Natural resources investigation and monitoring is an important basic work of natural resources management, the purpose of which is to find out the background of natural resources, grasp the status and changes of resource utilization, and provide support for the implementation of territorial spatial planning, strengthening the protection of natural resources, rational development and utilization and effective protection.
The new round of territorial spatial planning will take investigation and monitoring as one of the important contents. The Ministry of Natural Resources focuses on the general idea of "unified leadership, classification and grading, division of labor and cooperation, and overall coordination".
Research and exploration have been carried out in the aspects of investigation and monitoring technical methodological system, index system and achievement system, and technical regulations and programs for investigation and monitoring have been formulated, which has laid a technical foundation for the comprehensive investigation and monitoring of natural resources.
Based on the background of the needs of ecological civilization system reform and practical experience, this paper studies and discusses the technical system of natural resources investigation and monitoring, in order to provide reference for subsequent related work.
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«——[·Case Situation.]——»
General idea of investigation and monitoring work
Guided by Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement the "Two Mountains" theory and the concept of ecological civilization construction, and adhere to the responsibility of natural resource asset owners and the control of land and space use as the core.
In accordance with the overall idea of unified leadership, classification and grading, division of labor and cooperation, overall planning and coordination, and guided by the needs of natural resources management work, establish a unified and authoritative natural resources investigation and monitoring system, realize the full coverage of natural resources investigation and monitoring, and fully grasp the quantity, quality and ecological status of natural resources.
On this basis, on the premise of unified technical standards and norms, modern surveying and mapping technical means and information technology means are used to build basic databases, change information databases and achievement databases, and build a natural resources investigation and monitoring system at the national, provincial, municipal (county) and township (town) levels.
With the national natural resources supervision system as the starting point, build a working mechanism that combines national supervision and local supervision, form a work pattern that combines government leadership and social participation, and comprehensively grasp the status and changes of natural resource utilization.
Adhere to the responsibility of natural resource asset owners and the control of land and space use as the core
In accordance with the principle of "unified leadership and hierarchical responsibility", coordinate and carry out natural resources investigation and monitoring work, and establish a natural resources investigation and monitoring system covering the national, provincial, city (county) and township (town) levels with the goal of mastering the "family background" of natural resources nationwide.
At the national level, carry out the investigation and monitoring of natural resources focusing on land resources, and carry out the investigation and monitoring of marine resources such as sea areas and islands based on the investigation of land use status and land change;
At the provincial level, carry out investigation and monitoring of natural resources focusing on land resources and mineral resources, and carry out surveys on the current situation of agricultural land such as cultivated land, forest land and grassland focusing on agricultural land, forest land and grassland, construction land and unused land;
At the municipal level, carry out natural resource investigation and monitoring focusing on marine resources such as offshore islands; At the district level, surveys and monitoring of natural resources with a focus on arable and unused land are carried out.
Through the investigation and monitoring of natural resources, establish a database of various resource elements of natural resources, find out the resource background, grasp the quality and ecological status of resources, analyze resource utilization efficiency and changes in the ecological environment, and provide data support for natural resource asset management;
Through the natural resources inspection system, with land inspectors and mineral inspectors as the starting point, supervise and supervise the development and utilization of all kinds of land and mineral resources, and improve the supervision of illegal land use and illegal prospecting and mining of mineral resources;
Through natural resources investigation and monitoring and sharing services of monitoring results, promote administration by government management departments in accordance with the law, and improve the efficiency and level of natural resources supervision and law enforcement;
Through the implementation of land space planning, use control and ecological restoration, promote the continuous optimization of the pattern of land space development and protection; Through the analysis of investigation and monitoring data, sharing services are provided for the preparation of territorial spatial planning, the delineation of ecological protection redlines and other related work.
Basic investigation is a comprehensive investigation of the background of natural resources, including the natural conditions, status quo, historical evolution and development and utilization of natural resources, so as to provide a basic basis for scientifically compiling overall land use planning and strengthening natural resource management.
The basic survey technology and method system mainly includes: using land use status data and image data, through field investigation, internal interpretation, field verification, to carry out land use status investigation;
Focusing on agricultural land such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland and garden land, carry out land quality grade surveys and cultivated land grading work; Carry out land use change surveys, focusing on homesteads and collective construction land; Carry out historical resource surveys based on historical resource data;
Based on remote sensing monitoring, carry out remote sensing monitoring and interpretation in key areas. Among them, the investigation of agricultural land such as cultivated land, forest land, grassland and garden land should be combined with the preparation of the overall land use plan, and its location, scope, area and changes should be comprehensively investigated, and the changes should be compared and analyzed with the results of grading agricultural land.
