There is a prime minister in history, when the world is in turmoil, he actually sat in the phase for nearly thirty years, when he governed one side, he had quite a "graceful and benevolent art", and his reputation among the military and the people was also good, he was an outstanding "confidential secretary" of the prince of Tianzi, and his work was extremely rigorous and meticulous, even if he sprinkled trivial things such as cleaning, he could do it himself in the daily management, and later he became the minister of Wang Zuofu, whether it was the cruel Son of Heaven, or the unreasonable and illiterate emperor, In front of him, he can show "obedience to his words and follow the flow of advice".
In the more than thirty years that he has entered the career path, he has assisted a prince, ten "Han family" sons of heaven and a foreign emperor, a total of one king and eleven emperors, and no king does not regard him as a "heavy weapon of the country", but in the later life, this king was actually scolded by Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang and other famous ministers in every way, and even called him "the best of traitors", but only Su Dongpo's own brother Su Zhi said of him: "When I look at his actions and sneak sorrow, when he is abolished, either inside or outside, although he is the prime minister, but the power is not in his own, and the occurrence of calamity is not his fault." Every emperor of the Tao is advised by frugality, and the people are less peaceful. He was born in five generations, standing among tyrants and arrogant generals, and he was in the company of the tiger and the tiger, such as the Taoist, and the deliberator is sincerely forgiven! ”
That is to say, he saw the deeds of his people, but felt very sad, at that time the dynasty was abolished frequently, whether he was in the Central Plains, or in Fangzhen, or in a foreign land, although he was the prime minister, but did not have the power to kill and die, those huge disasters and mutinies, were not caused by him, so it was not his fault, he always advised those emperors in a respectful way, so that the people were a little peaceful, he lived in the chaotic era of the fifth dynasty, standing as a tyrant arrogant general, just like day and night with the tiger and beast, commenting on a scribe like him, Those who criticize him should be a little forgiving! ”
Speaking of this, I am afraid that many officials have already guessed who the editor is talking about! He is the fifth generation prime minister Feng Dao, who was scolded as a "tumbler of the four dynasties" in later generations, and surrendered to seek wealth and honor when he saw the "strong lord and tyrant", but is he really such a shameless person? Why is his evaluation so controversial in later generations? Today we will talk about this "Changle" Prime Minister Feng Dao in troubled times.
Feng Dao, also called Feng Kedao, he is a native of Jingcheng, Yingzhou, during the fifth dynasty of the Tang Dynasty, which is now the boundary of Cangzhou, Hebei, at the beginning he worked as a farmer, and later read and became a Confucian, but there is no profession he can always be, but he is still pure and kind, and studious like to write articles, and is not picky about torn clothes, coarse tea and light rice, he is still relatively filial to his parents, often carrying rice grain back to serve his parents, in addition to his only hobby is chanting poetry and discussing current affairs, even if the door is closed in heavy snow, Under the harsh environment full of dust, he can also be at peace.
During the reign of Emperor Tang Zhaozong, Liu Shouguang the Prince of Yan appointed him as Youzhou, and later Liu Shouguang led troops to conquer Zhongshan and asked his staff for advice, but Feng Dao repeatedly asked him not to use troops, which caused Liu Shouguang to anger and put him in prison, and later he was saved by intercession by others, only to save him from death. Soon after, Liu Shouguang's army was defeated, Feng Dao fled to Taiyuan, when the Jin king Li Ke used his army to supervise the eunuch Zhang Chengye, so he recruited Feng Dao to his command to be the inspector of this court, Zhang Chengye valued his writing very much, and treated him extremely kindly, at that time there was another man named Zhou Yuanbao, who was good at identifying the weather of others, and he was not in harmony with Feng Dao, so he said to Zhang Chengye: "Feng Sheng has no future, and you must not overuse him!" ”
At that time, after hearing about it, Lu Zhen, the envoy of Hedong Jiedu, said: "I have seen Du Huangxiang's Sikong photo picture, Feng Dao's appearance is very similar to Du Sikong, he will be greatly used by the emperor in the future, and the side of the Yuan Leopard is not trustworthy!" Zhang Chengye then recommended Feng Dao to work in the overlord mansion of His Royal Highness the King of Jin, and soon he became a confidential document in the Taiyuan Left Mansion, when the newly appointed Jin king Li Cunxuan had just annexed Hebei, and the paperwork was very complicated, so it was all handed over to Feng Dao to manage.
