The most talented "king of the dead country" of the Northern Song Dynasty
The eighth emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, Emperor Huizong of Song, Zhao Yao
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song
In 1082, the fifth day of the fifth lunar month, Zhao He was born, and later changed it to the birthday of the tenth day of the tenth month of the lunar calendar because of the ominous birth in May.
Zhao He has been pampered since childhood, and gradually developed a frivolous and promiscuous personality. When the emperor reigned for a total of 26 years, he spent 1 year and 2 months on the throne, but unfortunately during his reign, he pursued extravagance, political corruption, and poor diplomacy, which caused public resentment and buried the bane of the country during the Jingkang period of the Northern Song Dynasty.
Song Huizong pioneered the "thin gold body"
What is a "thin gold body"?
As far as Song Huizong Zhao Ji is concerned, he is extremely talented in art fields such as calligraphy painting, and he created "thin gold body" calligraphy.
"Thin gold body" means: "beautiful books for gold, take wealth and righteousness, and also boast of strength". Its shape is thin and sharp, and the flanks are like blue bamboo, which reflects the heavy color of the brushes he paints.
However, Song Huizong's calligraphy has the shortcomings of softness and frivolity, which may be due to the era and his own artistic accomplishment, but the unique artistic personality of the thin gold body he pioneered has created a major genre of writing for future generations to imitate.
Song Huizong loved to paint flowers and birds and paintings became its own "courtyard", he also developed court painting, gathered painters, created the Xuanhe Painting Academy, and trained a group of outstanding painters such as Wang Ximeng, Zhang Zeduan, Li Tang and so on.
The books "Xuanhe Book Spectrum" and "Xuanhe Picture Spectrum" and "Xuanhe Bogutu" organized and compiled together are precious historical books in the study of art history.
Paintings by Emperor Huizong of Song
Paintings by Emperor Huizong of Song
Among them, the "Xuanhe Picture Book" records his collection of 2,786 paintings of flowers and birds, accounting for 44% of the total collection, which shows the depth of his preference.
Song Huizong's painting inscribed poem
Zhao He also has a wide range of personal interests, including pen and ink, danqing, horseback riding, archery, juju, exotic flowers and stones, birds and animals, especially in calligraphy and painting, and has shown extraordinary talent.
In addition, Song Huizong was also good at tea art, he had ordered tea for his subordinates many times, Cai Jing recorded in the "Taiqing Lou Banquet Record": "The emperor Sui Yuxi Pavilion, personally mixed tea, and gave it to the left and right". During the period from Zhenghe to Xuanhe, Emperor Huizong of Song also ordered the officials of Beiyuan to bake and offer a large number of elegantly named tribute teas, such as Yuqing Qingyun, Ruiyun Xianglong, Yuxue Chengxiang, etc.
Song Huizong's greatest contribution to Chinese tea is the writing of "Daguan Tea Theory", one of the classics of Chinese tea books, which has been cited by successive generations of tea people. Among them, especially the article on ordering tea, it records in detail the representative tea art of ordering tea popular in the Song Dynasty, which provides a basis for future generations to understand the tea ordering in the Song Dynasty.
In short, "Emperor Huizong is a saint in heaven and art is extremely divine", he has reached a certain artistic height in all aspects of poetry, calligraphy and painting, especially in painting, whether it is landscapes, flowers and birds, and characters, he can "give shape to things, get it at will, drive the pen to create, and start from the millimeter, and all things can get their own physiology".
It can be said that Emperor Huizong of Song is the only emperor in history who truly has a high artistic accomplishment and painting talent, and can truly be called a painter. It is a rare artistic genius in ancient times, so it was rated by later generations as "Song Huizong can do everything, but can not be a jun'er!" "If he were not an emperor, but an artist, he would have lived forever."
What happens when an artist becomes the king of a country?
Emperor Huizong of Song became the culprit for the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song
The biggest failure of Emperor Huizong of Song was that during his reign he reused the traitors Cai Jing, Tong Guan, and Wang Yi to make the Northern Song Dynasty go to the road of destruction, and even the historical official who later compiled the "History of Song" said with emotion: "Song does not establish Huizong, although Jin is strong, why fight to destroy Song."
