10th, James Sidis. It is said that he taught himself Latin at the age of 2, Greek at the age of 3, Homeric at the age of 4, could read Homer's epic poems in Greek, passed the MIT entrance test at the age of 8, and officially entered Harvard University at the age of 11, where he was proficient in advanced mathematics and celestial sports. Probably due to premature education and fame, Sidis was under great pressure. As an adult, he avoided math and worked only in manual work. As a result, Sidis did not achieve anything in his life that matched his IQ, and ended up destitute, dying of a cerebral hemorrhage at the age of 46.
9th place, Nikola Tesla. He was a man who was truly ahead of his time. He is a truly talented engineer who has obtained more than 700 invention patents in his lifetime. His improvements to alternating current were as outstanding as Watt's improvements to the steam engine. Tesla was an inventive man who never married and had no children and died of heart failure at the age of 86.
8th place, von Neumann. It is the man who laid the structure of the electronic computer, known as the father of modern computers and the father of game theory. Von Neumann was a child prodigy from an early age and could converse in ancient Greek at the age of 6. By the age of 8, von Neumann was already familiar with calculus.
7th place, Turing. Considered the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence. In honor of his great contributions to computer science, the American Computer Association established the annual Turing Award in 1966 to recognize those who have made outstanding contributions to computer science. The Turing Award is known as the Nobel Prize in computing. In 1954, the 42-year-old genius committed suicide.
6th place, Euler. Euler is one of the greatest mathematicians in history and the most prolific mathematician in the history of mathematics, writing an average of more than 800 pages of papers per year and producing a collection of 92 volumes. In mathematics and physics, many functions, equations, formulas, identities, numbers, or other mathematical entities are named after Euler.
5th place, Archimedes. He enjoys the reputation of the father of mechanics, and is listed as one of the world's three major mathematicians along with Gauss and Newton. Archimedes was not only a theoretical genius, but also an engineering genius. Archimedes' work on geometry was the pinnacle of Greek mathematics, and his mathematical ideas already included calculus. Renaissance Leonardo da Vinci and Galileo and others used him as their role models.
4th place, Gauss. It was a man who was printed on Deutsche Mark and a postage stamp. The genius of mathematicians around the world in the first half of the 19th century, one of the greatest mathematicians in history, enjoys the reputation of the prince of mathematics. At the age of 9, he can quickly calculate the sum of the natural numbers 1-100 using the formula for summing the series of equal differences. At the age of 11 , he was able to derive the general expansion of the binomial theorem. At the age of 17, he discovered the prime number distribution theorem and the least squares method. At the age of 19, he was the first to successfully prove that regular heptagons can be graphed with rulers, solving a problem that has existed in the history of mathematics for more than 2,000 years. At the age of only 21, he completed the epoch-making work "The Study of Arithmetic". His research on surface science led Riemann to create Riemann geometry and induced Einstein's general theory of relativity in the 20th century.
3rd place, Leonardo da Vinci. One of the most famous artists of all time, creating many masterpieces such as The Last Supper, Mona Lisa. Leonardo da Vinci was not just an artist, he was a scientist, mathematician, inventor, and biologist. He is one of the most diverse geniuses in our human history. Helicopters, parachutes, diving equipment, tanks, and more were conceptualized in Leonardo da Vinci's manuscripts nearly 600 years ago. Leonardo da Vinci is considered the ancestor of modern physiological anatomy.
2nd place, Newton. Newton was probably the greatest and most influential scientist of all time. Pioneering work on laws formed the basis of modern physics. Newton was an encyclopedic all-rounder who achieved frightening achievements in mechanics, mathematics, optics, heat, astronomy, and more. Newton's magnum opus, The Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, ushered in the era of big science. The description of the laws of gravitation and the three laws of motion became the basis of modern engineering. His law of gravitation and Copernicus' heliocentric theory laid the theoretical foundation for modern astronomy. To this day, the calculation of the launch and orbit of artificial earth satellites, rockets, and spacecraft is still based on this theory.
1st place, Einstein. These four words are synonymous with genius, who is considered the greatest scientist of the 20th century. The German-born physicist is best known for his two theories of relativity. His discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect became a key step in explaining the evolution of quantum theory in nature, and this contribution alone would rank him as one of the pioneers of quantum mechanics, the two pillars of modern physics, of general relativity and quantum mechanics.
The three major conceptual revolutions of physics in the 20th century, special relativity, general relativity, and quantum mechanics. Two and a half of these were Einstein's contributions. Based on Einstein's great contribution to science, it was also selected by Time magazine as the "Great Man of the Century" of the 20th century.