Zhang Handan: Waste Hill Qin Yeyue. He was injured by the deceased
I don't like Zhang Wei very much, the reason is very simple, the more than 200,000 soldiers I led were brutally killed, but they were crowned king by Xiang Yu with peace of mind, I think Zhang Wei is pushing his subordinates to hell alive, he is not "a general to achieve ten thousand bones", but directly betrayed the brothers who fought with him, which is extremely shameful.
Sima Qian did not give Zhang Han a biography in the "Shiji", some cats and dogs who can't get to the wall are still occupying a place in the "Shiji", it is said that Sima Gong is the most sympathetic to the person who is pathetic, Jing Ke, Xiang Yu, Li Guang, etc. in the "Shiji", all shine in his pen, why not give Zhang Han Libian who has a huge impact on the late Qin Dynasty? I don't understand.
Perhaps, as a general, Zhang Wei has twice become Liu Bang's sworn enemy, and Sima Qian still has concerns about writing, and, more importantly, the more than 200,000 Sanqin disciples who were killed, their parents and brothers, and their descendants, have a gnashing of teeth hatred for Zhang Handan, so I think Sima Qian has sympathy for Zhang Han and does not want to provoke public anger.
Zhang Wei is indeed a sympathetic person, a proper tragic figure, of course, this is my conclusion after years of reading history, he stood up at the most urgent moment of the Qin Dynasty, destroyed Zhou Wen, defeated Chen Sheng, killed Tian Dan, burned Wei blame, attacked Dingtao, killed Xiang Liang, razed Handan, and Hui Wang left, he almost pulled the Qin state back from the brink of collapse.
If it were not for the appearance of Xiang Yu, he would most likely have changed the history of the late Qin Dynasty, such a heroic figure who can turn the tide and help the generals of the building, there is not even a legend, and Sima Gong is too ruthless.
After Chen Sheng Wuguang's uprising, the people snowballed bigger and bigger, and the four sides responded, and at the critical moment when Zhou Wen was sent to kill hundreds of thousands of rebel troops to Xianyang, Zhang Wei appeared, he seemed to be an alien visitor, without warning, because we have no idea about his previous life trajectory.
At this time, in the State of Qin, more than a million troops were sent to guard the Great Wall and march south to the Hundred Yue, and the few regular troops were also in a rout under the blows of the rebel army, and at this critical time, a young mansion in charge of internal affairs, Zhang Handan, took on the heavy task of saving the Qin Empire.
Many people refer to Zhang as "the last general of the Qin state", which is a seriously irresponsible statement, and before he led his army against the peasant army, his position was that of a young mansion, a proper civil official.
The first time Zhang Handan's name appeared in the history books was in this passage, "The second emperor was shocked and conspired with the ministers: "What is it?" Shaofu Zhang said: "The thief has arrived, and the people are not in time to reach the nearest county today." There are many disciples in Yunshan, please forgive them, and give troops to attack them. ”
Shaofu was one of the nine secretaries in the Qin official position, probably equivalent to the palace minister of internal affairs and taxation, and also managed the country's taxes; However, in the Qin texts, there is also a young mansion called "General as Shaofu", which is probably the minister of palace infrastructure and the top manager of key construction projects in the country, and judging from his familiarity with the prisoners who built the tomb of Qin Shi Huang Lishan, he should belong to the latter.
From the general understanding, he recruited 700,000 prisoners and slaves from Lishan to form an army to defeat Zhou Wen, who attacked Xianyang, and marched all the way unstoppable, and instantly reversed the situation, which is said in the Book of Han.
However, I am very skeptical about the composition of this army, at least not clearly, literally, these 700,000 prisoners are prisoners, or the sons of confiscated nobles or government slaves, and their status is still slavery, that is, the so-called slave children, in fact, I think that these people should not account for a large proportion of the entire army.
The most important component should be the migrant workers recruited from all over the country to serve in forced labor, which is stipulated by Qin Law, each Zhuangding must serve one month of conscription every year, and the main destination is to build the Great Wall or repair the Lishan Mausoleum, so it is conceivable that hundreds of thousands of people serving in conscription are gathered here.
Managing and detaining so many people, the complete force must also be a very large number, this is the elite in the imperial army, I think, even if there are not 100,000, it is not far away, so as to ensure that in times of crisis, under the leadership of these "veterans", these hundreds of thousands of people can quickly become a formidable force.
Zhang Wei led this army, swept through the opponents, and together with Wang Li's elite, attacked the state of Zhao, surrounded the main force of the Zhao army in Julu, if the state of Zhao was destroyed, other anti-Qin forces would also collapse, and Zhang Han's heroic name would surely become famous with the continuation of the unearthly achievements of the state of Qin.
But unfortunately, a Xiang Yu suddenly emerged from the camp of the Chu army, he killed his own commander Song Yi, broke the cauldron and sank the boat, and only led tens of thousands of people, and defeated Wang Li, who was rushing all the way from the Great Wall, captured Wang Li alive and killed the main general Su Jiao, and the Qin general set himself on fire, and the Zhao kingdom was instantly out of the sea of suffering.
The Battle of Julu made Xiang Yu famous and became one of the top generals in Chinese history, and Zhang Wei became a stepping stone for Xiang Yu's exploits.