In the first month of 1100 AD in the third year of Yuan Fu, Emperor Huizong of Song died, and the then Empress Dowager Xiang thought that she had no sons, and all the sons of Shenzong were concubines, and she advocated that the king of Liduan Zhao He be emperor, and the prime minister at that time, Zhang Wei, said: "Zhao He is frivolous and cannot rule the world".
However, the Empress Dowager Xiang refuted Prime Minister Zhang Wei with the words of Song Shenzong, saying: "The first emperor tasted that the king of Duan had a blessed life, and was benevolent and filial, and he should stand." In the end, Empress Dowager Xiang, with the support of Zeng Bu, Cai Bian, and Xu General, established Zhao He as emperor.
In July of the same year, shortly after Empress Dowager Xiang returned to power, the left chancellor "Zhang Wei", who opposed the establishment of Emperor Huizong of Song as emperor, was deposed, and Han Zhongyan was promoted to the left chancellor, and Zeng Bu was promoted to the right chancellor. At that time, the struggle between the old guards and the law changers was intensifying.
In the second year of Zhao Yao's accession to the throne, Empress Dowager Xiang died, and Emperor Huizong changed the following year to "Jianzhong Jingguo", in order to show the neutrality and establish the government, to show the will of the people of Zhao, and to show the will of the people of Yongsuis.
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song, Zhao Jiao
It's just that I didn't expect that Zhang Wei actually became a rumor, and the Northern Song Dynasty really perished in the hands of Song Huizong, and I recall that if the opinion of the original prime minister Zhang Wei was adopted to the Empress Dowager, the Northern Song Dynasty might be another ending.
In August 1126, the first year of Jingkang, Emperor Taizong of Jin again ordered the eastern and western armies to march south, and the Jin soldiers took the opportunity to attack the city in four ways and captured Bianjing, and the Jin Emperor deposed Emperor Huizong of Song and his son Zhao Huan of Song Qinzong.
In 1127 AD, the Northern Song Dynasty officially perished
Emperor Huizong of Song and his concubine Princess were captured
At the end of March 1127 in the second year of Jingkang, the "Jingkang Change" took place, and the Jin Emperor escorted the two emperors of Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, together with thousands of officials such as "concubines, clansmen, and princesses", as well as teaching workshop musicians, craftsmen, legal drivers, ceremonial guards, crown clothes, ritual vessels, astronomical instruments, treasures and playthings, royal books, and maps of the prefecture capital of Tianxia to the north.
Emperor Huizong of Song, who had the most empresses in the harem of the Song Dynasty
Who are the five empresses appointed by Emperor Huizong of Song?
According to historical records: In 1127 AD, the Emperor Huizong of Song counted 143 concubines and female officials with titles, as many as 504 palace maids without titles, and five empresses were canonized before and after. Who are these five queens, and what kind of life circumstances do they have? Which queen ended up the most tragic?
Three empresses who died before the "Change of Jingkang"
They are both lucky and unlucky
1. The original empress of Emperor Huizong of Song
Empress Xiangong – Wang Clan (aged 25)
Wang's death was 19 years before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty
Wang, born in 1084 AD, a native of Kaifeng, she was the daughter of Wang Zao of Dezhou and the original empress of Emperor Huizong of Song.
In June 1099, the second year of Yuan Fu, Wang married Duan Wang Zhao He and was named "Lady of Shunguo". Later, after Zhao He ascended the throne, she was canonized as empress, during which she gave birth to Zhao Huan (Emperor Qinzong of Song) and Princess Chongguo.
Empress Wang had a respectful and thrifty personality, and the noble concubine Zheng and Empress Wang at that time competed for favor, and the empress treated them equally. He was later framed by eunuchs for misconduct. Emperor Huizong of Song sent Zhou Ding, an attendant of the Criminal Department, to investigate, but there was no truth and he gave up, but this incident made Empress Wang depressed all day long, and soon fell ill.
On September 26, 1108, the second year of Daguan, Empress Wang died at the age of 25, 19 years before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty.
After Empress Wang's death, she was first named "Empress Jinghe", then "Empress Xiangong", buried in the Yongyou Mausoleum, and only changed to the temple room of Emperor Huizong of Song during the Shaoxing period.
