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【Discussion】On the causes of juvenile delinquency and preventive measures

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As an undesirable social phenomenon, juvenile delinquency is a discordant aspect in the process of building a harmonious society on the mainland. How to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency has become an arduous task in strengthening the building of socialist spiritual civilization and maintaining public order and stability. In order to prevent and reduce juvenile delinquency, the mainland has deployed a general strategy for comprehensive management of public security and established and improved a juvenile justice system. This paper intends to conduct some research and discussion on the causes of juvenile delinquency and corresponding prevention and treatment measures under the new situation. Young people are the backbone of future national construction and the successors of the great cause of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and the living conditions and quality of young people directly affect the development of the country and the destiny of the nation. In the course of reform, opening up, and socialist modernization, generally speaking, the ideological, moral, and quality levels of young people on the mainland are healthy and upward, and can keep pace with the development of the times. However, there is also a deformed social phenomenon that is increasing, that is, the problem of juvenile delinquency is becoming more and more serious, and the degree of malignancy is increasing, which not only affects the happiness of the family and social stability, but even hinders the development of the national economy and increases the burden on the country. Under the current new situation, there is a phenomenon of property embezzlement crimes occupying the main body, network crimes emerging in an endless stream, and drug-related crimes increasing, so how to strengthen prevention, education and guidance of this special group of young people according to the new characteristics of the new situation is very worthy of our deep consideration.

I. The current situation of juvenile delinquency on the mainland

In our current law, there are clear age rules for minors, but there is no clear definition of the group of adolescents. The definition of the age of adolescents is a product of social development, and the age definition of adolescents varies from country to country. Juvenile delinquency is an academic concept in the mainland, a concept in criminology, criminal psychology, sociological research and real life, not a legal concept. In criminology, the classification of crimes is based on the biological age of the person. The concept of juvenile delinquency in the narrow sense. According to the relatively unified opinions of scholars, the concept of juvenile delinquency generally refers to the acts committed by people aged 14-25 who should be criminally punished according to law, which coincides with the age of 14 years old when the mainland began to pursue criminal responsibility, including juvenile crimes aged 14-18 and adult crimes aged 18-25, that is to say, juvenile crimes stipulated by law are part of juvenile crimes. From the perspective of criminology, juvenile delinquency is defined, which refers to the criminal acts committed by people aged 14-25, including illegal acts that violate social order and bad behaviors that violate moral norms. This definition expands the scope of criminal acts to include illegal acts and bad acts, where bad acts refer to acts that are immoral or may give rise to crimes. Therefore, it is pointed out that juvenile delinquency refers to socially harmful acts committed by people aged 14-25. Juvenile delinquency in a broad sense includes a wider range of acts, and from the perspective of professional research, the juvenile delinquency we refer to generally refers to crimes that touch criminal law. (1) Crime Presents a Young Age, and the main body of the crime presents a slim that gradually tends to be younger. With the improvement of living standards, the physical and psychological development of adolescents is constantly advanced, and this trend has emerged under the influence of bad social atmosphere and negative social thoughts. In addition to the accident of young age, the number of crimes is also increasing year by year, from the survey point of