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The progress of science and technology has always driven the evolution of human society, rewriting the genes of food to create more nutritious, higher yielding and more resistant crops, which is a hot challenge in the field of modern agriculture.
Whether in agriculture, medicine or environmental protection, GM is considered a new track that must be preempted and will shape the fate of the world in the future.
GM technology, as a new field leading the revolution in food production, has become a track that cannot be ignored in today's world, and in this arena full of opportunities, pioneers are trying to seize the opportunity to provide a more abundant future for mankind.
The necessity of GM technology
Growing populations pose enormous challenges to food availability, and it is predicted that the global population will continue to grow in the coming decades, possibly exceeding 9 billion in a few decades, making food security a global concern.
While traditional agricultural production methods face problems such as limited land, lack of water resources, climate change, etc., it is difficult to meet the growing demand for food, and GM technology can make crops have specific genes to increase their yields.
For example, genetically modified crops have greater insect resistance, reduce crop damage, and increase yields, which can further improve crop yields and drought tolerance by improving plant root structure and increasing photosynthetic efficiency.
At present, there is an imbalance in diet structure and nutritional intake on a global scale, and many people eat too much junk food, resulting in excess energy and unbalanced nutrition.
On the other hand, there are still large populations facing nutritional deficiencies and related diseases, such as iron deficiency anaemia, vitamin A deficiency, etc.
GM technology offers new ways to improve the nutritional value of crops, where specific genes make crops rich in nutrients such as vitamins, minerals and antioxidants.
For example, genetically modified golden rice is rich in vitamin A, which can help improve the health of vitamin A-deficient people in developing countries, and can also reduce the content of anti-nutritional factors in some plants, and improve the digestion and absorption rate of plant proteins.
GM technology has been successfully applied to GM crops that improve human health, and in addition to Golden Rice, there are other examples, such as GM corn rich in ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and GM wheat that reduces the antinutrient content in wheat bran.
The application of these GM crops offers new ways to improve human nutrition and has the potential for the prevention and treatment of malnutrition-related diseases.
GM technology and environmental issues
Chemical pesticides widely used in traditional agriculture have caused serious pollution to the environment, pesticide residues and drifting have brought harm to soil, water sources and ecosystems, and also caused negative impacts on wildlife and ecological balance.
GM technology can reduce the use of pesticides, and by introducing special genes into crops, crops have their own insect resistance and reduce dependence on chemicals.
This helps reduce pesticide use, reduces the negative environmental impact of agriculture, and reduces exposure risks for farmers.
GM crops play an important role in protecting the ecological balance, and insect-resistant GM crops can reduce the number of pests and reduce the killing of beneficial insects, thereby maintaining the balanced relationship between various organisms in the ecosystem.
Some GM crops are also designed to be resistant to specific weeds, reducing the use of herbicides and further protecting the ecosystem.
The technology has many applications in sustainable agriculture, for example, GM cotton can resist bollworms and reduce the need for pesticides, and GM soybeans can tolerate herbicides, reducing pesticide use and improving production efficiency.
In addition, genetically modified rice cultivation techniques have also been studied and applied to help increase yields, increase stress tolerance and improve quality.
GM technology and climate issues
Climate change poses a serious threat to agricultural output, with the increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as droughts, floods and high temperatures, negatively impacting crop growth and yields.
It also triggers outbreaks and spreads of pests and diseases, exacerbating crop losses, and GM technology has the potential to improve crop resistance to drought and salinity, introducing genes adapted to drought and salinity stress, and crops can enhance their resilience to these stresses.
For example, drought resistance genes in GM maize and wheat can improve crop viability and yield stability under drought conditions, while salinity resistance genes in GM rice can make them grow better in saline areas.
GM crops have also had some success stories in improving climate adaptation. For example, the stress tolerance genes in genetically modified tomatoes can make them better able to cope with heat, drought and salinity stress.
GM corn Bt corn excels in drought and pest resistance, and GM cotton is more resistant and able to maintain high yields in drought conditions.
Through GM technology, we can give crops greater disease resistance and adaptability, improve yield and quality, and effectively meet the challenges of global food security.
In addition to the agricultural field, GM technology has also shown broad application prospects in many fields such as medicine and energy, through which we can develop safer and more efficient drugs and provide better treatment options for patients with rare diseases.
The use of genetically modified microorganisms can produce efficient and clean biofuels and reduce dependence on fossil energy.
However, GM technology also faces numerous challenges and controversies, and we need to conduct in-depth research to ensure its safety and sustainability, while focusing on ethical and social responsibility.
Only on the basis of a comprehensive understanding and balance of the interests of all parties can we better lead the development direction of GM and ensure that it brings more benefits to human society.
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