When you think of the king of the dead country, who comes to mind?
is the arrogant and extravagant people such as King Shang, King You of Zhou, Qin II, Chen Shubao, Li Houzhu, and Emperor Huizong of Song; It is an ambitious and unrealistic faint prince like Wang Mang or Yang Guang; or puppets like Emperor Xian of Han, Emperor Zhaozong of Tang, Emperor Xiaojing of Eastern Wei, Guangxu and Puyi of the Qing Dynasty, etc.; There are also former Zhao Liu Yao, Ran Wei Ran Min and other defeated and captured and humiliated deaths; Or is it a tough guy like Li Congke, the late Tang Emperor, Emperor Yuan of Liang, and Emperor Chongzhen of the Ming Dynasty, who died in order to die Mingzhi?
Speaking of the king of the fallen country, we often regret that the Sui Emperor will be strong in his life but desperately take a campaign against Goguryeo, resulting in the insecurity of the late festival; We will seek action for the sake of youthful ambition, and Tang Zhaozong, who has to bow to fate after experiencing countless inadequacies in middle age, and finally breaks the jar and breaks is not worth it; In order to be diligent in government affairs, the Chongzhen Emperor, who thrifty and held the country, could not help the generals of the building and was indignant at the trick of fate.
No, these are just the images of the king of the dead country portrayed in the annals of history, there was a king of the dead country, gathered the broken country, survived under the iron hooves of the peak Mongol Empire for more than ten years, the country broke mountains and rivers, with the flesh as a torch, exhausted the heart to maintain, when the dream of reproducing the glory of the ancestors was broken by thousands of Mongolian ponies again and again, he still used unwillingness as a spear, against the unjust fate, he did everything to unite the people around him who could unite, In the end, he was defeated by a powerful enemy that was almost undefeated in the thirteenth century, hanged himself on the occasion of the death of the country, and the body was divided into two parts and divided between the Southern Song Dynasty and Mongolia, just as the country he guarded with his life ceased to exist.
He is the Jin Laizong, an unknown Yellow Emperor, and his lack of fame may be because of the innate resistance of the Han people to the Jin people because of the difficulties of Jingkang, and they are unwilling to understand, so it is so.
Jin Moizong
Jin Weizong finished Yan Shouxu and was originally a son, but after his father Jin Xuanzong's crown prince Yan Shouzhong and grandson Yan Keng died successively, he was made crown prince. At that time, the Dajin Empire was in a process of rapid decline, and since 1211, hundreds of thousands of Jurchen elites of the Jin Kingdom and Mongolia faced off at the peak of the Wild Fox Ridge, and after being defeated by the Mongols, the Jin Kingdom, which once swept the world, rapidly declined. The Battle of Wild Fox Ridge not only interrupted the backbone of the Jin State, but also aggravated the chaos and contradictions within the Jin State, and the high-level of the Jin State was chaotic because of the defeat of the Wild Fox Ridge, and after a series of coups and cannibalism, Jin Xuanzong was proclaimed a king, when the Jin State was in decline, and the situation it faced at that time was somewhat similar to the situation after Yan was defeated by Northern Wei in the Battle of Shenhepi.
The territory of the Jin Kingdom is mainly divided into two parts, including the land of Longxing, the Great Northeast, and the rich land of North China and Henan, but the Liaodong Corridor, which connects the two places, is easily broken by nomadic tribes from the steppe, and Northern Yan is cut off by Northern Wei and goes to extinction. Nine hundred years later, the Kingdom of Jin faced the same dilemma, and after the defeat of Wild Fox Ridge, the northwest of the capital of the Kingdom of Jin was almost completely exposed to the Mongol Iron Horse, and there was no danger to defend. Therefore, after Jin Xuanzong came to the throne, he faced the urgent matter of moving the capital. At that time, there were not many options available to Jin Xuanzong, either to return to the northeast to work hard and start again, or to move south to the former Northern Song Dynasty, with the rich materials of the Central Plains, he could barely support for one or two decades, and continue to indulge in the rest of his life after the disaster.
Since ancient times, human nature has been from frugality to luxury, from luxury to thrift. Therefore, faced with this choice question, Jin Xuanzong did not hesitate for too long, so he chose to move south, and as for the location of moving the capital, it was naturally Bianliang, Tokyo, the former capital of the Northern Song Dynasty. This place has canals, grain, a suitable climate, and a mixture of people. Obviously, it is more suitable for enjoyment than the neighboring grassland, so in the year after his accession to the throne, Jin Xuanzong hurriedly signed a peace treaty with Mongolia, and regardless of the eyes of the world, moved the capital to Bianliang, opening the last stage of the Jin kingdom until its decline.