view, the initial age of juvenile crime in the mainland has also been decreasing, the number of young crimes is also increasing, but the survey span is not large, so the gap in the number is not obvious, which shows that the data lacks a certain degree of credibility, but this trend also explains the problem to a certain extent. The age of first offense for juveniles begins to get lower. According to the survey, the initial age of juvenile delinquency cases is several years lower than the initial age of juvenile cases, especially in some areas, not only the initial age of juvenile offenders is lower, but their proportion is also increasing. As for why it is getting younger and younger, that is, the living standards of our country are constantly improving, and under better material conditions, the development period of adolescents is gradually advanced, so their precocious period has also moved forward as a whole. (2) Forms of criminal organization, gang-like juvenile crimes, and the emergence of crimes has shifted from individual crimes to collective joint crimes. The external manifestation of the adolescent group is their desire for friendship and the desire to fit in with themselves, which is an independent sense of their psychological needs. Adolescents generally reach the period of psychological desire for maturity, it is easy to close themselves in front of their parents, and they will also love to be with peers of the same age and have common interests and hobbies, forming a group, and this group is easy to influence each other. As long as one of the members of this group has a sense of crime, then it is possible to commit a crime together and establish a joint crime. Judging from the investigation trend in recent years, gang cases are generally many major cases and important cases, and if this gang has members such as habitual offenders or repeat offenders, this gang will develop very quickly into an organized gang, and sometimes even develop into a gang with the nature of an underworld organization. (3) Gradual violence of crime Today's teenagers generally formulate detailed plans before committing crimes, and learn the means of counter-investigation through some channels such as film and television or the Internet, and apply these methods to crimes, which promotes juvenile crime with obvious characteristics of violence and adulthood. Compared to adults, adolescents are not mature enough in their minds and have insufficient control over their own behavior, which leads to their violent behavior and reckless behavior, so their crimes are often more crazy and devastating. Its specific manifestations are: First, the commission of harmful acts, the consequences are serious. For example, some maliciously retaliate against others and commit murder because of emotional problems; Some kidnap others for money, and even destroy corpses; Some hurt others because of family problems. Second, violent robbery. Recently, the robbery of young people has become more violent, and the verbal threats of the past have been transformed into the use of weapons, such as carrying knives, clubs, butcher knives, firearms, etc. Third, rape. Such crimes are even more egregious, such as following a woman at night to commit rape, and students partnering up to intercept a woman to commit rape and gang rape. (4) There are more and more types of crimes in diverse groups of juveniles, and crimes involving property and violence are still in the primary position. Juvenile group crime is more and more showing a trend of diversification, due to the improvement of social living standards, information network is more and more developed, so teenagers to obtain more and more channels of information, they from various media and various ways to obtain some bad information, in they do not have a strong ability to distinguish right from wrong, they tend to be easier to embark on the road of crime, which is why crime is becoming more and more diversified. According to the survey, most of the types of crime cases of the previous juvenile group were mainly based on theft, but in recent years, the types of juvenile crimes have become more and more numerous, and they have been dispersed into many categories, and the type of violent crime has also become the main type of their crime, whether they are from the diversity of crime types or the cruelty of criminal methods or the case rate, they will not be inferior to adult offenders.

