#秋日生活打卡季#
Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov was an important political figure in the late Soviet Union, born on September 28, 1929 in the village of Djerievka, Dzerzhinsky District, Donetsk Region, Ukrainian SSR.
After graduating from this mechanical engineering institute in 1950, Ryzhkov entered the local Ural Heavy Machinery Plant, where he successively served as a technician, engineer, chief engineer, plant director and other positions.
In 1975, Ryzhkov became the First Deputy Minister of Heavy Industry and Transport Machinery Industry of the USSR;
In 1979, he was promoted to first deputy chairman of the State Planning Committee of the USSR;
In 1982, he was promoted to Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU and concurrently served as the head of the Economic Department of the Central Committee of the CPSU;
In 1985, he was officially promoted to the tenth chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, the youngest chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR since Malenkov, the fifth chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
During his term of office, Ryzhkov, who was already terminally ill in the Soviet Union, actively participated in various reforms and tried to save the building. However, serious disagreements arose between Ryzhkov and Soviet supreme leader Mikhail Gorbachev on specific reform guidelines, which eventually led to his "retirement" in January 1991.
Subsequently, this post of Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR was also abolished and replaced by the post of Prime Minister. So Ryzhkov became the last chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR.
After the collapse of the Soviet Union, Ryzhkov first fell silent for a while, and then remained active in the politics of the Russian Federation, officially serving as a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation in 1995 and as the leader of the "People's Power" caucus; In 2003, he became a member of the Federal Council.
To this day, Ryzhkov is still alive and well at the age of 93 and retains some influence in Russian politics.
On July 21, 2014, by decree of the President of the Russian Federation, Ryzhkov was awarded the Order of Merit to the Fatherland of the 1st degree, while before that he had already received the Order of Merit to the Fatherland of the 4th degree and the Order of Honor.
While busy in politics, Ryzhkov also used his spare time to write, and wrote three books: "The History of Betrayal - A Secret Record of Soviet Perestroika", "A Decade of Great Turmoil", and "The Tragedy of Great Powers: The Causes and Consequences of the Collapse of the Soviet Union". All three books have been published by domestic publishers.
Among them, the book "The Great Turbulent Decade" is mainly Ryzhkov's recollection and reflection on the many reforms made during the time of Mikhail Gorbachev, the last supreme leader of the Soviet Union.
In his book, Ryzhkov details the situation of Gorbachev's reforms and analyzes the reasons for their failure. It also gives readers a detailed account of the process of the collapse of the Soviet Union, as well as their views on the nascent Russian Federation and how to get out of it.
Ryzhkov devoted much ink to sharply criticizing Gorbachev and his reforms.
And in "The Tragedy of Great Powers; In the book "The Causes and Consequences of the Collapse of the Soviet Union", Ryzhkov gives a detailed and comprehensive introduction to how the Soviet superpower gradually moved towards the point of no return of disintegration from a unique perspective. The causes and consequences of each event, as well as the internal logic, are shown by Ryzhkov with more vivid brushstrokes.
In the book, Ryzhkov speaks of self-pity about the good things of the former Soviet Union and the ill-known evils of the current republics, and he generally disdains the democratization movements of the member countries, and especially denounces the treachery of the three Baltic states. Constant complaints about the failure of the USSR to take tough measures to prevent its disintegration.
Finally, in "The History of Betrayal: The Secret of Soviet Perestroika", Ryzhkov clearly shows readers the various situations on the eve of the collapse of the Soviet Union from the perspective of witnesses, and at the same time describes the real social situation of the Soviet Union at that time from the perspective of the inside out.
In the process of reading, readers can clearly feel a deep sense of powerlessness, and subconsciously feel that the Soviet Union at that time was terminally ill and immortals were difficult to save.
The title of the book is "The History of Betrayal", and after reading it, many readers will not help but ponder whether the so-called betrayal here refers to the betrayal of the people by the Soviet Union, or the betrayal of the Soviet Union by the people?