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When I was a child, I often heard the term "Kuomintang reactionaries", which once puzzled me, isn't the Kuomintang all reactionaries? Why add three more words? Is there still something within the Kuomintang that is not reactionary? Later, I realized that there really was, and that was the left wing of the Kuomintang. The so-called "Kuomintang reactionaries" actually referred to the right wing of the Kuomintang.
The left wing of the Kuomintang represented a group of outstanding figures, such as Liao Zhongkai, Soong Ching-ling, Deng Yanda, He Xiangning, etc., who advocated cooperation with the Communist Party to jointly overthrow the rule of warlords and the oppression of foreign powers and fight for national independence.
Relatively speaking, the right wing of the Kuomintang, represented by Chiang Kai-shek, Wu Zhihui, Zhang Jingjiang, Bai Chongxi, and others, resolutely opposed the Communist Party and held a hostile attitude towards the people.
In the early days, the influence of the left wing of the Kuomintang was quite strong. In 1927, the right wing of the Kuomintang launched the Qing Party movement, Chiang Kai-shek, Bai Chongxi and others in Shanghai, Li Jishen in Guangzhou, and Wang Jingwei in Wuhan, all adopted extreme measures to slaughter a large number of Kuomintang leftists, Communist Party members, and revolutionaries.
At that time, the left wing of the Kuomintang far outnumbered the Communist Party, which is not surprising. Because at that time, the number of members of the Kuomintang reached one million, the leftists accounted for the overwhelming majority, and the total number of members of the Communist Party was only tens of thousands.
However, after 1927, the right wing of the Kuomintang gradually emerged, and the number of the left wing of the Kuomintang gradually decreased. Faced with pressure from the right wing of the Kuomintang, Deng Yanda and others founded the Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, declaring that the Chiang Kai-shek regime in Nanjing and the Wang Jingwei regime in Wuhan were illegal.
Chiang Kai-shek was the leader of the right, and Deng Yanda represented the left, and the two were the core of their respective camps. Chiang Kai-shek regarded Deng Yanda as a thorn in his eye.
In August 1931, Deng Yanda was personally persuaded by Chiang Kai-shek to abandon his political views, dissolve the Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, and proposed that Deng Yanda be the deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang army, under the commander-in-chief Chiang Kai-shek. However, Deng Yanda refused without hesitation and said firmly: "I want to safeguard righteousness for the Chinese nation!" ”
On the night of November 29, 1931, Deng Yanda was secretly killed by Chiang Kai-shek's clique in Shazigang, outside the Qilin Gate in Nanjing, at the age of 36.
The Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, co-founded by Deng Yanda and Soong Ching-ling, was later renamed several times and eventually became today's China Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party, one of the eight major democratic parties active in Chinese politics.
When the news of Deng Yanda's murder reached Soong Ching-ling's ears, she immediately went to her sister Soong Meiling's house and asked Chiang Kai-shek to interview him, hoping to know the truth and see Deng Yanda. Chiang Kai-shek could not hide the past, so he had to confess that Deng Yanda had been shot.
When Soong Ching-ling heard this, he lost his usual manners, turned over the table on the spot, and denounced Chiang Kai-shek for being shameless.
Twenty days later, she issued a public telegram strongly denouncing Chiang Kai-shek's despicable acts, stating: "The Chinese Kuomintang has long lost its status as a revolutionary clique, and it has become an unconcealable fact. Those who die of the Kuomintang are not enemies outside the party, but leaders within the party."
On December 12, 1936, an event occurred in Chinese history that shocked China and abroad, namely the Xi'an Incident, also known as the "Double 12 Incident". In order to persuade Chiang Kai-shek to change the established national policy of "bringing in foreign countries and first securing the interior," Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng launched a "military advice" to stop the civil war and unanimously resist Japan. After Chiang Kai-shek was placed under house arrest, the Kuomintang government in Nanjing and Chiang Kai-shek's wife, Soong Meiling, fell into anxiety. Soong Meiling turned to her sister Soong Ching-ling and asked her to help free Chiang Kai-shek.