Jin Xuanzong moved the capital
Soon, the Mongol army continued to attack the hinterland of the Jin state, and a year after moving the capital, that is, in mid-1215, it all fell, and the entire northern China region was exposed to the iron horses of the Mongol cavalry, and Puxian Wannu in the northeast rebelled against Jin and self-reliant, occupying Xianping (present-day Kaiyuan City, Liaoning Province), Tokyo, Shenzhou and other places, and established the Eastern Xia regime. Fortunately, at that time, Mongolia's center of gravity was placed on the west, and Genghis Khan, after defeating the Jin State and relieving his worries, chose to lead the Mongol army all the way to the west, conquer the Western Regions, and destroy Western Liao and Khorezm. Only part of the main force was left in the Central Plains, including Mu Huali and others.
With the few remaining main forces of the Jin State retreating south to the south of the Yellow River, the Han people in North China lost their armed barrier, and had to follow the example of the northern Han people during the Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms period to form a village to protect themselves, these people were sandwiched between Mongolia and the Jin State, basically in a state of anarchic management, seeing that the Jin State was getting weaker, naturally had other ideas, so Shi Bingzhi, Shi Tianni father and son and Zhang Rou and other Han armed forces did not bother to join the Mongolian camp, with Mongolia's operation in North China, step by step towards the big river, In the future, it will soon be able to hit the Yellow River.
Seeing this, Jin Xuanzong also followed the example of Mongolia in drawing over the Han armed forces in Shandong and Hebei, sealing the Nine Dukes, and the Duke of Hejian moved all the family slaves, Hengshan Gong Wuxian and others, which had little effect. Jin Xuanzong's successor to the throne of the powerful minister Shuhu Gao Qi, jealous of virtuous ability, abuse of power for personal gain, a large number of wise ministers were eradicated by him, and the Jin dynasty was still as chaotic as ever. Not only that, Jin Xuanzong also offended the Southern Song Dynasty in the south, and the matter was probably like this, with the decline of the Jin State, there were different voices within the Southern Song Dynasty, and the main faction advocated stopping the tribute to the attack, and then using this as an excuse to help the Jin State and join the Jin against Mongolia. The other faction is the traditional Lianmeng Annihilation Gold to avenge Jingkang's shame.
At this time, any wise monarch will choose to give up the years coin, after all, the strength is no longer allowed at this time, and then unite with the Southern Song Dynasty to fight against the Mongols at the top of Mount Tai in the north. However, Jin Xuanzong was biased, thinking that although the military strength of the Jin State was not as good as that of the Mongols, it was still more than enough to fight the Southern Song Dynasty, so Jin Xuanzong was furious at the Southern Song Dynasty's behavior of not accepting the coins, and directly sent troops to destroy the Song, and under the undeclared war, the Jin army achieved a great advantage at the beginning, all the way to Keguangshan, Luoshan, Xingzhou and other cities, killing nearly 20,000 Song troops. Then the Song army fully counterattacked, and the Jin army continued to fight unfavorably, and wanted to ask for peace, but the Southern Song had been pushed by the Jin State to the Mongol camp, so the Jin State was embattled, and the situation was already too bad to be worse.
Jin Xuanzong tossed blindly for ten years, and then ended up depressed, giving him an evaluation that he was diligent all his life, but what the world was most afraid of was that such an important person insisted on being diligent on the wrong path. Jin Xuanzong tossed for a lifetime, leaving Jin Weizong with a broken mess. At that time, how bad was the environment faced by the Jin Dynasty, the Jin Kingdom could basically be said to be on the line, and the land of North China had almost completely fallen, leaving only Wuxian and others to stick to the Xinxiang area. The Southern Song Dynasty in the south had already made an iron heart to unite with the Mongols to destroy Jin, and the land of the Jin State was only Henan, Shaanxi and parts of Shandong, the domestic people were panicked, the supporters were getting fewer and fewer, the good fighting army was basically exhausted, the dynasty government was abandoned for many years, and the Yu Chens were in the dynasty, it can be said that the environment faced by the Jin State at that time was much worse than when Chongzhen took the throne.
Territory during the accession of Emperor Jin to the throne
As a hot-blooded young man, Jin Laizong was also full of enthusiasm after assuming the throne, wanting to help the general of the building and save the old country from danger. After assuming the throne, he immediately began to carry out drastic reforms, first changing the close ministers around him, appointing Yan Sai not as a Pingzhang government, Chizhan Hexi as a privy councillor, and the imperial government was completely new. Then promote martial generals with strong reuse ability, such as Wu Xian, Wanyan Chen Monk, Guo Shrimp Toad, Wanyan Heda, Xu Ding and others.
