Ma Hongkui, milk name Sanyuan, character Shaoyun, Hui. General of the Army. He was born on March 9, 1892 in Hezhou (now Linxia County), Gansu.
In 1909, Ma Hongkui was admitted to the Lanzhou Army Primary School. In 1912, he served as a battalion commander under his father Ma Fuxiang, and was promoted to the command of the new army in Ningxia. From 1914 to 1917, Ma Hongkui served as a military attaché for Yuan Shikai and Li Yuanhong in Beijing: Yuan was declared emperor, and Ma Hongkui quietly left Beijing and ran to Tianjin, where he participated in Duan Qirui's horse factory oath and served as a lieutenant general and staff officer against the rebel army. After Duan Qirui returned to power, he wanted to take Ma Hongkui as a wing, allocated 60,000 yuan for Japanese-style light and heavy weapons, and made him the commander of the 5th Mixed Brigade, so that he could expand the new army in Ningxia.
In April 1922, the First Zhifeng War broke out, and both sides wanted to win over Ma Fuxiang's father and son. The Ma father and son responded with ambiguity. However, when the news of Feng's defeat came, Ma Fuxiang immediately sent a telegram to attack Zhang Zuolin, calling him a "Hu bandit" (referring to bandits), revealing Zhang's old scars.
In September 1924, the Second Zhifeng War began. Cao Kun and Wu Peifu sent Ma Hongkui as the commander-in-chief of the cavalry, and Ling led his troops to the front line of Rehe. During the war, Feng Yuxiang defected, returned to Beijing to stage a "coup d'état", imprisoned and bribed President Cao Kun, and issued a telegram calling for peace: Ma Hongkui turned around and followed Feng Yuxiang to retreat, bringing his troops to Beijing.
In March 1925, after Feng Yuxiang officially took office as the Northwest Frontier Supervisor, Ma Fuxiang's father and son were forced by the forces of Feng Jun to show obedience to Feng. In order to comfort the Ma father and son, Feng appointed Ma Hongkui as the commander of the 7th Division.
In early 1927, Ma Hongkui was appointed commander of the Fourth Army of the First Front of the Second Army of the National Revolutionary Army. Ma was commanded by Feng and Jiang to fight on the front line in Shandong.
In the spring of 1929, after Chiang Kai-shek's all-encompassing conference and the convening of the "Big Three" of the Kuomintang, a new warlord war began to brew. At that time, the contradiction between Feng Yuxiang and Chiang Kai-shek was already looming, and Ma Hongkui was quite afraid of offending Feng Yuxiang and did not dare to approach Chiang Kai-shek rashly, but after going north to the Shandong station, he wrote to Chiang Kai-shek to send a secret message, stating that he "will never participate in any military action against the central authorities."
In May 1929, Feng Yuxiang decided to oppose Chiang. Ma Hongkui and Han Fuyu secretly discussed opposing Feng Tou Jiang. Han and Ma led the troops to Luoyang one after another, and jointly sent a telegram to support the "central government" and maintain peace, disrupting Feng Yuxiang's battle plan. After Chiang Kai-shek heard the news, he immediately sent Qian Dajun, He Yao, Shao Lizi, and others to Zhengzhou to declare consolation, brought Ma Hongkui a heavy reward of one million yuan, and summoned Ma in Nanjing. Therefore, Ma Hongkui was determined to defect to Chiang Kai-shek.
In December 1929, Tang Shengzhi, together with Han Fuyu and Shi Yousan, hatched an anti-Chiang dynasty. Han and Xuzhou needed to win the support of Ma Hongkui and Shi Yousan in an attempt to contact Ma to oppose Chiang. On the surface, at Nohan's request, Ma Hongkui secretly immediately reported everything to Chiang Kai-shek and explained what to do. Jiang received Ma's report, and while trying to stabilize Han Fuyu, he rushed to attack Tang Shengzhi, resulting in the collapse of the Tang army.
In March 1930, the air war over Yu, Lu and Anhui was cloudy, and a warlord war was imminent. Ma Hongkui tightly controlled the Jinpu and Longhai fronts to transport supplies for Chiang Kai-shek's troops. At that time, the railway was exclusively for military transportation, and passenger and cargo transportation was almost at a standstill. Ma himself took the opportunity to sell and resell sea salt, making a profit of millions of yuan. In May, the Great War of the Central Plains broke out. Ma Hongkui was stationed on the right flank of the Longhai Line in Luxi and Shandong. At this time, the horse department had been officially expanded into the 15th Route Army of the rebel army. At the end of July, Ma Hongkui's army reoccupied Tai'an. Chiang Kai-shek rewarded meritorious deeds, and the horse department increased the establishment of two brigades.
In January 1931, when Chiang Kai-shek "encircled and suppressed" the Hubei-Yu-Anhui Soviet region, he transferred Ma Hongkui's troops to the area of Xuchang and Luohe in Henan.