Soong Ching-ling agreed, but put forward one condition: Chiang Kai-shek must follow the trend and support the anti-Japanese resistance. Song Meiling agreed to this condition at that time, so Song Qingling actively ran. On the 25th of the same month, under the leadership of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, Chiang Kai-shek accepted the idea of "stopping the civil war and uniting with the Communist Party to resist Japan"
The unanimous decision to resist Japan lifted the tension in the Xi'an Incident, and the domestic situation gradually stabilized. In order to promote the anti-Japanese cause, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party launched a second cooperation, and Soong Ching-ling played an irreplaceable role in it. Her efforts paved the way for the unification of the country and the direction of a peaceful resolution of the civil war.
During the Anti-Japanese War period, Soong Ching-ling made great efforts, not only made important contributions to the country, but also won the respect and love of the people of the whole country.
On June 19, 1949, Chairman Mao personally wrote a letter to Soong Ching-ling, inviting her to attend the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference and the founding ceremony of New China. The next day, Zhou Enlai also sent out an invitation. These two letters were brought by Deng Yingchao and specially went to Shanghai to pick up Song Qingling. On the afternoon of August 28, Soong Ching-ling arrived at Peiping Qianmen Station by train, and Chairman Mao arrived at the station early, deliberately arriving an hour earlier in order to greet her personally.
For Soong Ching-ling, the birth of New China was a historical leap forward and a great construction process. She became Vice President of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China, ranking third among the vice-presidents.
On the stage of Chinese politics, Soong Ching-ling has shown outstanding leadership. What is less well known, however, is that in the transcripts of Chairman Mao's conversations with senior Soviet leaders, Soong Ching-ling's appointment as chairman of the Central People's Government was discussed. Chairman Mao offered to make Soong Ching-ling the chairman and put him above himself. But Zhou Enlai was adamantly opposed at the time, arguing that if Chairman Mao did not assume the chairmanship, it would lead to contradictions in the country that she did not understand, and that the Kuomintang's surveillance of Soong Ching-ling could put her in danger. In the end, Chairman Mao's proposal was shelved.
On October 1, 1949, Soong Ching-ling witnessed the birth of New China on the upper floor of Tiananmen Square, following Chairman Mao, Zhu De and Liu Shaoqi. She became the only woman in the first row of the founding ceremony.
Among the first generation of leaders of New China, Soong Ching-ling held the position of not chairman, but vice chairman of the Central People's Government. However, her salary was higher than Chairman Mao's. At that time, Song Qingling received a national level salary of 579.5 yuan per month, in addition to 300 yuan per month for activities. That made her salary 269.5 yuan higher than the 610 yuan Mao Zedong received in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China.
The relationship between Chairman Mao and Soong Ching-ling was deep, and Chairman Mao called her "dear big sister" and often gave gifts. The two visited the Soviet Union together, and Chairman Mao insisted that Soong Ching-ling sit in first class and himself in second class.
Chairman Mao was deeply loved by the Chinese people, and his respect for the democratic parties also came from the heart. Soong Ching-ling's admiration and support for Chairman Mao also came from the heart.
However, on September 9, 1976, Chairman Mao died. Soong Ching-ling hurried to Beijing to attend Chairman Mao's farewell ceremony. On September 18, at the memorial service in Tiananmen Square, Soong Ching-ling had to sit down due to extreme grief and physical exhaustion, becoming the only person to sit and participate in the memorial service.
In 1981, Soong Ching-ling again applied to join the Communist Party of China in extremely weak physical condition and was approved. Just 14 days after joining the party, she died on May 29 at the age of 88. Until the last moments of her life, she still admired Sun Yat-sen and Chairman Mao, hanging pictures of the two great leaders in the living room of her residence.
In addition to serving as vice president of the Central People's Government, Soong Ching-ling has also served as vice chairman of the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, vice chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, vice president of the People's Republic of China, and honorary president of the People's Republic of China, serving as a national leader for 32 consecutive years, becoming one of only two female leaders at the national level since the founding of the People's Republic of China.
Soong Ching-ling's life was full of tenacity and indomitable spirit. She has made tremendous efforts for the liberation of the Chinese people, the health care and cultural and educational welfare of women and children, the reunification of the motherland and the maintenance of world peace, and the cause of human progress. Let's pay tribute to this great
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