Later, Li Cunxuan and the army of Houliang faced off in the river, preparing for a decisive battle, and one day Guo Chongtao, the supreme strategist of the King of Jin, thought that the food of the generals was too much and too good, and the cooks in the army could not handle such good food at all during the battle, so please remove some names, and the hero of the first generation, Li Cunxuan, said angrily: "Lonely prepares the best food for these soldiers who serve their lives, if this thing cannot be free, what face does Lonely have to command the men and horses of the three towns in Hebei?" You better let the three armies choose another sage lord as the commander! Please return to your hometown in Taiyuan and make way for the sage! So he quickly ordered Feng Dao to draft the royal decree and prepare to announce his abdication in front of the three armies.
Feng Dao held the brush tightly, but did not write for a long time, Li Poyu urged him very seriously, Feng Dao still slowly got up and replied: "Feng Dao is specially in charge of the pen and inkstone for the great king, how can anyone dare not do his duty?" It's just that the king has now made great achievements many times, and he has calmed down the thieves in the south, Guo Junshi has some advice, but also for the sake of His Highness, there is no excess, you don't agree, how can you say such negative words just now? In this way, the crowd is stirred, the army's heart is shaken, and the enemy is let know, and the great king and the prince are not in harmony? At that time, the king's hegemony will encounter trouble, I hope the king thinks about it, then the world is very lucky! ”
Not long after, Guo Chongtao also ran in to apologize, and Feng Dao explained to the two monarchs, and Li Cunxuan, who had always been majestic and domineering, also began to admire his courage, and the generals of the three armies also respected him after hearing this. Later, Li Cunxuan ascended the throne in the Ye Palace as emperor and became the emperor of Tang Zhuangzong of the Later Tang Empire, Feng Dao was appointed as a bachelor of Hanlin, and directly changed the Qingyi official robe to the most noble purple-clothed official robe, not long after, Tang Zhuangzong completely pacified the Later Liang dynasty, and promoted Feng Dao to be a Zhongshushe and a household attendant, and later his father died, and he resigned his official post and returned to Jingcheng Dingxuan, it is said that when he heard of his father's death, he looked at the stars in the night sky barefoot and desperately rushed home, and his family chased after him with his clothes bag on his back, It can be seen that he is indeed a filial son.
But this year was also the year of famine, Feng Dao actually gave all his surplus to the villagers, and he himself lived in a grass hut, the local thorn history, taishou, county order came to send him something, whether it was a bucket of rice or a horse of cloth, he was resolutely not accepted, at that time the Khitan Empire in the north was very strong, so far away but heard of Feng Dao's virtuous name, and even sent an iron horse to capture Feng Dao back to become an official, just happened to be prepared for the soldiers, Feng Dao was not captured.
Later, Tang Zhuangzong's righteous brother Tang Mingzong Li Siyuan entered Luoyang to claim the emperor, and he asked his close minister An Chongxu: "Where does Feng Daolangzhong live now when he was emperor?" An Chongyu replied, "He has always been a Hanlin bachelor by Zhuangzong's side, and now he should be doing things in the Hanlin Academy!" Tang Mingzong said: "The widow has always known about this person, and he can be a good prime minister!" "Soon appointed Feng Dao as a scholar of the Duanming Temple, and soon he was promoted to Zhongshu Shilang, Shangshu of the Criminal Department, and Pingzhangshi, almost the prime minister of the Eight Classics.