However, the battle of Julu was only a blow to the Great Wall Army led by Wang Li, and Zhang Handan's army was not wounded, but only demoralized, "Zhang Handan's army thorny plain, Xiang Yu's army Zhangnan, held each other without fighting", at this time, while holding his position, he sent the commander Sima Xin back to Xianyang to report the battle situation and urge supplies.
However, because of the evil Zhao Gao, Sima Xin not only did not see Zhao Gao and the emperor Hu Hai, but also almost gave his life, Zhang Wei weighed the pros and cons in the situation of "meritorious and unmeritorious and blamed", and simply surrendered Xiang Yu, so far, the last hope of the Qin dynasty was dashed, and it was only a matter of time before the country was destroyed.
Xiang Yu entered the customs, killed the infant Prince of Qin, divided Liu Bang into the king of Hanzhong, ruled the land of Bashu, in order to prevent Liu Bang from making trouble, specially divided the three former Qin generals Zhang Handan, Sima Xin and Dong Yi in Shaanxi to block Liu Bang, which is the origin of the later generations called Shaanxi the land of the Three Qins, Zhang Wei was crowned King of Yong, and the capital was built as the ruined hill, that is, the area of Xingping west of present-day Xianyang.
Zhang Han, as a surrendered general who killed Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Liang, this blood sea deep hatred Xiang Yu not only endured, but also crowned Zhang Han the king, the reason for this is actually well known, it is nothing more than recruiting a rebel to have a super show, but for Zhang Handan, Xiang Yu can be regarded as a reinvention grace for him, and Zhang Han can only be grateful to Dade to do his part.
If such a day can go on smoothly, it is not bad, but Liu Bang is a thing in the pool, it is a hidden dragon who wants to rush to the sky, but Han Xin, who is called "Soldier Immortal" by later generations, Ming Xiu plank road, secretly crossing Chen Cang, and after some divine operation, he led his troops over the Qinling Mountains and hit the ruined hill city guarded by Zhang Handan.
This is actually the total outbreak of a potential crisis, Zhang Han can't dodge, in this regard, Han Xin sees it very clearly, "The three Qin kings are Qin generals, and they will kill Qin's disciples for several years, and they will kill them innumerably, and deceive them into descending to the princes, to Xin'an, King Xiang deceived Qin to surrender more than 200,000 people, but Handan, Xin, and Yi were freed, and Qin's father and brothers complained about these three people, and they hurt into the bone marrow." ”
At this time, Xiang Yu was fighting bloody battles with the kings of Qi Di, and he was unable to divide his troops to help, and the two of the Three Qins surrendered Liu Bang like "three family slaves", only Zhang Wei swore not to surrender, and after leading the remnants to hold out for ten months, the city was finally breached, and he committed suicide in despair when he was cornered.
To say that there is a road, of course, there is a way to surrender Liu Bang, and it is also the only way to bring back the dead, following in the footsteps of Sima Xin and Dong Yi, there is nothing wrong with it, but Zhang Wei refused, this is his performance of repaying grace, or as tragic as Xiang Yu's "faceless crossing the Jiangdong" later, it is unknown.
I feel that when the creed of Zhongjun has not yet formed a national concept, he still persevered to the end for Xiang Yu, which should be that he fulfilled his promise to Xiang Yu and was the legacy of the Warring States, if Xiang Yu was the last nobleman, Zhang Wei was the epitome of a group of people around him.
I feel that this chapter is like Xiang Yu, but also a tragic hero in the history of the late Qin Dynasty, but unfortunately, the Chinese people have always followed the principle of success and defeat, and few people can be like Sima Qian, give applause to the loser, as for why Zhang Han was not established, maybe the old man has his own unavoidable suffering.
Not only Sima Qian, in fact, Ban Gu's "Book of Han" did not give Zhang Han a biography, whether the reason is the same as Sima Qian, I dare not say, but in fact, Zhang Han's deeds can only be taken from other people's biographies, a few words, as if a lonely soul and wild ghost shuttled through this historical moment, making wedding clothes for others, becoming the background board of Xiang Yu and Han Xin, "both Sheng Yu, He Sheng Liang", Shi Ye, also fate.
Zhang Handan, as a figure who crossed the sky like a shooting star, "his rise is also vigorous, and his death is also sudden", what I admire most about him is that when the Great Qin Empire was in the storm, he could stand up, almost single-handedly, and almost dragged the Great Qin out of the mud, if it were not for Zhao Gao's restraints inside, or the group of pig teammates could be stronger, it should be no problem to delay the life of the Qin Dynasty.
"Handan is undefeated, that is, Qin is not dead." This quote from Cai Dongfan illustrates the importance of Zhang Wei to the Qin state; However, no matter how capable and tragic Zhang Wei was, the more than 200,000 soldiers he led were killed by Xiang Yukeng, and only the three of them were crowned kings, how this did not teach people not to hate Zhang Handan, perhaps, he did not expect Xiang Yu to be so cruel.
However, this account is calculated on him, so how Zhang Wei is, how brave he is, how he is grievances and pathos, and even how he died heroically in the end, whether he was martyred or martyred Xiang Yu, I can't tell, but what is certain is that he does not have a support point that people can like, and what surrounds him is the hundreds of thousands of unjust souls who lingered and died tragically in Xiang Yu's hands.