Text|A pedestrian who wants to break his soul
Editor|Pedestrians who want to break their souls
preface
Modernity is a concept closely related to the progress of human society and the development of thinking, with the emergence of the nineteenth-century philosopher Hegel, the understanding and critique of modernity became more in-depth, his focus on freedom, reason and historical development, trying to reveal the relationship between the individual and society, however, the postmodernist trend of the late twentieth century attracted widespread attention with its questioning and deconstruction of modernity.
Hegel is very concerned about the development and change of modernity, first of all, he emphasizes the value of freedom and reason, believes that human freedom is the most important value of modern society, in the Principles of Legal Philosophy, he believes that freedom is the basis for individuals to achieve their own goals and pursue happiness, in addition, he also advocates the development and application of reason, that reason is an important tool for human beings to solve problems and guide practice, in his view, reason and freedom are inseparable, the two are interdependent and mutually reinforcing.
Hegel pays attention to the relationship between individual freedom and the social contract, he believes that the free development of the individual needs to be realized through the social contract, the relationship between the individual and society is interdependent, the social contract provides the basis and boundary for the free practice of the individual, Hegel emphasizes the importance of individual freedom, but also recognizes that individual freedom needs to be realized under the constraints of social norms and values.
Postmodernism believes that history has ended and postmodernity has arrived, Foucault believes that postmodernity is a social and cultural state in which power, technology, and consumerism become dominant, and postmodernism criticizes the rationalism and scientism of modernity, arguing that modernity cannot solve human problems and challenges.
The boundaries and possibilities of free practice are the focus of discussion between Hegel and postmodernism, which focuses on the relationship between individual freedom and social contract, while postmodernism emphasizes the restriction of individual freedom by social norms and power relations, both of which are faced with reflections on the boundaries of free rights and the possibility of social practice.
The openness and dialogue of the concept of truth is the common concern of Hegel and postmodernism, which believes that truth gradually unfolds in the development of history, and postmodernism, which emphasizes the diversity and construction of truth, both believe that the concept of truth is the result of openness and dialogue.
Through the dialogue between Hegel's critique of modernity and postmodernism, we can get some enlightenment for contemporary thought, first of all, historical consciousness is crucial to the thinking of modernity, we should realize that modernity is a historical concept, inseparable from different historical periods and cultural backgrounds, and should not fall too into the binary conceptual framework.
We need to think about the boundaries and possibilities of individual freedom practice, individual freedom is limited, social norms and values have an important role in restraining the development of individual freedom, we need to pursue individual freedom while recognizing the restrictions of social norms and power on individual freedom.
We should encourage the openness and dialogue of the concept of truth, different views of truth and knowledge construction methods may provide useful perspectives and ideas for the progress and development of human society, truth is diverse, mutual dialogue and exchange can help us better understand and accept different views of truth.
Through the dialogue between Hegel's critique of modernity and postmodernism, we can see the differences and commonalities between the two, modernity is a complex and pluralistic concept, with different understandings and interpretations in different schools of thought and historical periods, the enlightenment of contemporary thought lies in: historical consciousness, the boundaries and possibilities of individual freedom, and the openness and dialogue of the concept of truth, we should continue to explore the multiple aspects of modernity, and contribute to the development of contemporary thought and social progress.
Hegel's individuality and sociality
In Hegel's philosophical system, individuality is the awakening of human self-consciousness and the expression of individual freedom, Hegel emphasizes the value of individual freedom and self-awareness, believes that individuals should fully develop their own abilities and potential, individuals through self-awareness awakening, realize that they are free beings, and through self-realization to maintain and pursue individual value and dignity.
However, the social existence of the individual is also affected by the identity of the other, Hegel believes that the individual cannot be separated from society, they obtain their own value identity through interaction and interaction with others, and the interaction between the individual and society is not only a confirmation of self-consciousness, but also helps to shape the individual's values and moral concepts.
Social norms and systems are one of the main conditions for sociality, society through laws, moral norms, customs and other norms to manage and guide individual behavior, these norms restrict the freedom and behavior of individuals, stipulate the role and responsibility of individuals in society, the normal operation of society requires individuals to abide by and follow these norms and systems.
The process of culture and socialization is also an important condition for sociality, and individuals acquire social identity and cultural traditions through the socialization process in society, and the socialization process guides the individual to the direction consistent with society in terms of social identity, values, behavior patterns, etc., and the individual obtains social ability and consciousness by accepting and internalizing social culture.
There are differences in norms and values between different societies and cultures, and individuals grow and live in different social environments, and will be affected by different social norms and values, and this heterogeneity may lead individuals to face different moral and behavioral behaviors, making social conditions and constraints not completely consistent or doubtful.
Social differences and structural inequalities also limit the sociality of individuals, and there are different degrees of social class, gender, race, wealth and other differences in different societies, which will affect the status and opportunities of individuals in society, and structural inequalities in society may make individuals face different limitations and opportunities in sociality.