At that time, those lonely and poor scholars, all those who were talented and artistic, as well as well-informed people would be introduced by Feng Dao to the imperial court as officials, and those who did not behave and behave impetuously wanted to enter the imperial court as officials, Feng Dao would definitely suppress and teach them a lesson. At that time, after Ren Zan, the waiter of the Ministry of Work, retired from the dynasty, the official who was actually standing side by side with him joked behind Feng Dao: "If you walk too quickly, you will definitely lose the book "Rabbit Garden Strategy"!" After Feng Dao understood, he called Ren Zan to him and said: "Li Yun, the seventh son of Emperor Taizong of Tang, Jiang Wang, compares himself to Liu Wu, the Prince of Liang Xiao, the brother of Emperor Jing of Han, and King Liang Xiao has a famous garden called the Rabbit Garden, Li Yun summoned the famous Confucian to compile this set of "Rabbit Garden Strategy", you think this is a children's enlightenment book, Feng really likes to read, you pretentious gentlemen only like to read those literary show, gorgeous splendid articles, and then think that this is the capital that you can become an official, so as to come to me to steal the position of public secretary, alas!" What a shallow aspiration this is! ”
Ren Zan was greatly ashamed when he heard this, and later there was a prime minister named Li Qi of the former dynasty and Later Liang, who thought that he had a good article, so he presented a "Table of the King of Heping Zhongshan" to Tang Mingzong, which had a sentence "sweep away the rebel thief of Zhending", and Feng Dao said to Li Qi after reading it: "The emperor recovered Dingzhou a few days ago, not Zhending Mansion!" "Li Qi, as the prime minister, has a very good writing, but he is ignorant of geographical knowledge, and after being hit by Feng Dao this time, he no longer dares to boast of his ability.
Later, the hundred officials presented the emblem for Tang Mingzong in a total of three chapters, and Feng Dao himself wrote a persuasion table, and his text was natural, not a vulgar body, which shocked the Manchu Dynasty for a while, and no one disobeyed his prime minister Wen Cai. Feng Dao was especially good at writing Yongfu, and it was written in chapters, both elegant and gorgeous, and containing ancient meanings, at that time, people near and far were desperately trying to pass on his articles, and everyone gradually became in awe of him, thinking that he was an unfathomable person, so every time he went to court, no official like Ren Zan teased him, and everyone obeyed his orders very solemnly.
Soon after, Tang Mingzong changed his appointment to Feng Dao as a disciple attendant, a Hubu official Shuangshangshu, and a double scholar of the Jixian Hall Hongwenkan, and then added Shangshu Zuo Servant, and then added the title of Duke of Shiping County, which was simply powerful in Luoyang and an extremely powerful minister. One day after retiring from the dynasty, Tang Mingzong said to the attendants beside him: "Feng Dao is too pure and thrifty, he actually lived in only one thatched house in Desheng Zhai before, and ate in a pot with his servants, and there was only some hay on the bed where he slept, but he was calm and calm, when his father died, he returned to the township, and he also farmed his own land, chopped firewood and mixed with farmers, completely without the noble style of superiority, he was a real doctor!" ”
In fact, this happened to be the favor of Tang Mingzong, who did not even have a name when he was a child, only a Hu man nicknamed Qiao Yulie, and he was illiterate, and after becoming an emperor, he hurt civil officials, nobles and readers to look down on him. Therefore, a talented and prestigious scholar like Feng Dao was obedient to him, and there was no shelf at all, how could he not please him?
Every time Tang Mingzong came to Yanying Hall to discuss matters, and after the group of ministers left, he would leave Feng Dao to privately inquire about what he had seen outside the palace, Feng Daoyan said: "Your Majesty to Dechengtian, you just need to be prudent day by day to be the emperor, in order to answer the heart of heaven, God will always send Xiangrui to you, every time the minister remembered that when the former emperor Zhuangzong Tianzi was the king of Jin, he once went to Zhongshan as an envoy, and encountered a dangerous situation in this place of Jingxi, I have always been very worried that the horse's hooves will make me fall, so I dare not slack, and have been holding on to the reins, When I got to the flat territory, I stopped controlling the horse so hard, but I was turned over by the horse and almost fell to my death. Although what the minister said is only a small matter, but it can be a small metaphor, Your Majesty should not think that if there is nothing to do today, the sea is clear and the grain is ripe, you can indulge in pleasure, you have to be conscientious, this is what the minister wants! ”
After hearing this, Tang Mingzong thought it was true, and one day, Tang Mingzong asked Feng again: "Although the grain and grain in the world are ripe, can the people eat enough?" Feng Dao replied: "Yes, because the price of grain is expensive, the farmer will starve, if the price of grain is low, and the farmer cannot make money, this is a common sense since ancient times, and the farmers in the world are suffering!" Chen remembered that there was a son Nie Yizhong in the previous dynasty, who once had a "Poem on the Wounded Field" Youyun, selling new silk in February, and autumn valley in May, healing sores under his eyes, but cutting off his heart and flesh. I want the heart of a king to be a candle of light, not according to the feast, but to the house of flight.