In particular, the section of vigorously arranging the public discussion and promoting the monk Chengyan Chen, who was still in prison at that time, is particularly touching. At that time, Jin Weizong said: "There is a sue that you killed people by personal grievances, your brother died, I lost a famous general, and now because of your brother, I forgive you in vain, and there will be people in the world who will talk about me." In the future, you will work hard to build a reputation, and the country will receive your strong support, and the people of the world will always think that I am not pardoning you at will. "The words are sad, the monk Yan Chen is in tears, moved beyond words, when the country is broken and the family dies, the two people support each other in order to achieve each other, and finally the monk Yan Chen also gave everything for this oath.
Finish Yan Chen monk
Under the governance of Jin Laizong, the lights that had been extinguished were revived, especially the monk Chen, who had finished Yan, in the absence of soldiers, organized hundreds of loyal and filial piety troops who did not share with Mongolia, and went west to Tongguan, and in the battle of Dachangyuan, the army was afraid to move forward, and Monk Chen led the loyal and filial piety army of 400 cavalry to fight, breaking the number of 8,000 Mongol soldiers, and achieved the first great victory in the sixteen or seven years of the war with the Mongols, which boosted the morale of the whole country of Dajin. After that, the Mongol Shi Tianze besieged Weizhou, the only stronghold north of the Yellow River in the Jin State, and the Jin State army dispatched all lines to relieve the siege, and the monk Yan Chen took advantage of the frontal tug-of-war of the main force, led the army around the rear, and directly defeated Shi Tianze. After that, Su Butai attacked the Central Plains from Shaanxi, and the monk Chen acted as the vanguard in the valley, truly defeating the main Mongol forces. Coupled with the hard work of Wuxian and others, Jin Guo struggled to maintain under the attack of Meng Song.
Some countries, in order to survive, have done their best. This sentence can be tried to apply to the strange Jin Guo.
With the change of dynasty on the Mongolian side, Genghis Khan died of illness after destroying Western Xia, ending an extremely glorious life. His successor, Wokuotai, had a different approach than his father Genghis Khan, who liked to gallop across the steppe, while Wokotai liked to establish a court. Therefore, the focus of Wokuotai Khan was on the destruction of the Jin Kingdom, which was almost a disaster for the Jin Wai Sect, which was already struggling to maintain.
In 1231, the army of the three routes of Wokuotai went south, intending to complete the battle, led by Tuo Lei to the right army, from Baoji through Dasanguan, through the Qinling Mountains to the Hanzhong Basin, and then borrowed the road from the Southern Song Dynasty, advanced east along the Han River, entered Henan through Ankang, and circled from Dengzhou, and attacked the hinterland of the Jin Kingdom. The Eastern Route Army, led by Hui Chijin, attacked Jinan from northern China, and then passed through the Shandong region and penetrated directly into the rear of the Jinguo side. The Central Route Army, under the personal command of Wo Kuotai, crossed the river near Luoyang and then directly attacked Bianjing head-on.
Wokuotai extinguishing gold
In the face of such a strong arrangement of the Mongol army, Jin Laizong did not have enough troops and manpower to deal with it, so he could only keep fighting fires, and save where it was in danger. First of all, the Central Route Army led by Wo Kuotai pushed all the way flat, and the Jin Army sent troops along the north bank of the Yellow River to defend it. Immediately after dragging the thunder army directly into Dengzhou in the rear of the Jin State, as a great trouble for his henchmen, the Jin Moi Sect sent all the main generals to meet the enemy, including the monk Wanyan Chen, Wanyan Heda, Wuxian and others. However, because the Jin army did not have a unity of opinion internally, the Mongol army did not immediately block when crossing the Han water, and when the Jin army crossed the Han water and faced the Central Plains of a horse Pingchuan, it was almost impossible to stop it, because the Mongol army was too mobile, and it was difficult for the Jin army to compete with it. Dragging the mine several times made a flexible move, which made Jin Jun dizzy.
However, when the southern war situation fell into a fight, the middle army of Wokuotai had broken through the defense of the Jin army and successfully crossed the river, and the army was getting closer and closer to Bianjing, the capital of the Jin state. At this time, the Jin Wei Sect had no other way but to transfer the army to solve the urgent need, and the only thing that could be adjusted at that time was the complete Yan Heda, whether it could be adjusted or not, it could only be it, and when it came to life and death, it could only take one step to see one step.
