Papro's monologue
Editor|Papro's monologue
The expansion of the kingdom's territory ensured the real exercise of royal power throughout France, favoring the development of a unified centralized state. However, we should also note that an important cause of war is the marriage between kingdoms, which will ensure temporary peace between countries but cannot solve the problem of long-term security, but it is easy to cause disputes for succession to the throne and wars.
Therefore, it is necessary to take a comprehensive view of the issue of marriage and recognize the hidden dangers behind marriage in order to ensure the longevity of the ruler. The catastrophe caused by the Hundred Years' War to society was enormous, but objectively it also played a positive role. The most important impact of the Hundred Years' War on France was to promote the awakening of French national consciousness and accelerate the establishment of a unified centralized absolute monarchy.
During the war, the common interests of society inspired the French to have a common cognition and consciousness, patriotic consciousness, national consciousness, and people from all social strata and regions united to resist the English invasion and finally win the war. After the victory of the war, people's common cognitive awareness was further strengthened, and the words nation and state became the common goal pursued by people.
It can be said that all this benefited from the Hundred Years' War, and it was precisely because of the century-long war that the domestic environment in France was completely broken or even worn out, and people began to look for new ways to regroup the broken situation, which was an opportunity for France, and of course, the French Wai also seized this opportunity and gained great benefits.
The French absolute monarchy is established
The establishment of the French autocratic royal power ensured the stability of the domestic society, the economy developed accordingly, foreign trade became more active, and Italy became the focus of French attention. Italy at the time was "the richest in Europe. The most urbanized, technologically advanced and civilized region. It is where money, credit and banking meet. Of course, the most important thing is that the capital of Italy is the spiritual center of Catholicism, and those who seek European hegemony must strive for dominance in Italy. ”
"In 1509, France went to war with Venice, defeated the Venetians and occupied northern Italy. In order to rebel against France, Venice began to woo the pope and form allies with the pope. King Henry VIII of England joined the alliance in 1511 because of the traditional anti-French mentality of the English people and his status as the son-in-law of the King of Spain.
When France and England were about to go to war over Italy, King James IV of Scotland, as an ally of France, chose his alliance to fight England. In 1512 King Louis II of France and King Ms IV revived their previous alliance. After that, Henry VIII launched a brutal attack on Scotland. James IV was eventually killed in this battle, and his son succeeded to the throne, who was regent of Alberney.
Alberni grew up in France and has a unique affection for France, and will inevitably tend to befriend France. In 1521, Bernie and France again signed the Treaty of Luren, which revived the alliance between Scotland and France. "After that, Bernie established an important military camp in Dunbar, Scotland, and also agreed to the stationing of French soldiers in Scotland."
During the reign of King James V, Scotland was attacked by the fiercest attack ever seen in England, James V died in the war, and Mary, who succeeded him, was young and ignorant, causing internal and external troubles in Scotland. In this regard, France did not stand idly by, and in 1528 sent more than 12,000 native soldiers to Scotland to fight the English army. In 1548, France signed the Treaty of Hardington with Scotland.
According to the treaty, Mary, Queen of Scotland, was sent to France to marry the French Dauphin, and Mary's mother, who was born in France, served as regent of Scotland. During the Regency period, the main officials of the Scottish government were all French, so the French controlled the main affairs of the Scottish government. After Mary married the French prince, France and Scotland made a treaty again, which clearly stipulated that if Mary had no heirs, Scotland would be unconditionally included in French territory.
At this point, Scotland was completely under the control of the King of France, who described the relationship as "Scotland is like my son". Scotland became part of France, which gained most of its power in Scotland. It was not until the death of Henry II in July 1559, that Francis succeeded to the throne, and Scotland and France became one.
It can be seen that after the Hundred Years' War, Scotland's relations with France became closer, and it achieved the ultimate domination in Scotland, but England refused to watch France's actions, and began to take a more effective way to occupy Scotland.
The continued alliance between the two is undoubtedly beneficial to France, and the most important reason for France to assist Scotland is to use Scotland to fight England. Eventually, France gained further control of Scotland, and England had to begin to find new ways to break up the alliance between the two countries in order to ensure the restoration and development of the United Kingdom.
Scottish independence preserved
After the end of the Hundred Years' War, Scotland maintained an independent development scenario for quite a period of history, and its alliance with France continued. The most important thing for Scotland in the Hundred Years' War was to preserve and develop Scotland's independence.
The marriage of the royal family of Scotland in the 11th century with the English nobility who fled to Scotland made Scotland an indispensable part of English history; In the Hundred Years' War, Scotland allied with France as an independent one against the invasion of England, thereby enhancing its position on the stage of European history, which helped Scotland maintain its independence from England.
British scholars believe that "in the second half of the 13th century and into the 14th century, Scotland's national consciousness did develop, forged by the iron and diamond invasion of the English." King Robert the Bruce of Scotland defeated Edward I, known as the "Hammer of Scotland," and inspired his successors to form a unified force against the English, and this force also inspired the Scots to see themselves as different from England.
And force those interested in the borders of both countries to make a final choice, that is, they must show that henceforth they can only owe allegiance to one or the other. For Scotland, England is not only a powerful neighbor, nor can it be too simple to regard England's invasion of Scotland as a naked act of aggression, because the people living on the border between England and Scottish are necessary to interact with each other.
Even though "both Edward I and Edward III were happy to fish in disputed places, there were parts of the Scots who were happy to invite the English to invade". "But in general, throughout the course of the Middle Ages, the Scots insisted on maintaining their independence. In the 14th century, the thc Declaration of Arbroath promulgated by Scotland reads:
"If Robert I renounces what he has begun and subjects us and our kingdom to England or England, we shall immediately expel him as our enemy, as well as a destroyer of his own and our rights, and make another man who can protect us our king." As long as we have 100 men, we will never submit to England in any way. ”
It can be seen that Scotland's independence is rooted in people's character, and independent personality is clearly expressed. Before the Hundred Years' War, Scotland's most famous rebellion against English rule and independence was the national hero William Wallace who organized an insurrectionary army of peasants and citizens to launch a vigorous struggle for independence. Under his influence, the Scottish nobility began to unite against the rulers of England.
Perhaps at that time, Hua Caishi was not familiar with the term "national spirit" in the process of struggle, but as an Englishman who did not live in his own territory, he invaded Scotland, and Wallace + with a righteous spirit would inevitably rise up and resist heroically. The struggle of resistance embodied the spirit of Scottish independence and was later manifested in the struggle against England in alliance with France as "the formation of a definite Scottish consciousness gradually mixed with the Normanized class of landowners."
This consciousness is mainly reflected in the obedience to the king and the identification with the kingdom", and this spirit has been widely spread and continued in later generations, deeply rooted in the heart of every Scotsman. Although in the end his uprising failed and did not drive the English out of Scottish soil, he united the Scots, and this unity in the spirit of resistance to England has remained in the character of the Scots.
In the course of Scotland's continuous struggle for independence in the Hundred Years' War, the Scots formed a sense of independence, and this independent character - always preserved. To this day, we can still clearly feel that the Scots are incompatible with the English, and they are still striving for their independence. In short, a common religion, a common historical memory and a common economic life have united the Scots, united them and shaped the overall image of the Scots.
In the process of interaction and integration of ethnic groups, they gradually realize that they are not only the result of exchanges of the same race and blood, but a community, a political, cultural, economic, ethnic and geographical cross-integration whole. In this community, they share a common political experience, a national history, and the shared memories that arise from it, collective pride and shame, joy and regret linked to past events.
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