2. A noble concubine before her death, and a posthumous empress after her death
Empress Mingda – Liu (aged 27)
Liu's death was 14 years before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty
Liu came from a humble background, and after entering the palace, she was favored by Emperor Huizong of Song, and was promoted from a talented person to a noble concubine second only to the empress, during which she gave birth to three sons and three daughters for Emperor Huizong of Song, they were the King of Jiyang Yi "Zhao Xi", the King of Qi "Zhao Mo" and the King of Xin "Zhao Hao", the fifth daughter of the emperor Maode Emperor Ji Zhao Fujin, the eighth daughter of the emperor An Shu Emperor Ji, and the fourteenth daughter of the emperor Xunde Emperor Ji.
On July 22, 1113, the third year of Zhenghe, Liu Guifei died of serious illness at the age of twenty-seven. At this time, there were still 14 years before the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
After Liu Guifei's death, Song Huizongte stepped up the four-character nickname "Mingda Yiwen". In his life, Song Huizong wanted to follow the old example of Song Renzong's "Empress Wencheng" Zhang Shi, so that the empress asked for a posthumous title of Liu as empress because of the canonization, and the upper title was "Mingda".
3. A noble concubine before her death, and a posthumous empress after her death
Empress of the Ming Festival – Liu Shi (aged 34)
Liu's death was 6 years before the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty
Liu, born in 1088 AD, she was of low status, her father was only a bartender, and later became the favorite concubine of Emperor Huizong of Song.
In 1098, the fifth year of Shaosheng, she entered the palace, and after entering the palace, she became a maid in the Chongen palace of Emperor Zhezong's "Empress Zhaohuai".
In 1113, the third year of Zhenghe, after the death of Empress Zhaohuai, she stayed in the palace for a while, and later Liu was seen by Yang Jian, an attendant in the palace, praised her for her good looks, and took her back to the palace.
At that time, the noble concubine Liu Shi adopted her as an adopted daughter because Liu Shi had the same surname as herself, and then offered her to Emperor Huizong of Song, and soon Liu Shi won the favor of Emperor Huizong.
Liu's talent is intelligent, empathetic, and skilful, good at makeup, every time a new dress is made, it is immediately imitated, because of his bright appearance, intelligence and cleverness, and is deeply loved by Song Huizong.
She was first made a talented person, and later Jin was made a concubine and changed to "Concubine An", during which she gave birth to three sons and a daughter for Emperor Huizong of Song, they were the king of Jian'an County "Zhao Qi", the Duke of Jiaguo "Zhao Chair", the British duke "Zhao Yu" and the twenty-sixth daughter and Fudi Ji "Zhao Jinzhu".
In 1114, the fourth year of Zhenghe, Liu Anfei Jin was made a noble concubine.
In April 1121, the third year of Xuanhe, Liu Guifei died of illness at the age of Chinese New Year's Eve, six years before the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty.
After his death, Liu was first given the title "Ming Festival and Wen", and was posthumously given the title of empress, and was buried in the northwest corner of the Yongyou Mausoleum.
These three empresses were both lucky and unfortunate, fortunately they died before the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty in the "Jingkang Disaster", and after their deaths, they were posthumously crowned empresses and could continue to enjoy honor, and they were also spared the miserable fate of being captured to Mobei after the death of the country, unfortunately they died very young, it can be said that they died young.
While they died one after another, it also indicated that the footsteps of the Northern Song Dynasty were approaching step by step. The queen, who had died, was spared suffering and found rest.
But Song Huizong and two living empresses, but they were captured together in Mobei after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty and were tortured and abused inhumanly, Xiansu Empress Zheng and Xian Concubine Wei, what hardships did they suffer, and who had the most tragic end?
Empress who was captured to Mobei along with Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong
Zheng and Webster, who ended up more miserable?
Emperor Huizong of Song's step-empress
Empress Hsien Su – Zheng Clan (aged 52)
Portrait of Empress Xiansu Zheng
Empress Zheng, born in 1079 AD, a native of Kaifeng, her father was Zheng Shen, initially an official of Zhi Province, and later because of Zheng's canonization as empress, Jin was made Taishi and the Prince of Leping County.
The young man of the Zheng family entered the palace, smart and clever, she was originally the "escort" of the Qin Sheng, and Zhao He, who was still the king of Duan at that time, came to the palace every day to ask for peace, and the empress dowager ordered the two escorts of the Zheng family and the Wang family to serve Zhao He together. Over time, the two became acquainted.