The individual's consciousness and willingness may conflict with social conditions, and individuals have their own will, aspirations, and autonomy, and sometimes may contradict social norms and socialization processes, which may lead individuals to conflict with social conditions in pursuing their own values and goals.
Hegel's philosophy emphasizes the dialectical unity of individuality and sociality, the relationship between the individual and society is mutually constructed and mutually influencing, the individual realizes his own value and goals through socialized practice and social contract, and society is also affected by the contribution and development of the individual.
In the interaction between individuals and society, there is also the boundary between individual freedom and social power, the free development of individuals needs to be carried out under the constraints of social norms and systems, and the balance and coordination between individual interests and social interests need to be achieved, in addition, the stability and sustainability of the social contract also pose challenges to the free development of individuals.
Hegel's ideas of individuality and sociality have important enlightenment for contemporary society, first of all, the practice of individual freedom and the pursuit of social justice need to be balanced, we should pay attention to the free development of individuals, but also pay attention to social fairness and justice, and pursue the maximization of common interests.
Individuality and sociality are two inseparable aspects of human existence, they are interdependent and interacting, individuals seek freedom and value realization through self-awareness and social interaction, and society maintains its own order and justice through recognition and support for individuals, Hegel's individuality and social thought provides an important philosophical viewpoint, which has positive significance for us to think deeply about the relationship between individuals and society, and the development direction of contemporary society.
Hegel's Philosophy of History and Reflections on Deconstructionism
Hegel's philosophy of history theory emphasizes the purposefulness, rationality and dialectical advancement of historical development, he believes that history is the process of rational unfolding, showing the realization of freedom and the progress of human spirit in history, Hegel believes that the purpose of historical development is to achieve freedom, and dialectics is the driving force of historical progress, he promotes the realization of freedom and the development of society through the unified resolution of various dialectical contradictions, Hegel's philosophy of history theory also emphasizes the end of history, that is, the ultimate goal of history is to achieve a free society.
Deconstructivism puts forward a harsh critique of historical understanding, challenging Hegel's philosophical theory of history, deconstructivism believes that historical concepts are relative, different societies and groups have different ways of historical interpretation and understanding, deconstructivism emphasizes the ambiguity of texts and the division of meaning, and disintegrates the binary opposition and solidified concepts in historical narratives, deconstructivism believes that history is the product of diversity and polysemy and there is no unified absolute truth.
Dialogue is a way of mutual understanding and communication between individuals and society, through dialogue, individuals can exchange views, experiences and values with others, enhance understanding of other individuals and different societies, dialogue promotes the plurality of different views, and helps to expand the thinking and vision of individuals.
Dialogue helps individuals to find common ground and build consensus, through dialogue, individuals can understand the value and limitations of different views, and gradually reach consensus in communication, consensus helps individuals to establish a basis for coordination and cooperation in society, and promote social stability and development.
Dialectic is the collision and integration of ideas and opinions between individuals and society, and individuals question and improve existing concepts and understandings through argument, debate and criticism, dialectical promotes the development of ideas and cognition, and promotes social progress and innovation.
Dialectics also contribute to the balance between individuals and society, there is a relationship of mutual influence and interaction between individuals and society, dialectics helps to seek balance between individuals and society, dialectics can maintain social order and stability while maintaining individual freedom and pursuing individual values.
Hegel's philosophy of history emphasizes the purpose and rationality of history, while deconstructivism criticizes the relativity of historical concepts, and these dialogues remind contemporary historians to be aware of the relativity and diversity of historical concepts, reconstruct historical consciousness and historical concepts, and when studying history, we should consider different historical frameworks and cultural backgrounds in a pluralistic manner, and avoid one-sided or solidified historical interpretations.
Deconstructivism challenges the binary opposition and entrenched notions in historical narratives, and it is essential for contemporary historiography to embrace pluralism and the inclusion of diverse histories, embracing different historical perspectives, experiences, and narratives, and focusing on marginalized and neglected groups, events, or perspectives in history in order to obtain a more comprehensive, diverse and authentic historical picture.
Deconstructivism critiques the relativity of the concept of truth, which reminds contemporary philosophers to be open to truth, recognizing that truth is the product of pluralism and relativity, dialogue and communication are essential in the pursuit of truth, and through dialogue with others and critical thinking, truth can be understood and approached more comprehensively.
Historical research should recognize the openness and diversity of historical interpretations, deconstructivist criticism emphasizes the ambiguity and multiplicity of historical interpretations, and when studying history, it is necessary to pay attention to historical narratives in different historical concepts and cultural backgrounds, understand the diversity and openness of historical interpretations, and avoid falling into a single or definitive historical interpretation.
conclusion
The confrontation between Hegel's philosophy of history and deconstructionist ideas brings us important enlightenment for thinking about history and philosophy, the relativity and construction of historical concepts remind us of the openness and diversity of historical interpretation, and the importance of openness and dialogue on the concept of truth of results also provides a new perspective for the development of our contemporary society.