2. Causes of juvenile delinquency

The formation process of people's behavior habits is inextricably linked with the social environment in which a person lives, especially the adolescent group who are growing up, in the process of their participation in this society, their habit formation and the surrounding environmental factors are more closely related, it can be said that what kind of environment will develop what kind of habits. Therefore, for the study of the causes of juvenile delinquency, it is necessary to start from the social environment in which they are located to find answers. There are many causes of juvenile delinquency, not only external factors in the social environment, but also internal factors in family education, and if school education and supervision are taken in an improper way, it is also the main cause of juvenile delinquency. (1) Juveniles' own factorsThe criminal behavior of adolescents is mainly manifested in the immaturity of understanding of social and personal problems, of which social causes are an important aspect of juvenile delinquency, but the important role of juvenile delinquency in personal factors must not be ignored. Juvenile crimes mainly include theft, robbery, rape, drug trafficking, drug use, intentional homicide and other types of crimes. Adolescence is a period from the beginning of individual development to personality maturity, so human psychology has been rapidly developed, but psychological maturity at this time often lags behind physical maturity, which is the psychological basis of juvenile delinquency. Due to objective reasons, adolescent physiological and psychological development is not synchronized, so adolescents will fall into many contradictions and have many serious problems during adolescence. 1. Adolescents' control is low Because adolescents' physiological development is fast, metabolism is also faster, the amount of activity is larger, in addition to study, life and entertainment time there is abundant energy and physical strength, in excess energy and physical strength, often produce other behaviors, and because these behaviors do not match their immature mental level, the contrast is relatively large, plus some external adverse factors, thus going downhill. 2. Adolescents have low discernment ability, strong curiosity Minors always have curiosity about things and phenomena in the outside world, which is also an instinctive reaction of adolescents, they will expand their horizons at every moment, constantly recognize new things, as long as it is something or phenomenon that they have not understood, or the problems they find, will show their strong curiosity, have a certain courage and in order to practice the determination to disdain, but also reckless, they often ignore the harm caused by this consequence. Because they lack experience, have a low level of cognition, and cannot distinguish what should and should not be done, what can be done and what cannot be done, they cannot say the reasons for this, they cannot control their future direction, let alone scientific guidelines and what laws and regulations are. Therefore, the curiosity of adolescents and their weak ability to discriminate are the main internal factors in their crime direction. (2) After analyzing the subjective factors of the adolescent group, internal factors play a crucial role, and it is known that according to the view of Marxist philosophy, internal causes are the key, while external causes are conditions, and external causes act through internal causes. External causes are mainly some objective things, adolescents are in the growth period, in an important stage of life, their cognition, their psychological changes, will not be completely determined by themselves, external factors will also play a role that cannot be ignored, from the perspective of internal causes, may be his thoughts germinating certain desires or appear in the preparatory stage of a certain behavior, then he may also be terminated, but if the surrounding factors encourage him or improperly mislead him, the surrounding environment also affects him, and no one cares about his psychological fluctuations, He couldn't control his eagerness, which would lead to this criminal act becoming a reality. Therefore, the subjective factors of adolescents are not necessarily the inevitable factors that determine the occurrence of crimes, and the objective factors should attract our great attention. 1. Family environmental factors: Lack of performance of family functions is an important cause that directly leads to juvenile group crime. What is the family, the family is actually a cell composed of individuals or multiple people, most families are also based on marriage and blood relations as the link of this organizational model, this organizational model is the cradle of adolescent growth. Therefore, whether the family relationship is harmonious or not and the education method guided by the family to adolescents are directly related to the growth and future of adolescents. However, in the surrounding life, the lack of family education function, has become a common phenomenon in society, many families lack the obligation to educate their children, parents' attitude is to let it go, let it be free, do not pay attention, some parents themselves are influenced by the idea of money worship, only pay attention to the material living conditions of their children, often this situation will make parents and children divorced, but also easy to make the inner changes of adolescents, produce willful, indifferent personality, this personality will be more paranoid and impulsive, If you act impulsively, then it will easily lead to crime. Many parents also adhere to the traditional stick out of filial piety model, the use of corporal punishment for their children, this education method makes the gap between parents and children widen further, so that the children who grow up in the environment will desperately find a sense of identity and warmth in society, so that they will go to extremes, go astray, and even lead to illegal and criminal acts. With the change of family life structure and lifestyle, the family's way of life has gradually modernized, so the educational function of the family has also been greatly weakened, and there is no corresponding response to the