Indicator system
The survey and monitoring index system is the basis for the investigation and monitoring of natural resources, including overall indicators, classification indicators and technical indicators. Overall indicators refer to comprehensive indicators that reflect the overall status of survey and monitoring targets, and are used to describe the overall characteristics of natural resources survey and monitoring.
Categorical indicators refer to specific indicators that reflect the attributes and utilization of natural resource categories, and are used to describe the characteristics of the main categories, quantity of resources, quality of resources, spatial distribution of resources and other aspects of natural resources.
The overall index consists of main factors and co-factors, including four first-level indicators: ecological environment quality, resource utilization and protection, spatial distribution and development and utilization, including:
The ecological environment quality category includes five first-level indicators, including atmospheric environment, water environment, sound environment, solid waste treatment and disposal and soil erosion prevention and control, of which the atmospheric environment includes four second-level indicators of PM10, PM2.5, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide; Water environment includes two secondary indicators of surface water environmental quality and groundwater quality; Two three-level indicators for solid waste treatment and disposal and soil erosion prevention.
The resource utilization and protection category includes four first-level indicators of land resources, water resources, forest resources and grassland resources, of which land resources include three secondary indicators of cultivated land protection area, garden area and forest land area, two secondary indicators of water resources including total water resources and per capita occupation, and two secondary indicators of grassland resources including grassland area and unit area stock.
Categorical indicators are specific indicators that reflect the attributes and utilization of natural resource categories, and are composed of main factors and cofactors. Principal factors refer to indicators that reflect the basic characteristics of natural resource category attributes, and cofactors refer to indicators that reflect the use of natural resources.
The selection of natural resource classification indicators should be based on the characteristics of different types of natural resources, and select indicators that are highly targeted and can better reflect the characteristics of resource attributes.
The land resources category mainly includes three secondary indicators: cultivated land, garden land and forest land, among which cultivated land area, garden area and forest land area are the basic indicators reflecting the protection and land use status of cultivated land.
The water resources category mainly includes five secondary indicators, such as river length, lake area, reservoir capacity, groundwater reserves, and hydroenergy resource reserves, of which river length reflects the length of the river, lake area reflects the area of the lake water body, reservoir capacity reflects the reservoir capacity, and hydroenergy resource reserves reflect the reserve of hydroenergy resources.
From the perspective of the content system of natural resources investigation and monitoring, land survey and monitoring should be combined with the preparation of land spatial planning, and the analysis of land resource utilization should be strengthened, focusing on indicators such as cultivated land quality level and land development degree.
According to the needs of natural resources investigation and monitoring, combined with the results of land survey and monitoring and the requirements of land spatial planning, different levels of investigation and monitoring of different types of natural resources are carried out.
Monitoring the quality level of cultivated land can determine the production potential and production capacity of cultivated land; Monitoring the degree of land development can judge the relationship between the degree of land development and the quality level of cultivated land; Monitoring of the occupied woodland and grassland within the ecological redline can judge the restoration of vegetation within the ecological redline.
Monitoring the utilization of mineral resources can determine whether the intensity of mineral resources exploitation is reasonable; Monitoring the status of forest resources can judge whether the utilization of forest resources is reasonable.
Monitor the effectiveness of the conservation and restoration of natural resources such as wetlands, oceans and minerals. In the above-mentioned work, the role of remote sensing, satellite and other technical means can be fully utilized.
Integrate the results of natural resource surveys and monitoring with other sectoral surveys: forest lands and wetlands occupied within ecological redlines can be included in ecological protection redlines;
Forest coverage can be used as an important reference for the quantity and quality of cultivated land within the ecological protection red line. The amount of mineral exploitation can be used as an important reference for the degree of development and utilization of mineral resources;
Vegetation cover can be used as an important reference for the degree of land development; The restoration of mine geological environment can be used as an important reference for the effect of mine geological environment protection and treatment. The reserve resources of cultivated land can be used as an important reference for the quality of cultivated land to supplement balance.
Natural resources investigation and monitoring is an important part of the reform of the ecological civilization system, and it is also one of the main areas for the application of the results of the "three adjustments". With the continuous expansion of the application scope of the results of the "three adjustments", the investigation and monitoring of natural resources is facing new challenges.
The reform of the ecological civilization system puts forward higher requirements for the management of natural resources, and it is necessary to strengthen the top-level design of natural resources investigation and monitoring. The changing situation and tasks of natural resource management require timely updating of the results of natural resource survey and monitoring;
The construction of ecological civilization puts forward higher requirements for the quality of investigation and monitoring results, and it is necessary to continuously improve the quality of investigation and monitoring results. The reform of the ecological civilization system has put forward higher requirements for the application of survey and monitoring results, and it is necessary to further strengthen the service capacity of the application of results.
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