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Lead:
The Three Kingdoms period was a turbulent period in Chinese history, with the Wei, Shu and Wu kingdoms contending each other, while the Yan state, a lesser-known power, existed silently. This article will take you to explore the rise and fall of the Yan kingdom and why it was overlooked by Luo Guanzhong in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms".
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the society was in turmoil, and various princes gradually emerged, and the pattern of the Three Kingdoms quietly took shape. However, the history of the Three Kingdoms as we know it is only part of the long history of this era.
To understand the true starting point of the Three Kingdoms period, we need to go back to the three historical nodes of the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Chibi, and the claim of Cao Pi as emperor. In the Battle of Guandu, Cao Cao defeated the strong with weakness and eliminated Yuan Shao's forces, and the Central Plains region entered the "final circle". After the Battle of Chibi, Liu Bei and Eastern Wu united, and the situation of the Three Kingdoms began to appear. Cao Pi ascended the throne as emperor, and the Three Kingdoms era officially came.
However, the definition of the Three Kingdoms era is not only the enthronement of the emperor, but also the power itself. Before the three major forces of Wei, Shu and Wu were officially declared emperors, it was already regarded as a situation of the Three Kingdoms. This is very different from the later "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" written by Luo Guanzhong. In order to add drama, the novel exaggerates many events, but ignores a real force - the Yan Kingdom.
The existence of the Yan Kingdom, although short-lived, has a profound historical background. The rise of this state was inseparable from a Han Dynasty official named Gongsun Du. Gongsun Du's opportunity came during Dong Zhuo's rise, and his acquaintance with his fellow countryman Xu Rong won him Dong Zhuo's support. Dong Zhuo granted Gongsun Du the right to rule the eastern Liaoning region.
At first, the local forces in Liaodong looked down on Gongsun Du, but under the protection of Dong Zhuo, he rose to prominence and became the "hegemon" of Liaodong. However, Gongsun Du's ambitions did not stop there, he attacked the surrounding nomads, expanded his territory, and even occupied parts of Liaodong and Shandong when the Yellow Turban Army was in dispute with various princes, preparing to march into the Central Plains.
This period was the heyday of Gongsun Du, and his territory was relatively stable, attracting a large number of talents, including famous generals such as Tai Shici. However, Gongsun Du's ambitions were eventually limited, and Cao Cao's unification of the north prevented his plans to advance into the Central Plains. Although Gongsun Yuan had tried to join forces with Sun Quan to rebel against the Wei state, the lack of foundations in eastern Liaoning led to the eventual demise of the Yan state and the disappearance of the fourth state from history.
Why was Yan Guo ignored by Luo Guanzhong? First of all, the Yan Kingdom existed for a short time, which was not enough to be compared with the Three Kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu. Less than a year after Gongsun Yuan established the state of Yan, it was destroyed by the state of Wei. Secondly, the strength and military strength of the Yan Kingdom were relatively weak, and they could not be compared with the Three Kingdoms. The Yan Kingdom mainly relied on 30,000 pawns, which could only be regarded as a small force in the large-scale battles of the Three Kingdoms. Finally, the Yan State had a limited sphere of influence, almost no participation in the battles in the Central Plains, and little influence on the current situation.
Summary:
Although little known about the rise and fall of the Yan Kingdom, it was also part of the Three Kingdoms era. However, its short existence, insufficient strength, and limited sphere of influence made it ignored by Luo Guanzhong in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". To leave a mark on history, it is necessary to have sufficient competence and influence. During the Three Kingdoms period, the three kingdoms of Wei, Shu and Wu had the opportunity to become hegemons, while the brilliance of the Yan kingdom was eclipsed.
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