weakening, which is the main cause of juvenile delinquency. Family as one of the tens of millions of cells of society, good or bad will affect the stability and development of the entire society, as a teenager's life in the most and most important time is spent in the family, is spent with parents, so the family is also an important starting point for adolescents to the society excessive, is the starting point of the adolescent life. Defects in the family structure. Family is indispensable for everyone, should also be warm for everyone, once the family has a rift, and even the family structure defects, husband and wife relationship as a family existence of the basis of the bond, often play a very important role, husband and wife relationship caused by divorce, one party died or one party because of illegal crimes and other reasons, adolescents lost one or both parents, the structure of the family has also changed, Adolescents feel that the family has become incomplete, and the defects of the family are also a key reason for the youth group to go down the path of crime. Adolescents who have been in single-parent families for a long time lack of maternal or fatherly love for a long time, resulting in character deficiency, so they are more irritable and impulsive, and often cause bad consequences because of extreme behavior. Improper family education. Family relative to teenagers family is a harbor is also a school, the growth of adolescents can not be separated from family education, and family education is always very different, some families know how to correctly guide children, some families are choose to let go, different family education methods to cultivate children are also very different, so family education is directly related to the future development of adolescents. For a long time, mainland teenagers mainly appear in family relations as only children, only children have been concerned and pampered by the whole family since birth, even if there is something wrong, parents will tolerate and protect their mistakes, in the long run, small mistakes will inevitably lead to big mistakes, parents are blind to illegal and criminal acts or even cover up, then it will lead to greater mistakes for children, out of control; Some families go to the other extreme, that is, the education method is simple and rude, and parents do not guide their children to correct their mistakes when they find out that they have made mistakes, but adopt rough beatings and scolding. Parents think that scolding may be all the way to solve the problem, the child makes a mistake and hits again, until the child hits until no mistake is made. This kind of education seriously dampens the self-esteem of adolescents, and over time, they themselves will develop the character of solving all problems in a violent way, and have a very serious rebellious psychology towards parents and teachers, which is very detrimental to their growth; Parents' every move is actually a role model for their children, so the parent's education method plays a subtle role in the growth of adolescents, and the radical education method will leave more or less shadows on teenagers, which will also lead to the root cause of juveniles to break the law and commit crimes; Some parents choose to ignore their children, let it go, they are indifferent to their children, and they have not fulfilled their obligations as parents, in this case, their children are not well guided due to neglect of discipline, so they will learn from each other, begin to learn badly, and gradually embark on the road of crime; Parents in some families have high expectations for their children, they generally hope for their children to become dragons, so they will not notice the ways and means to focus love on their children, put their own unfulfilled things on their children, or even things that cannot be done, children's ability is also limited, so often and parents' expectations deviation, or even farther and farther, for a long time children will have a strong sense of gap and inferiority complex, will choose to escape, escape reality to escape parents, these pressures accumulate more, there is no good communication, and in the long run, it will gradually distort the mind and body; Some parents and children are very lack of communication, many parents are busy with work and entertainment, so they tend to ignore their children, they think that the child is sensible anyway, can understand the hard work of parents, as long as the child's material needs can be met, and there is no attention to the difficulties and problems encountered by the child. Bad behavior by parents. Parents are the best teachers of their children, and the behavioral habits developed in a family often extend to the children's lives, and this behavior and habits will last for a long time, and the behavior of the family extends to society, and the phenomenon of society acts on the family, which is a socialized phenomenon. This socialization model is formed inadvertently, not overnight can be changed, parents' words and deeds all the time affect their children, whether there is harmony between husband and wife, whether parents are filial to their elders or not, whether parents are willing to communicate, willing to reason, whether parents abide by the bottom line of law and morality, etc., these are the objects of imitation by children, parents can be cautious in words and deeds, respect and love each other, then children can also teach by word and deed, on the contrary, it will have a lot of negative effects on teenagers, children will also follow suit. Practice these behaviors of your parents. The effect of discord in the family atmosphere. The atmosphere of the family is actually a part of the adolescent growth process that can not be ignored, parents respect and love each other, create a good family atmosphere, the growth of children is actually a very good leading role, husband and wife mutual respect, mutual care, mutual understanding, mutual help, honest treatment, mutual encouragement, mutual love, etc., have given children a good example, under the influence of this atmosphere, children will also subtly know how to get along with people, how to integrate into the social environment, You will be more calm and organized when dealing with things. On the contrary, parents