Tang Mingzong said: "This poem is very good! So he asked the attendants to record everything Feng Dao said, and often took it out to alert himself. Every time Feng Dao speaks in the court, he is concise and loyal, which is quite beneficial to the imperial government, which is not within the reach of ordinary people! At that time, there were many fallacies in the Confucian classics that were passed down to the world, and Feng Dao and Li Yu, who was an official of the same dynasty, appointed Tian Min, a scholar, to take the stone sutra published by Zheng Qin of Chang'an in Xijing, carve it into a printed book, and then spread it all over the world.
Later, Emperor Mingzong of Tang died, and the late Tang emperor Li Congke took the throne, appointed Feng Dao as the envoy of the mountain, and after completing the funeral, Feng Dao was sent to Tongzhou as a town guard general, which is an old practice for royal funeral officials. Feng Dao was indifferent and idle for politics, and the prison was not happy, one day a military official, very rough temperament, because of some small things Feng Dao was very dissatisfied, so he ran to the gate to insult Feng Dao in every way, left and right hurriedly ran to report to Feng Dao many times, Feng Dao resolutely refused, just said: "This person is just drunk!" Then he summoned this military official into the palace and respected him very much, and arranged food for him, and did not let him get up and leave until dark, and Feng Dao did not have any anger during the whole process, and not long after, the late Tang Emperor promoted Feng Dao to Sikong and ranked as the third duke.
Later, the late Tang emperor self-immolated, and the later Jin emperor Shi Jingyu rushed into Luoyang City, became the emperor, and assisted the prime minister with Feng Dao, and the next year, the Khitan Empire sent an envoy to Shi Jingyao to give Shi Jingyao the emblem of the Son of Heaven, so frightened that Shi Jingyao also presented the emblem to the Khitan emperor Yelu Deguang, and said to Feng Dao: "To contact the Khitan, this trip must be Qing!" At that time, everyone was afraid of the Khitan, only Feng Dao did not have a trace of embarrassment, but Shi Jingyao suddenly said: "The official position is noble, and the moral character is noble, you still can't go deep into the desert to go to the Khitan!" Feng Dao said: "Your Majesty is favored by the Khitan Northern Dynasty, and your subjects are favored by Your Majesty, everyone talk well, and exchange courtesies, why not!" ”
When Feng Dao arrived at the West Building of the Khitan capital, the Khitan Emperor had heard of his virtuous name and was anxious to go out of the city to meet Feng Dao, but his minister said: "The Son of Heaven has no gift to welcome the prime minister!" So Yelud Guang did not be rude, but because of this action, Feng Dao moved the two countries for a while, Yelud Guang was very happy after seeing Feng Dao, and even gave him a whole bull's head, which is a very high special gift from the Khitan, and later Yelud Guang wanted to keep Feng Dao by his side as his prime minister, Feng Dao replied: "Now the Southern Dynasty Great Jin Emperor Shi Mou is the son, the Northern Dynasty Khitan Emperor Deguang you are the father, you two are father and son, and the prime minister is a minister in the two dynasties, where is the difference!" These words were so seamless that Yelud Guang had to give him another pair of fine tooth wats, and the Khitan Manchu courtiers were envious, even their own heavy ministers had never received such courtesy.