Portrait of Empress Xiansu Zheng and Emperor Huizong of Song
Zheng Shi is elegant and beautiful, she can appreciate Song Huizong's calligraphy and painting chapters and help deal with the recitals, and Emperor Huizong often gives her some poems and paintings, and the relationship between the two people slowly begins to heat up in the "poetic picture" and produce love.
Duanwang Zhao He was elected emperor
Zheng was canonized as Empress of the Great Song Dynasty
In 1108, the original consort of Duan Wang Zhao died in the second year of Daguan, and in 1100 AD, in the third year of Yuan Fu, Duan Wang was elected as the new emperor, and Empress Dowager Xiang gave Zheng and Wang to Song Huizong as concubines.
Portrait of Empress Zheng in imperial dress
In October 1111, the first year of Zhenghe, Zheng was canonized as Empress of the Great Song Dynasty. When she was about to receive the queen's treasure book, there was a division to create the queen's crown dress, but Empress Zheng said that the country was not enough, and the crown beads were expensive, and she asked the worker to change the old crown when the concubine was made. He also begged for Huang Li Gong, Xiao Ji Hao Book and other instruments, and followed it.
Portrait of Empress Zheng
This record shows that Zheng was still thrifty when she became empress, and even the queen's crown uniform was modified from the old noble concubine's uniform. And during her time as empress, she never did politics, which also brought benefits to her maiden family in the future. Empress Zheng is cautious and good at following the meaning of her husband Song Huizong.
Emperor Huizong of Song passed the throne to his son Zhao Huan and became emperor
Zheng was honored as "Empress Taishang of the Daojun"
Empress Taishang and Emperor Taishang
In 1125, Jin soldiers moved south to approach the capital. Emperor Huizong of Song hurriedly passed the throne to the crown prince Zhao Huan (Emperor Qinzong of Song). After Emperor Qinzong of Song ascended the throne, he honored his father Song Huizong as "Emperor Taishang of Daojun", and Empress Zheng as "Empress Taishang of Daojun" and moved to Ningde Palace, known as Empress Dowager Ningde.
Emperor Huizong of Song, who became Emperor Taishang, led Empress Zheng to take refuge in Zhenjiang. In December of the following year, the Jin army attacked Bianjing. The Jin Emperor abolished Emperor Huizong and Emperor Qinzong as commoners.
At the end of March 1127, the Jin army sent more than 3,000 people, including Hui Hui, Emperor Qin and Empress Zheng, as well as concubines, princes, princesses, clansmen, and hundred officials, to the Jin Kingdom.
They handed over more than fifty concubines and princesses with titles to the Emperor of the Jin Kingdom. The palace maids were divided among the Jin army generals by Mu Han, and the rest were distributed to the nobles of the Jin State as slaves.
Portrait of Empress Zheng
When the Jin army broke through the Bianjing captives and returned north, Empress Zheng went to the Jin camp and said to Marshal Mu Han: "Concubines are guilty, when they move north, but the concubine's family never interferes in imperial politics, ask the marshal to leave them behind!" "Sticky Xu Zhi, so Zheng's father, Zheng Shen, survived and stayed in Bianjing.
Empress Zheng died of illness in the Five Kingdoms City at the age of 52
12 years after his death, the remains returned to the Southern Song Dynasty with Emperor Huizong of Song
City of Five Kingdoms
City of Five Kingdoms
After Emperor Huizong of Song and Empress Zheng moved north to the Five Kingdoms City (Yilan County, Heilongjiang), Empress Zheng soon fell ill due to the torment.
Portrait of Empress Zheng of Xiansu
On September 5, 1131, the first year of the Southern Song Dynasty, Empress Zheng died of illness in the Five Kingdoms City of the Jin Kingdom (present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province) at the age of fifty-two. Five years later, Song Huizong also died in the Five Kingdoms City.
Portrait of Empress Zheng
In 1137, the seventh year of Shaoxing of the Southern Song Dynasty, He Su and other envoys returned from the Jin Kingdom, and the Southern Song Emperor learned that Emperor Taishang and Empress Zheng had died, and Emperor Gaozong of Song at that time was greatly saddened after hearing this. The edict was re-established and given the title "Xiansu" for the Zheng clan.