often quarrel or even fist and foot each other, blindly accusing each other, selfish, inconsiderate of each other, the more discordant factors this discord, the greater the psychological shadow caused to adolescents, and eventually children go astray because of the infection of these discordant factors, and the whole family will also have to pay a painful price. Family conditions are poor. The mainland has been in a state of unbalanced development before, and there is also a large gap between the rich and the poor in many areas, some parents have stable income, and some parents are facing laid-off unemployment, so the family that leads to the growth of some children is rich in food and even brocade, while some children grow up in a very difficult process, even unable to fill their stomachs, some families will have economic sources, will also have a certain economic foundation, and some families can not bear the slightest wind and rain, too poor. This often leads to these teenagers growing up in poverty gradually develop an inferiority complex, and in the long run, after being marginalized by the society, they will have a rebellious psychology against the society, form an anti-social psychology, will retaliate against the society, and will also walk on the road of no return in order to meet their material needs. 2. School environmental factors, bias or mistakes in school education are also inducing factors that cannot be ignored in juvenile delinquency. School education is different from family and social education, it is the purposeful, planned and organized activities of educators to impart knowledge and skills to the educated in accordance with the requirements of a certain society or a certain class, and cultivate ideological character, intelligence and physical strength, which plays a leading role in the development of the younger generation. The quality of a school's education can be directly related to the quality of the growth process of adolescents. In our country, a considerable proportion of crimes committed by school students due to bias or mistakes in school education are also accounted for. Due to the deviation of some schools in educational philosophy and policy, emphasizing intellectual education over moral education, teaching and education are disconnected; One-sided pursuit of the so-called promotion rate, excessive concern for academic performance, and neglect of ideological education, and blame social and family factors for students' poor performance, and even some teachers lack help education for latecomers and double-poor students, and students who have fallen behind, resulting in students' disgust and truancy, and they have the idea of breaking the can. In addition to these, poor management and improper school spirit of the school side can easily lead to gangs and fights in juvenile schools, and this series of phenomena and manifestations are misunderstandings caused by improper education, which will have a direct or indirect negative impact on juvenile delinquency. (1) The lack of education, basic education and vocational education have become key factors. Juvenile delinquency and the lack of basic education and vocational education are also closely related, there are defects in the school's education system, schools pay more attention to the promotion rate, pay attention to the input of knowledge and neglect the shaping of morality, and neglect the value and ideological and moral education of students; Some teachers do not grasp the students' thought dynamics and psychological conditions in time, and when the students have broken the idea, the teacher pays attention to it, but it is too late. From the statistical analysis of crime, the law of young people with low education level, these young people have low cognitive level, poor self-control ability, and are in a state of unemployment or lack of stability for a long time after dropping out of school, and it is extremely easy to break through the moral defense line and go astray on the road of crime. (2) The neglect of ideological and moral education, the emphasis on school education and the neglect of the cultivation of ideology and morality, which is another major factor in juvenile delinquency. At present, the education of students in our country is increasingly running through the all-round development of morality, intelligence, physique, beauty and labor, and why we put virtue in the first place is to emphasize its importance. Our party has put forward the concept of governing the country according to law together with ruling the country with ethics, and we can see the importance of virtue. Some schools will overly pursue intellectual development in their educational philosophy, believing that as long as the academic performance is excellent, the future will be immeasurable, so to a large extent downplay the ideological character cultivation and education of students, and some schools although they open ideological morality, but the form is single, the content is old-fashioned, can not achieve the purpose of real education and moral education, so that the purpose of learning is deviated. Some teachers have poor quality and low professional ethics, which makes it more difficult to educate morality. A student's strong thinking and moral character is the main prerequisite for future development, otherwise it is difficult to be up to the task, such a person encounters setbacks, or chooses the path of life, will be at a loss, have no immunity, and are easily affected by external factors to embark on the road of crime. (3) Legal education lacks that students should receive education in the legal system in schools, so that students can directly and clearly understand the most basic legal common sense, so that students understand that law is a warning line, and if they cross this line, they will have to pay the corresponding price; So students should know what to do and what not to do; It should also be known that the consequences of breaking the law are serious and even irreversible. Some schools ignore legal education, even if they open legal system courses, they are basically taught by non-legal professionals, and most of the content of legal system courses is very little, so it is inevitable that the legal knowledge explained is not accurate enough, and legal education will only