Although Feng Dao wanted to return to the Central Plains, he was afraid that the Khitan Emperor would force him to keep him, so he sent all the treasures and property given to him by the lord of the country to the market to buy firewood and charcoal, and secretly let people spread the word out: "The bitter cold in the north, I am too old to bear the harsh winter, I should be prepared for it!" "It's like staying in the Khitan for a long time, Yelud Guang was very happy when he knew it, but the Khitan ministers were not happy, so he wrote in every possible way to send Feng Dao back to the Central Plains, and Feng Dao actually begged to stay three times, but it made Yelud Guang very embarrassed, he was originally because he preempted his eldest brother Yelube to become the Khitan emperor, and caused many courtiers and nobles in the country to be dissatisfied with him, and now he wants to use Hanchen, I am afraid that it will further provoke the Khitan nobles to resist him, so he had to forcibly repatriate the sage Feng Dao in his heart.
But after Feng Dao received the holy decree of Yelud Guang, he actually forcibly stayed in the inn for more than a month, which made Yelud Guang moved and helpless, and even more desperate for him to leave quickly, Feng Dao saw that the Khitan monarchs were impatient with him, so he decided to set off, but he walked slowly on the road, and actually walked for two months in the territory of Khitan before leaving the country, and his left and right entourage asked him: "When the fierce northern lord let us survive, everyone was eager to plug in the wings and return to the south, why did the gong have to stay alone for two months?" Why is that? Feng Dao sneered: "If I am in a hurry to leave, I will definitely make my impression of the sage greatly reduced in the heart of the Northern Lord, the Khitan war horse runs extremely fast, and can catch us in one night, when the time comes, not only can I not escape, but I will also die very ugly, I slowly leave the country, but it makes the Khitan monarch think that I am more unfathomable!" Everyone was impressed by this.
By the time Feng Dao returned to Jingshi, the Later Jin court had abolished the official position of privy envoy, but transferred the power of the privy envoy to Zhongshu Province according to the old system of the former Tang Dynasty, and even the great seal of the privy council was handed over to Feng Dao, and from then on, everything in the imperial court was in charge of him alone, and soon he was added as Situ and the minister of the chamberlain, and entered the title of Duke of Lu, Shi Jingyu learned that he was actually the idol of the "father emperor" Yelud Guang, and he respected him even more, and even asked him about the use of troops.
Feng Dao replied: "Your Majesty has gone through so many difficulties to create a great cause, you are wise and wise, this is known to everyone in the world, but the Son of Heaven has always been arbitrary, the minister is a scholar, doing some chores for His Majesty to stay in Zhongshu Province, can only abide by the rules of the past, dare not make a single mistake, where do you dare to talk about the ever-changing military strategy?" When the minister was working under your father-in-law Tang Mingzong, Emperor Mingzong also asked Yu Chen about the war, and the minister also replied like this, the minister does not know how to fight, this is a fact! ”
Shi Jingyao saw that he was so "sincere" and was very satisfied with his answer, and Feng Dao repeatedly asked for retirement and resignation, Shi Jingyao did not even look at such a watch, but sent his most trusted nephew, adopted son and quasi-crown prince Zheng Wang Shi Chonggui to visit Feng Dao, and passed on a message: "If Qing does not come to be the prime minister tomorrow, then the widow will personally come and ask Qing to go out!" Feng Dao had no choice but to leave the house to take office, and at that time he was favored and no one could compare.
Later, Shi Chonggui ascended the throne and became the Young Emperor of Jin, also called the Jin Emperor, and appointed Feng Dao as a imperial lieutenant, and entered the title of Duke of Yan, and Feng Dao once asked a friend who was familiar with the dynasty: "But I am the face of the political affairs hall, how do others comment on the true appearance?" The friend replied, "Half of right and wrong!" Feng Dao sneered: "If my actions are the same as theirs, they will say that I am a good person, if I disagree with them, they will say that I am not a good person, and if I am not a good person, I am afraid that nine out of ten times in the Manchu Dynasty!" In the past, Kong Sage was still slandered by Uncle Sun Wu, not to mention that I was just a person with a false name and poor morality? ”
Although many people criticized him, Feng Dao was still not easy to stop his actions, and later someone ran to the Jin Emperor to say bad things about Feng Dao, saying: "Feng Dao can only be the prime minister in peacetime, and when he encounters a difficult moment, he will not help, just like the old monk is not like a hunter can call a falcon!" "Emperor Jin was young and vigorous at that time, and he wanted to make a big difference, so he thought that Feng Daozhen was not suitable to be the prime minister, so he released him and became the envoy of Tongzhou Jiedu.