In the twelfth year of Shaoxing of the Southern Song Dynasty, in 1142 AD, Emperor Huizong of Song and the remains of Empress Zheng were transported back to the Southern Song Dynasty for joint burial.
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song and Empress Zheng
The coffins of Emperor Huizong of Song and Empress Zheng returned to the Southern Song Dynasty
On the day that the coffin of Emperor Huizong of Song returned to the Southern Song Dynasty, Empress Zheng's relatives moved officials on a different basis, and they were in charge of the Huizong Sect's room, taking the day of mourning as a taboo. In October, the Southern Song court temporarily buried the coffin of Emperor Huizong of Song in Huiji (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), known as the "Yongyou Mausoleum".
As the posthumous empress of Emperor Gaozong's biological mother
Empress Hsien Jen (posthumously) – Webster
Merriam-Webster
Wei Shi, born in 1080 AD, a native of Kaifeng, she was a concubine Wei Xian of Emperor Huizong of Song, and the biological mother of Emperor Gaozong of Song.
The harem promotion history of the palace maid Webster
Pyeongchang Jun - Cairen - Jieyu - Xiurong - Concubine Longdeok Palace
Wei and Qiao were originally ordinary maids in Queen Zheng's palace, and they became sisters, and when one of them was rich, they could not forget the other.
Later, Qiao was first favored by Emperor Huizong and made a noble concubine, and later Qiao recommended Wei to Emperor Huizong, and Wei was thus honored.
In the fifth year of Chongning, Wei was given the title "Prince of Pyeongchang County". In February of the first year of Daguan, Wei's Jin was given the title of "Cairen", and in June of the same year, he was given the title of "Jieyu".
In the second year of Daguan, Wei was promoted to "Xiurong", but at this time she was no longer favored, when Jin Ren asked Emperor Huizong's son to go to the Jin Kingdom as a hostage, because King Kang Zhao Zhi went voluntarily, Emperor Huizong of Song named Wei Xiurong as "Concubine Xian of Longde Palace".
After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was captured to the Jin Kingdom
In 1127, when the Jingkang Disaster occurred, Concubine Wei Xian, together with Hui, Emperor Qin, the concubines of the Six Palaces, the royal princess and others, were captured by the Jin people and escorted to the Jin Kingdom, among which "the plundered washed their faces with tears every day, and the chieftains embraced women, drank wine and meat, played orchestras, and were full of joy." ”
In August 1128, the second year of Jianyan, their group arrived in Shangjing (present-day Bahrain Zuoqi, Inner Mongolia). More than 300 people under Concubine Wei Xian entered the Huanyi Courtyard (official brothel), and the history records that "women were divided into everyone, regardless of their fame and festival, they still had physiology, and they were divided among them, and ten people and nine prostitutes were killed, and their lives were also killed."
His son Zhao Shu ascended the throne as emperor and established the Southern Song Dynasty
Concubine Wei Xian was honored as "Empress Xuanhe"
Her son Zhao Zhi ascended the throne in Nanjing for Emperor Gaozong of Song, and Concubine Wei was transferred to Wuguocheng (五国城, in present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang), where she was imprisoned with Emperor Huizong of Song.
Portrait of Emperor Gaozong of Song
After Emperor Gaozong of Song heard the news of the death of Emperor Huizong of Song and Empress Zheng, he issued an edict and an edict to the ministers: "The biological mother Wei's Spring and Autumn Gao, who is not afraid of the peace of mind, bows to himself and asks for peace, and it is for this ear." "Hanlin bachelor Zhu Zhen quoted the story of Tang Jianzhong and asked Wei to be honored as the empress dowager.
Therefore, after Zhao Shu took the throne, Concubine Wei Xian, as her mother, was honored as "Empress Xuanhe". The treasure was placed in the Cining Hall, and every time Wei's birthday and Zhishuo arrived, Emperor Gaozong of Song would give a congratulatory gift.
Emperor Gaozong of Song often said: "There is a world, but you can't raise your relatives." Huizong has no match! I make a letter of oath today, and when it is clearly said that it belongs to my Empress Dowager, I will not be ashamed to make peace, otherwise, I will not be afraid to use troops, and I will wait for it to be returned."