stay in the teaching of legal knowledge, which also represents the lack of this legal education. Because the school's legal education for young people is not enough, the legal learning and legal awareness cultivation of their group have not kept up, which causes them to not be able to use legal thinking to deal with these things well when dealing with problems and solving problems. And it's easy to solve it in a simpler and rough way, which is a scary thing. (4) Subculture subculture is mainly a group of students who are alienated by school in a place where they are apathetic, lonely, lack of attention, and their own learning situation and personal future are unrelated, and gradually develop into a group that supports their non-mainstream values. Surveys show that many subcultures of students alienated from school rebel against the education system. This subcultural group develops faster than individual outliers. Therefore, such a subcultural group will be the soil for their individual detachment, and the deviating individuals of scattered individuals will gradually merge together, and finally form this subcultural organization. If the influence of subcultures is not taken into account, the correction of individual deviant behavior has little effect. The key is to remove the soil that produces subcultures. An important aspect of subcultural groups is their subcultural circle, which is a pattern of behavior. In this circle, these violent ways of resolving conflicts and conflicts will be collectively regarded as righteous, manly acts, and even the preferred solution for most people. And when this subculture is used to resolve various social conflicts in society, it becomes a crime. 3. Social environment factors (1) The bad communication environment between peers can affect a person or change a person. There are contacts between groups of teenagers, which is also a normal social phenomenon. There are many benefits to normal interpersonal interactions, but there are also drawbacks to these interactions. Each child comes from a different family, the education and influence of the family, so that each child in the process of interacting with people his cognitive level and ideological consciousness has a great difference, as the saying goes, near Zhu Zhi Chi, near Ink Black also has a certain truth, from this point of view the impact of the environment on a person is very important. The reason why some teenagers embark on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes is also due to the consequences of long-term interaction with some peers with bad ideology and morality, inverted values and concepts of right and wrong, and weak legal awareness. (2) The drawbacks of the cultural market In today's society, the cultural market is uneven, and there are many complex elements, and all kinds of bad culture also quietly penetrate into the group of teenagers, such as the cruel clips of some film and television programs; Some news materials are improperly misleading; Some online pornographic propaganda; Bad customs such as pornography, gambling and drugs in society are all exposed to young people, and these are the direct causes that lead them to embark on the road of breaking the law and committing crimes. And it is precisely because we lack sufficient management and restraint of the cultural market, insufficient inspection, insufficient handling, and insufficient guidance, which can easily lead the group of adolescents whose mental development is not yet complete to go astray. (3) Incompatibility with social lifeMoral socialization refers to the influence of minors in social life, affected by all aspects of society, school and family, so that the moral code of conduct generally recognized by society is integrated into the conscious behavior norms of each teenager, and every time when dealing with and solving problems, it is like a conditioned reflex to make correct judgments and handling. This is an important one. But if we want minors to really do this, we need to spend a lot of effort to permeate this concept into the growth of adolescents all the time and naturally, if they are planted in their hearts like seeds. At the same time, the socialization of law is also a crucial point, which requires young people not only to understand and be familiar with the law, but also to use legal weapons to maintain their own consciousness. That means that the law must take root in the heart, only if they have a strong sense of law, they will judge a problem more rationally, think about some things with rational thinking, and solve problems in a more scientific way. Don't let outside factors interfere with our judgment or decision. Only when the legal awareness is enhanced, as long as you think more about the consequences when you encounter things, you will not blindly advance, just for a while, so that a considerable part of illegal and criminal acts can be reduced. Children's psychology is a blank piece of paper, their social behavior depends on the day after tomorrow, after gradually moving towards adulthood, the mind can mature, and in the minor, they are easy to imitate the behavior of adults. (4) Why do two people who live in the same social environment and have the same living conditions in the same social environment and various living conditions go to crime while the other does not? We say that bad genetics, bad family education and school education, etc., will make it possible to commit crimes, but it is not absolute, what he thinks and thinks is easy to turn into action under the action of external forces, and the influence on his heart is also crucial. Some ugly phenomena in society appear from different angles and at different times, and they have been exposed to criminal culture for a long time, which has led to the occurrence of juvenile delinquency. For example, the body's immunity, some people are easily infected and spread by the virus, while some people's resistance is very tenacious and the body is very healthy. In the same way, illegal and criminal acts will occur in some young people, and disease is equivalent to illegal and criminal acts here. This behavior has a profound impact on the adolescent group. With the continuous development and progress of society, many criminal acts have also arisen, and they have become more and more complex and serious.

