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Today, the five marriages of King Rama X of Thailand have become the topic of conversation around the world. However, in the long history of Thailand, the marriage of King Rama X is only one small episode. His great-grandfather, Chulalongkorn the Great, was the real "Three Thousand Beautiful Harems".
Chulalongkorn, also known as Rama V, born in 1853 and Chinese Zhenglong, was the fifth king of the Chakri dynasty of Thailand, ruling for 42 years. He is known as the most enlightened monarch in Thailand's modern history, and his series of policies have laid a solid foundation for Thailand's modern civilization.
Rama V was the ninth son of Rama IV and the eldest son of his favorite queen, Ranphi Pon-lapiron. In the royal family and the people, the father's preference for a child often stems from his love for the child's mother, and this is no exception in the royal family.
However, fate is often difficult to complete. Queen Ranphi Pon-la Piron died young when King Rama V was 8 years old. Subsequently, Rama V was made crown prince. When he ascended the throne, he was just a 15-year-old teenager.
As for marriage, Rama V was rich and prosperous, with more than 90 concubines, more than 70 sons, and countless daughters. However, in that era, many children had difficulty living to adulthood, so Rama V actually had only 33 sons and 44 daughters.
Rama V had four queens, all of whom were his half-sisters. They are: Queen Suranta, Queen Sukuyan Marashi, Queen Sawangwathana and Queen Chaowa Papenghi. In terms of age, the dates of birth of these four queens are not much different.
Queen Su was born in 1860 and died untimely in 1880 at the age of 20 due to drowning. Queen Sukuyan Marashi was born in 1861 and died in 1927 at the age of 66. Queen Sawangwathana was born in 1862 and died in 1955 at the age of 93. Queen Chaowa Papenghi was born in 1864 and died in 1919 at the age of 55.
Of the four queens, Rama V's favorite was Queen Suran. However, fate was ill-fated, and Su Nan died young as her queen. In 1881, Su said that her queen was pregnant and was on a boat trip with her harem sisters when her daughter fell into the water. Su murmured that her queen rushed to the rescue, but was also swept into the water. At that time, Thailand's royal law stipulated that ordinary people were not allowed to touch the queen, and violators would be beheaded, so no one dared to go into the water to save them, and the queen and her daughter could only immerse themselves in the water.
This tragedy devastated King Rama V, who then turned his mind to Queen Chaova Papenghi. Rama V made her Queen Liren because he favored her so much that he even passed the throne to Queen Liren's eldest son, Rama VI. Rama VII, on the other hand, was the youngest son of Queen Liren.
However, neither Rama VI nor Rama VII had any heirs, and the throne eventually passed to the descendants of Queen Shawangwathana. Although Queen Sawangwathana's son never ascended the throne, her grandsons Rama VIII and Rama IX became kings of Thailand. The father of Rama VIII and Rama IX, Prince Songkhla, was the son of Queen Sawan Wathana.
The descendants of Rama V's two sons, Prince Yukun and Prince Jidiakhon, are also very noteworthy. The descendants of Prince Yukun formed the Yukun royal family, and Princess Songsawali's mother was the granddaughter of Prince Yukun. One of the granddaughters of Prince Gitiakorn was Queen Sirikit, and one of the grandsons was the father of Princess Songsawari. Princess Songsawali's father was the older brother of Queen Sirikit.
Thus, the Thai royal family today are all descendants of King Rama V, including:
Queen Sirikit, Rama X and Princess Songsawari, among others.
Looking back at history, there was a movie called "Anna and the King", which tells the love story between Anna, a British teacher, and the King of Thailand. However, the film is actually based on Margaret Langdon's novel Anna and the King of Siam. Margaret Langdon's novel is based on Anna Leonowens' memoir "The English Teacher in the Palace of Siam".
In the novel, Anna Leonowens implicitly reveals Rama IV's feelings for her. However, the Thai royal family never acknowledged the love story. Thailand's Press Supervision Commission even allowed only the 1946 version of the film Anna and the King to be shown in Thailand, while other versions were banned.
As the sages said, Margaret Langdon's novels and later films made the story between Rama V and Ana Leonowens known. It was precisely because of the influence of British female teachers that Rama V possessed advanced Western ideas, which enabled Chulalongkorn the Great to strive for governance, reform and enterprising, and finally opened the process of modernizing Thailand. If not, Thailand today may remain stagnant and unable to modernize.
To sum up, Rama V, as an outstanding monarch in Thai history, not only implemented a series of political reforms that laid the foundation for the country's modernization, but also experienced many joys and sorrows in the family. His marriage and harem life have become part of history, but it is worth remembering that it was his foresight and determination that enabled Thailand to become a prosperous modern nation.
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