Emperor Gaozong of Song also said: "If you are too consequential, you should keep your oath, and if you have not, although you have a vow, it is a false text." ”
In November 1141, the first year of the emperor's reign, Song and Jin reached a written agreement for the Shaoxing Peace Conference. On the night Chinese New Year's Eve late December (January 27, 1142), the Southern Song court killed Yue Fei, a famous anti-Jin general.
According to the "History of Song", killing Yue Fei was to meet the premise set by the "Complete Yan Zongbi" discussion.
Song Jinhe was negotiated, and Webster returned to the Southern Song Dynasty
After 15 years of humiliation and stolen life in Jinguo, he returned to his hometown alive
Webster's return to the Southern Song Dynasty scene
In March 1142 of the twelfth year of Shaoxing, Song Jin's Shaoxing Peace Conference completely completed all the procedures. In April of the same year (May 1, 1142 AD), Emperor Gaozong of Song's biological mother Wei Xian returned to the Southern Song Dynasty with the coffin of Emperor Huizong of Song.
The carriage in which Webster sat when returning to the Southern Song Dynasty
In April, from Yanshan from Dongpingzhou, from Qinghe to Chuzhou. After crossing Huai, Emperor Gaozong of Song ordered Empress Dowager Wei's younger brother "Wei Yuan" the Prince of Anle County, Princess Grand Chang of Qinlu State, and Princess Wu Guochang to greet him on both sides of the road.
A subject of the Southern Song Dynasty who welcomed Webster's return
Emperor Gaozong of Song personally went to Linping to greet Wei, and the king of Pu'an County, Zaizhi, the two provinces, and the three Ya Guan troops were all subordinate. In August of the same year, more than ten ox carts arrived in Lin'an, and by this time, Wei, who had endured humiliation and burdens in the Jin Kingdom for 15 years, finally returned to his hometown alive, and when Song Gaozong first saw Empress Dowager Wei, the mother and son cried with joy. Later, in Lin'an, Wei entered the Cining Palace.
Portrait of Song Qinzong
When Wei left the Jin Kingdom, Song Qinzong, who was still alive at this time, desperately grabbed the wheel under her seat and asked her to tell Song Gaozong that if he could go back, he would be satisfied as long as he was a Taiyi Palace Master.
Unexpectedly, Concubine Wei Xianfei cried and said, "If you don't come back, I'd rather be blind", which was a tactful refusal of Song Qinzong's request.
As a mother, Wei knew her son's hidden worries about the throne (at this time, Emperor Gaozong of Song was dead, and the living Qinzong would inevitably inherit his throne when he returned), so she did not dare to repeat the promise she made to Qinzong that day after her return.
It may be that he broke his trust and Song Qinzong, Wei really suffered from eye disease in his later years, it should be a cataract, and the Taoist priest Huangfutan cured an eye for Empress Dowager Wei with acupuncture, and later she lived for another seventeen years.
Webster enjoyed 17 years of prosperity and wealth in the Southern Song Dynasty
He died at the age of 80 and was posthumously known as "Hsien Ren"
In the twenty-ninth year of Shaoxing, Empress Dowager Wei became eighty years old and resumed the celebration ceremony. Relatives who enter the first class of officials, ninety people and other 90, and children of the clan who have reached the age of 80 of their parents, they shall be conferred by officials.
In September, Empress Dowager Wei fell ill, Emperor Gaozong of Song ignored the dynasty, and the edict prayed for heaven and earth, the temple, and the social welfare, granted amnesty to the world, and reduced taxes to pray for the Empress Dowager.
On September 20, 1159, the 29th year of Shaoxing, Wei died in the Cining Palace at the age of eighty. It is also recorded that he died at the age of 90. Posthumously, he was called "Xianren".
After Wei's death, he temporarily saved up in the west of the Yongyou Mausoleum, where the Emperor of the Imperial Temple was located. Fourteen relatives were promoted to the ranks, and three were appointed officials.
Because of the folk rumors at that time that Empress Dowager Wei married and had children in the Kingdom of Jin, Emperor Gaozong of Song increased the actual age of the Empress Dowager by 10 years in order to reduce the rumors, but Wei's life to eighty years old can be regarded as a person with a high life. In comparison, her end was much better than that of Song Huizong and Empress Zheng, who died of illness in a foreign country early.
What special treatment did Song Huizong suffer after he was captured?