Third, preventive measures for adolescents in the new era

(1) In view of the shortcomings in family and school education in the current society, the improvement of the family and school environment should start from its roots, strengthen positive and positive education, correctly guide the vast number of young people to establish correct values and outlook on life, further enhance the legal awareness of young people, schools should be closely linked with families, so that the education of the vast number of young people is on a good track, try to avoid the disconnect between school education and family education, and use a more scientific education management system; Better promote the all-round development of young people's moral, intellectual, physical and aesthetic development, and truly fundamentally curb and prevent minors from joining the ranks of breaking the law and committing crimes. Only when parents' own quality is improved and their education level is improved, will their children's education be on the right path. The relationship between children and parents should be handled well, do not blindly manage, should give them more reasonable space and time, with good behavior to drive them, every word and deed may help them, as long as there are parents to pay attention and attention, children's education will have a qualitative improvement. (2) In-prison education for juveniles serving prison sentences Because the juvenile group is more malleable, it is still necessary to adhere to the principle of education and guidance for juveniles serving sentences, and punishment as an auxiliary principle, better implementation of rescue measures, and better help them grow up and return to society. First of all, the detention of juvenile groups should be different from other incarcerated groups, which is conducive to the healthy physical and mental development of adolescents, and can also create a positive living and learning environment for them, so that they have more space and conditions to rehabilitate; Secondly, they should be actively guided to work hard to correct the distorted psychology and slowly develop a sound personality, adolescents are the age to develop good habits and form personality, channel their bad psychological emotions, and help them consciously resist the struggle of bad thoughts in the process; Finally, they should cultivate their survival skills so that they can adapt to society as soon as possible after serving their sentences, in fact, for young people, interpersonal conflicts and bad partners are often the main causes of their crimes, so how to get along with others is also the top priority in society, more participation in labor and cultivation of their own hands-on ability, but also can adapt to society as soon as possible. (3) Correctional supervision of juveniles sentenced to suspended sentences, as the main force in the future construction and development of the country, so the problem of juvenile crime should be paid more attention to, and active measures should be taken, and prevention work should be done well at the same time as correction and supervision work, so as to play a better role. [ ] First, establish probation supervision institutions and follow up and supervise them in a timely manner, and such institutions that are specifically responsible for juvenile group probation offenders should conduct regular inspections of juvenile probation offenders, and at the same time do a good job of handing over with the courts; Secondly, special educational institutions should be established to strengthen supervision and correction, if the correct guidance is not obtained during the correction, the opportunity for education is missed at the critical moment of adolescent growth, which also hinders the future development of adolescents, so they should also be trained and educated in professional professional ability during the correctional period of juvenile probation, so that they can master a quick ability to adapt to society. (4) Create a good community education environmentFirst, the community should strengthen the moral education of young people, and improve the character and integrity of young people and promote the formation of healthy personalities by carrying out various moral education activities that are entertaining and educational. For example, communities can set up various youth interest groups and volunteer service teams to carry out loving activities to help widows and widows and help the poor, environmental protection activities to save resources and recycle waste, civility and etiquette education, and love and dedication to work. Civic morality building activities such as loving the country and the countryside should enhance the ideological and moral literacy of young people. Second, communities should strengthen education on the rule of law for young people, raise their awareness of the rule of law, and form a sense of reverence for the law. At present, mainland communities rarely carry out publicity and education activities on the rule of law for young people in the community, or the educational activities carried out are mere formalities. Communities can 'educate young people about the law and raise awareness of the rule of law' through fun and educational means such as knowledge contests, publicity exhibitions, lectures and moot courts.

epilogue

Adolescent groups are in the best period of their growth and development, they are not very mature physically or psychologically, so their behavior can not be done perfectly, and psychological fluctuations, weak self-control, emotional fluctuations are also more obvious, and will bring a series of adverse consequences, the family and even society will be more dangerous, if the potential for the adolescent group of these dangers are not well controlled and handled, then the consequences are unimaginable, Therefore, we need to improve the methods and prevention methods for preventing juvenile delinquency, starting from the cause, starting from the external environment, practicable, putting the physical and mental health of adolescents in a very important position, persisting in and persistently grasping and managing them. Combined with the causes of juvenile delinquency, since there are problems, then we should actively find and solve problems, and make preventive policies for the causes of juvenile groups, and target the environmental factors of family and school; After finding out the characteristics and causes of juvenile delinquency, we have concentrated our efforts on effective measures to prevent juvenile delinquency, jointly create a favorable and good environment for the growth of juveniles, and strangle crime in the "cradle".

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Executive producer: Zhang Yongjiang

Author: Ma Ronghui, 2021 graduate student majoring in criminal law at Xiangtan University Law School

Editor: Ma Ronghui

Responsible editor: Deng Xiaoyu

Reviewed: Zhang Yongjiang

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