In August 1932, Chiang Kai-shek had appointed Ma Hongkui as chairman of Ningxia Province. However, Ma Hongkui hoped for the post of chairman of Henan Province and stayed in the Central Plains for a long time. At this time, the political situation in Gan and Ningxia was chaotic, and Chiang Kai-shek asked him to return to Ningxia to take up his post, so he hurried back to the northwest. When he left Henan, following Chiang Kai-shek's order, Ma Hongkui's troops basically did not move, and Ma Hongbin was led by Ma Hongbin, and Ma Hongbin's troops in Ning were handed over to Ma Hongkui, and the two sides exchanged names. On the pretext that Jiang Yunqi could bring his troops back to Ningxia, Ma Hongkui selected strong and excellent weapons overnight and transported them to Baotou and stationed them in Ningxia. The team that remained in Henan were just some old, weak, sick and disabled. Later, Ma Hongbin stayed in Ningxia under pretext. Since then, many conflicts have arisen between the two horses over territory and military salaries.
early 1933; Ma Hongkui officially assumed the chairmanship of Ningxia Province. His credo was: "If you have a soldier, you have power, and if you have power, you have money." All his activities were carried out for the purpose of "catching soldiers," "seizing power," and "scraping money." Ma Hongkui continued to replenish the army, from 12,000 soldiers in 1933 to 100,000 by the end of the forties, accounting for one-seventh of Ningxia's population.
After the "Xi'an Incident" occurred, Ma Hongkui was terrified and feared that he would lose his backer, but he could not predict the trend of development and did not dare to express his position. He was afraid that Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng would gain power from now on, and he was worried that once he responded to Zhang and Yang, he would be eliminated in the future, and he was full of contradictions in his heart. When the attitude of all parties became clear and Chiang Kai-shek was likely to be released, he sent a telegram by retroactively filling in the date, advocating a crusade against Zhang and Yang. After the "Xi'an Incident" ended, Ma Hongkui sent ten telegrams successively; He offered courtesy to Chiang Kai-shek and won Chiang's favor.
Ma Hongkui's anti-Japanese attitude was negative. On the contrary, Ma carried out Chiang Kai-shek's order to intercept the Red Army very hard, and after the Central Red Army reached northern Shaanxi, it continued to harass the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region. During the entire eight-year War of Resistance, the troops directly under Ma Hongkui's control did not enter the battlefield of the war against the Japanese invaders.
In March 1947, Chiang Kai-shek concentrated 34 brigades to carry out a key attack on the Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia Border Region and ordered Ma Hongkui to march at the same time. Ma began to stand still, and when the People's Liberation Army took the initiative to abandon Yan'an and move to the outer line to fight, he took the opportunity to send the main force to occupy Yanchi and attack the three sides.
In the winter of 1947, the People's Liberation Army laid siege to Yulin for the second time. Chiang Kai-shek telegraphed Ma Hongkui to come to Yu's aid. Ma was afraid of losing his troops and used various excuses to delay waiting. Later, he planned to send the First Regiment of the First Brigade to aid Yu in order to perfunctory Chiang Kai-shek, but considering that the PLA was good at besieging the city to help, too few troops would be eaten and went with the main force instead. But the instruction said: "If you can fight, you can fight, and if you can't, you will return to Ningxia." "Mabu was in the area of Yuan Datan, one hundred and twenty miles from Yulin, and was stormed by the People's Liberation Army and captured more than 2,000 people. Ma Hongkui's two sons, Ma Dunjing and Ma Dunhou (eldest son), led the remnants to flee to Yulin.
In the spring of 1949, because Zhang Zhizhong, the military and political governor of the northwest, went north to participate in the peace talks, the post he left behind became a target for Ma Hongkui and Ma Bufang. Although Ma Bufang's rank was not as high as Ma Hongkui's, the combat strength of his troops was stronger than Ma Hongkui's army, so Ma Hongkui had no choice but to temporarily retreat, meet with Ma Bufang at Qinghai Xiangtang, and offer to sponsor Ma Bufang to be appointed as the military and political governor of the northwest, in exchange for Ma Bufang's sponsorship of him as the deputy military and political chief of the northwest (former) and chairman of Gansu Province.
August 26; After the liberation of Lanzhou, Ma Hongkui planned to have his troops resist in Ningxia. On the other hand, he had already prepared to escape, shipped gold, and personally went to Taiwan to arrange real estate. In September, Ma Dunhou and Ma Dunjing also took the opportunity to leave Ningning. Ma Hongkui's troops, led by Ma Quanliang and Lu Zhongliang, sent a telegram in September announcing their acceptance of the Ningxia issue and a settlement.
At the end of September of that year, Ma Hongkui arrived in Taiwan. The Taiwan authorities gave him the sanction of "dismissal from office and investigation." After that, he lived in Los Angeles, USA.
On January 14, 1970, Ma Hongkui died in Los Angeles.