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song
Emperor Huizong of Song suffered a lot of humiliation on the way to be escorted. First, the concubine Wang Wanrong and others were forcibly asked for by the Jin general. Then, after arriving at the capital of the Jin Kingdom, he was ordered to wear mourning clothes with his son Zhao Huan to perform the "sheep-pulling ceremony" to see the temple where Jin Taizu finished Yan A bone, which means that the Jin Emperor offered prisoners to Taizu.
Emperor Huizong of Song also insulted him by Emperor Jin and named him the "Duke of Dude", and first imprisoned them in Hanzhou (present-day Changtu County, Liaoning Province).
During his imprisonment, Song Huizong suffered a lot of mental torture and wrote many poems of remorse, sorrow, and desolation, such as: "All night the west wind broke through, and the depression and loneliness of the pavilion were faint." Jiashan looked back for 3,000 miles, and there were no geese flying in the south of the mountain."
In July 1127, the second year of Jingkang, Cao Xun, a courtier of the Song Hui sect, secretly fled from the Jin Kingdom to the Southern Song Dynasty, and before leaving gave him a vest he wore, the vest was read, "You come to the rescue of your parents." ”
Emperor Huizong of Song cried and told Cao Xun, remembering to tell King Kang Zhao Shu "Don't forget the pain of my northward journey", said and took out the white gauze handkerchief to wipe my tears, and then handed the handkerchief to Cao Xun and said: "Let the emperor know deeply that I miss my motherland and cry sadly." ”
In July 1130, the eighth year of the Jin Tianhui, the Jin Dynasty moved the Second Emperor to the Five Kingdoms City (present-day Yilan County, Heilongjiang Province) and imprisoned him.
When their group braved the cold winter to cross the mountains and reach the Five Kingdoms City, there were only more than 140 men and women left in their entourage. Even during his exile, Emperor Huizong of Song was still good at writing poetry, and he was deeply moved when he read the biography of Li Yu in the Tang Dynasty.
After nine years in captivity, he died tragically in a foreign country
Seven years after Song Huizong's death, his soul returned to his hometown
Emperor Huizong of Song had a total of 38 sons and 42 daughters in his lifetime, 32 sons before the "Jingkang Change", and after the "Jingkang Change" arrived in the Jin Kingdom, he gave birth to 6 sons and 8 daughters during his nine years in captivity.
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song
On April Jiazi Day, the fifth year of the Southern Song Dynasty Shaoxing, Emperor Huizong of Song, Zhao He, finally died in the Five Kingdoms City due to mental torture at the age of 54. After his death, Jin Xizong buried him in Guangning, Henan (near present-day Luoyang, Henan).
Kim Hee-jong
In February 1141, in order to improve relations with the Southern Song Dynasty, Jin Xizong posthumously named the deceased Emperor Huizong of Song the "King of Tianshui County" and the surviving Emperor Qinzong of Song the "Duke of Tianshui County".
Kim Hee-jong
The Emperor of the Jin State raised the rank of the dead Emperor Huizong of Song, who was originally named the Duke of Erpin Dude and now posthumously honoured as the King of Tianshui County, and was promoted to the rank of First Pin.
Emperor Qinzong of Song, who was originally alive, was the Marquis of the Third Rank Chongdu, and was now made the Duke of Tianshui Commandery and promoted to the Second Rank.
This removed the insulting meaning of the emblem and the second emperor of Qin in the original title, and used the Zhao surname Tianshui tribe Wangzhi County as the title to show respect.
Emperor Huizong of Song and Empress Zheng returned to the Southern Song Dynasty in coffin
In March 1142 of the twelfth year of Shaoxing, Song Jin's Shaoxing Peace Conference completely completed all the procedures. On May 1, 1142, Emperor Gaozong of Song's biological mother Concubine Wei Xian returned to Song with Emperor Huizong of Song. At this time, Song Huizong, who had been dead for seven years, finally returned to his hometown.
Song Liuling stone statue life
In August of the same year, more than ten ox carts arrived in Liangzhe, and in October, the Southern Song Dynasty temporarily buried Emperor Huizong in the Yongyou Mausoleum in Huiji County, Shaoxing Prefecture (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province), and the temple number was Huizong. This also caused a special situation that although Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was the emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was buried in the Southern Song Imperial Mausoleum in Shaoxing Prefecture after his death.
What is the meaning of the "palace" of the Song Dynasty empress?