However, the Mongol army lurking near the Jin army, waiting for Yan Heda to lead the army out of the city, when it was learned that the Jin army went north to Qinwang, Tuo Lei led the army to ambush on the necessary road in advance, this place is a jujube forest in the Sanfeng Mountain, the Mongol army ambushed in the forest for three or four days, did not show the slightest flaw, and when the tired Jin army from the snow reached the Sanfeng Mountain, the Mongol army quickly dispatched, the Jin army almost had no power to fight back, but the siege must be lacking, the Mongol army slaughtered the Jin army at the same time, but also released a gap to Junzhou, Finish Yan Heda and Finish Yan Chen monk led more than a thousand people and horses to flee, and the remaining army, except for Wuxian's subordinates, escaped by chance, and the rest of the army was destroyed. And the remnants of the Jin army, which fled to Junzhou, also faced the continued siege of the Mongol army, and in the end, the Jin army ran out of ammunition and food, and was attacked by the Mongols, and Yan Heda was killed in battle, and the monk Yan Chen was defeated and killed, and in this battle, the last elite of the Jin army was lost.
Battle of Mount Sanfeng
Then after Wuxian fled to Nanyang, he collected more than 100,000 defeated soldiers everywhere, and then rushed to King Qin of Bianjing, Jin Niezong used Wuxian to be in charge of the military, and then faced with the Mongol army besieging from all directions, he could only trap the lonely city, at that time Bianjing City had a population of one or two million, besieged by Mongolia for nearly a year, the city lacked water and food, the plague was rampant, and as many as 900,000 corpses were transported out that year, plus the poor who died of poverty, this number is immeasurable, estimated to be as much as 1.5 million, and finally after the destruction of Bianjing City, Tokyo, which was once densely populated, It's almost a dead city.
In the winter of 1232, after nearly a year of stubborn defense, Emperor Jin knew that Kaifeng could no longer be held, so he took advantage of the freezing of the Yellow River, broke through from the north, crossed the river, and then made another circle and fled to Guide, which is today's Shangqiu.
But the Mongol army followed like a shadow, and soon could only be trapped in Guide, just in time for the internal strife of the Jin army, the situation was critical, but Jin Laizong could not do anything, at this time Wuxian, who was wandering in western Henan, had a whim and felt that the Central Plains could not be held, so he planned to take the Shu land of the Southern Song Dynasty, and then take Jin Laizong to Bashu to divide the territory. However, Wuxian's rabble was defeated by Meng Huan, and the last way of life of the Jin Laizong was gone, and he could only be displaced in the southeast of Henan.
The Jin army is trapped in the beast
Now that the outcome was set, there was nothing more to say, and in the months that Jin Weizong returned to Germany, he also quelled the rebellion of his men and fought a small victory. During this period, the city of Luoyang was broken, and the defenders of Luoyang led the remnants to flee to Caizhou, and Jin Aizong was restrained on all sides of Guide, and also led the remnants to the end of fate, Caizhou, through Bozhou. Subsequently, the Mongol army surrounded again, and Jin Weizong had nowhere to stay, and wanted to ask the Southern Song for help, but because of his father's sins, the Southern Song refused and could only choose to meet death.
In 1234, after besieging Caizhou for several months, both the Mongol and Song armies came, Meng Hun and other famous generals brought grain and grass to help the Mongol army attack the city, the Jin army was unable to defend, Jin Weizong passed the throne to Yan Chenglin when the city was broken, and then committed suicide and martyrdom, and then the city of Caizhou was broken, and the Jin state perished.
Regarding the temple number after the death of Jin Laizong, it is the advice of the ministers after his death. However, the later Minister of Jin Guo felt that Emperor Laizong could not summarize his life at all, so he changed it to "Yizong", personally felt that this nickname was indeed more representative of his life, he did his best, his personal ability and means were very strong, he did his best, and he did not make any big mistakes, actively encouraged agricultural production, respected Kong and Confucianism, united the people, opened up his words, reformed politics, eradicated traitors, stopped the war of aggression against the Song Dynasty, rectified armaments, recovered lost territory, reused virtuousness, and did everything he could, but it was a pity that this ending happened.
Caizhou City broke
With the actions and abilities of the Golden Mourning Sect, it can be regarded as at least the best among the emperors of ancient and modern times. It can be said that there is almost nothing better than the Jin Moizong of the fallen kingdom in history, but the situation is a matter of time, and the day does not wait for what he does, and in the end, like most of the state governments in the entire Eurasian continent in the thirteenth century, they were engulfed by the brutal Mongol iron horse under the dust of history.
So, it's a pity ~