly people and chronically ill people in the family. When parents of children with influenza symptoms go to the hospital, they should protect the child and themselves (such as wearing masks) to avoid cross-infection.
When influenza-like cases occur in collective units such as schools, patients should rest at home to reduce the spread of disease, and open windows to maintain ventilation when in the same confined space as influenza patients.
02
Diseases caused by norovirus
What is norovirus?
Norovirus is a virus that causes non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis, and norovirus is at its peak in autumn and winter.
What are the symptoms of norovirus-induced illness?
The incubation period for norovirus infection is 12 hours to 72 hours, usually 24 hours to 48 hours. Common symptoms are nausea, vomiting, fever, abdominal pain and diarrhea, and some patients have headache, chills and muscle aches. Children mainly vomit, adults have diarrhea, and the stool is loose or watery.
How does norovirus spread?
Transmission routes are diverse and can be spread through contaminated water, food, goods, air, etc.
How can I prevent norovirus?
From October to March of each year, norovirus infection is the high incidence season, and crowd gathering places such as schools and childcare institutions are places with a high incidence of norovirus infection.
The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention reminded that after returning to school after the Mid-Autumn Festival National Day holiday, the epidemic prevention and control of schools and other key places is particularly important. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention issued a reminder that norovirus is an RNA virus and is very easy to mutate. Every few years, new variants emerge, causing global or regional outbreaks.
In the face of norovirus, prevention is actually more important than treatment!
1. Pay attention to personal hygiene, develop good hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, and wash hands before meals and after using the toilet.
2. Pay attention to diet and drinking water hygiene, drink boiled water, eat cooked food, and do not eat unclean and unlicensed food.
3. In the autumn and winter diarrhea period as much as possible to go to a public place with many people, maintain good indoor air circulation, open windows for ventilation no less than 2 times a day, each time not less than 30 minutes, to reduce the chance of virus infection.
4. Eat more fresh fruits and vegetables, and diversify your diet; Enhance exercise and improve physical fitness.
03
Bacterial conjunctivitis
What is bacterial conjunctivitis?
It is a common acute infectious eye disease, also known as "pink eye", which occurs in spring and autumn. Bacterial conjunctivitis in children is mostly caused by Haemophilus influenzae or Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae conjunctivitis tends to spread the infection in schools and homes.
What are the symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis?
The most common symptoms of bacterial conjunctivitis are red eyes, which can be seen as hyperemia and redness on the surface of the eyeball, clear blood streaks, and may also have symptoms such as foreign body sensation, burning sensation, itching, photophobia, tearing, and increased discharge.
How does bacterial conjunctivitis spread?
Conjunctivitis pathogens can be transmitted through respiratory secretions and can also be spread through contact with used towels, toys, faucets, doorknobs, etc.
How to prevent bacterial conjunctivitis?
1. Develop good personal hygiene habits, cut nails frequently, wash hands before meals and after using the toilet, and strictly prohibit rubbing eyes with dirty hands.
2. During the epidemic period, pay attention to disinfection of public faucets, elevator handrails, door handles, telephones, utensils, toys, etc.; Wash your hands after touching the computer keyboard, and avoid rubbing your eyes and face, especially if you use a public keyboard.
3. Do not share towels or personal hygiene products with others, wash your face and hands with running water, and do not touch the patient's used face washing utensils, handkerchiefs and medical equipment used for treatment.
4. Do not share eye medicines, eye cosmetics and other medicines or supplies that may come into contact with the eyes with others, and do not use group eye drops to prevent eye diseases.
5. Maintain good personal hygiene, wash your hands thoroughly before and after touching your eyes, and it is best not to touch your eyes with your hands.
04
Hand, foot and mouth disease
What is HFMD?
HFMD is a common and multiple infectious disease caused by a variety of enteroviruses, mostly in children under 5 years of age. Onset occurs year-round.
What are the symptoms of HFMD?
Most patients have mild symptoms characterized by fever and rash or herpes on the hands, feet, mouth, etc. Predisposing to collective infection.
How does HFMD spread?
The infection is mainly caused by close contact with the patient's feces, herpes fluid, respiratory secretions, contaminated hands, towels, handkerchiefs, toys, tableware, feeding bottles, bedding, etc.
How can hand, foot and mouth disease be prevented?
Good personal and family hygiene is key to preventing HFMD.
Individuals should prevent hand, foot and mouth disease by: wash hands frequently, drink boiled water, eat cooked food, ventilate frequently, and bask in the sun.
In particular, it is important to note that:
1. Parents and caregivers should wash their hands after touching children, changing diapers, and handling children's feces.
2. Disinfect feeding bottles and tableware before use.
3. Toys should be disinfected frequently, preferably once a week.
4. Parents should also pay attention to observe whether the child's mouth, hands, feet, buttocks and knees have rashes, and if the child is found to have fever, rash and other symptoms, go to a regular hospital in time and treat according to the doctor's advice.
05
mumps
What is mumps?
Mumps, referred to as mumps, commonly known as mumps, is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the mumps virus. The age of onset is 5-15 years old, and it is endemic in all seasons.
What are the symptoms of mumps?
Mainly manifested as parotid gland swelling pain, swelling pain is characteristic, generally centered on the earlobe, like a pear-shaped or horseshoe-shaped, unclear edges, tenderness, mouth opening, chewing stimulation of saliva secretion, resulting in increased pain. Some children may be accompanied by fever, sore throat, general malaise, etc., and some children are often accompanied by complications.
How does mumps spread?
The patient is the source of infection and is transmitted by direct contact, inhalation of droplets, and saliva, and the onset of the patient is 2-3 weeks after contact.
How can I prevent mumps?
1. It is important to open windows and ventilation in the room.
2. Early isolation of patients until the swelling of the parotid gland has completely subsided and the course of the disease can not go to school until at least 9 days. Patients who have been exposed to mumps require close observation for 3 weeks.
3. Give standardized live attenuated mumps vaccine or mumps triple vaccination, the immunization success rate can reach 70%-90%.
Infectious diseases are high in autumn
For the health of the child
Parents in addition to popularizing it to their children
Except for the above prevention methods
You should also lead by example
Help and motivate the child
Practice good hygiene
The source of this article | Comprehensive from Xinhua News Agency, Weiyan Education, China Education News, Healthy China, CCTV, etc
Illustration design|Wang Rongjia, Fan Wei
Responsible editor|Wang Jiashi