How the Southern Song Dynasty "Emperor's Palace" was built
Emperor Huizong of Song and Empress Zheng were the first pair of empresses to be buried in the "palace" in the imperial mausoleum of the Southern Song Dynasty.
Portrait of Emperor Huizong of Song
Song Huizong, Xiansu Empress Zheng, Xianren Empress Wei's mausoleum distribution map
Song Liuling
"Saving Palace" refers to the temporary funeral place of the Song Dynasty emperors, especially the funeral palace of the Son of Heaven, since the Song regime traveled south, the tombs of successive Southern Song emperors and empresses are called "Saving Palace" to take its meaning of "suspending and accumulating". They also planned to reclaim the Central Plains and move the dead empresses back to their ancestral tomb Gongyi Emperor's Mausoleum (present-day Gongyi County, Henan).
The "History of Song" records that "at the beginning of the reign of Empress Dowager Longyou, when the Meng clan ascended, the court of the Southern Song Dynasty wanted to build a mountain tomb. Zeng Gongyang, a minister of the two Zhejiang provinces, said: "The emperor's mausoleum is preserved in Yiluo, and it will be returned to the Central Plains in the near future, and it is advisable to temporarily settle down in the name of 'saving the palace' so that the foundation of the Great Song Dynasty will be restored in the future."
Starting from the Empress Huizong of the Song Dynasty, after the death of the emperors and empresses of the Southern Song Dynasty, they were all buried in Baoshan Quan, shallow burials here, and the palace was prefixed with the number of the tomb, so the official name of the Six Tombs of the Song Dynasty should be "Emperor Palace".
According to the old system, the imperial underground palace of the Northern Song Emperor's tomb had to be dug nine feet deep, but when it came to the Southern Song Emperor's tomb, the "palace" was only dug nine feet deep, which is of course due to the objective difficulty of the high groundwater table in the south of the Jiangnan, but it is more about the convenience of moving and burial afterwards.
The "palace and stone Zangzi" system of the Southern Song Dynasty mausoleums
Restoration of the Palace of the Palace and the Glans House in the No. 1 Mausoleum of the Song Liuling Tombs
The construction of the Southern Song Palace did not have a mausoleum and a stone statue and a divine wall, but only placed the coffin of the emperor and empress in a large stone rafter, becoming a "stone treasurer", paying attention to sealing.
The stone is laid on the wall of the box, with a layer of cypress planks, which are covered with a top stone, and the stone is paved with bricks, which is level with the ground.
The offering hall is built directly above the stone zangzi, which is in the shape of a convex shape, called the "glans offering hall", which is connected to the "enjoyment hall" used for sacrifice. The entire mausoleum consists of the lower palace, which consists of the front and back halls and the east and west corridors.
Song Ling upper palace, lower palace
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, the tombs of the Southern Song Dynasty were stolen and excavated, and none of them were spared, and the ruins of the palace were also destroyed. At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, King Zhang Shicheng of Wu buried his mother Cao according to the Song Emperor's mausoleum system, providing archaeological examples of Shizangzi.
Restoration of Shaoxing Song Liuling No. 1 Mausoleum
Since the Song regime crossed south, the Southern Song monarchs still hoped to bury the emperors and descendants back to the ancestral tomb of Gongyi. To this end, the Southern Song Dynasty had two attempts.
In 1139, the Song and Jin dynasties reached the first peace agreement, and the Jin dynasty agreed to use the Yellow River as the boundary to return the land of Henan and Shaanxi and the coffin of Emperor Huizong of Song. Emperor Gaozong of Song then sent people to Gongyi to survey the mausoleum for his father.
Old photo of Song Liuling
In 1234, Song and Mongolia united to destroy Jin, and Emperor Lizong of Song then sent people to repair the Gongyi Imperial Mausoleum. However, these two attempts were unsuccessful, and until the fall of the Southern Song Dynasty, the six emperors of the Southern Song Dynasty and the Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty remained buried in Shaoxing.
Through the written records in the history books, it truly shows the life legends of the concubines of the Northern Song court, and their fate is often closely related to the political situation and the rise and fall of the country at that time. The secret history of the harem of the Northern Song Dynasty and the major events of the dynasty are also indispensable historical chapters. Thank you readers for reading, regular updates, welcome to the next issue, stay tuned!