More than a year later, he was transferred to Nanyang Jiedu Envoy and given the Zhongshu Order, and soon after the Khitan army entered Bianliang, Feng Dao was hurriedly summoned to Beijing from Xiangdeng and Deng Prefectures by his "old friend" Yelu Deguang, and Deguang saw him and asked very kindly: "Now the oligarchs have come to the Central Plains to save the people of the world from fire and water, you tell me how to save it?" Feng Dao sneered and replied, "At this time, the people of the Central Plains, even if the Western Heavenly Buddha comes out again, they can't be saved, but your Majesty the Khitan Emperor can save it!" Deguang was very happy when he heard this, and immediately changed the name of the country to "Daliao", and officially put on the crown of the son of the Han family and ascended the throne again.
And Feng Dao carried out various mediations beside Deguang, so that the well-dressed men of the Central Plains were not slaughtered by the Liao army, which is the merit of Feng Dao and Zhao Yanshou's "Yin Protection"! In March of that year, Emperor Taizong of Liao, Yelud Guangguang, saw that it was difficult to rule the Central Plains, and there were still people in the Liao state who were not convinced by him, so he had to return north, and took all the Tianzi and ministers of the Later Jin Dynasty away, and Feng Dao also arrived at Changshan with them, at this time the Liao lord Deguang died of a serious illness on the way, and his eldest nephew Yelu Ruan the King of Yongkang ruled the people, and then continued north, leaving only one Liao general to guard Changshan.
At that time, the Han family soldiers and horses everywhere hated the Liao people very much, so they chased the Liao generals together and recovered Changshan City, and Feng Dao went around with fellow officials to pacify the army and the people, at this time many people said that he had great merit, but Feng Dao said: "What can I do as a Confucian minister?" This is all the work of the generals! "Feng Dao was highly respected, and people came to ask him to choose a military general to lead everyone, so he chose a diligent and brave man from among the generals, that is, the cavalry captain Bai Yingrong Quan and became a marshal, and all the soldiers and civilians obeyed.
In Changshan, Feng Dao saw Han family women captured by the Liao, and he immediately took out private money to redeem them, then sent them to a nearby nunnery, and then sent someone to find their families for them, and finally let them go home. At that time, the Liao people left Feng Dao, Li Song, and Ning and the civil and military officials of the Later Jin Dynasty in Changshan, until the 29th of the leap month of that year, when the Liao state again sent an edict chasing Li Song back, and ordered him to select ten Han courtiers to work for the Liao court in the Great Liao Muye Mountain.
At this time, the marshal of the Liao State, Mandale, summoned Feng Dao and others to the Chinese army tent, ready to give them the edict of the emperor of the Liao State, and Li Song actually arrived first, he already knew what Mandal meant, and his face showed a very scared look. Mandal was about to send all these Later Jin courtiers to Daliao the next day, and Li Song did not wait for Feng Dao to come and assemble, so he went out with He Ning first, so he was not captured to the north. Soon after, Li Jun and other generals set fire to the Khitan battle, and the killing sound was shocking for a while, and Mandal was so frightened that he sent the Later Jin dynasty soldiers north.
And Feng Dao also ran to Changshan, met the emperor Liu Zhiyuan of the Later Han Gaozu, received a great commendation, and was awarded the position of imperial master, when Liu Zhiyuan gathered soldiers and horses in Taiyuan, and then ordered to prohibit the subjects of the world from trading cowhides privately, and even more forbidden to steal cowhides, if the old cow died, he would immediately call the official office to collect the cowhides, but there were still many people who violated this law, and when Liu Zhiyuan became emperor, the three divisions together played to request the abolition of the world's cowhide law, saying that the people of the world were too bitter because of this, It happened that at that time, more than 20 people who violated the cowhide law in the upper party were sentenced to death.
Zhang Xuan, Liu Zhiyuan's favored eunuch who was a judge in the Shangdang at the time, said: "The lord today is very wise, now the three divisions have said that they want to remove the cowhide law, these more than 20 people can survive, if they are all beheaded now, will they still let all the violators of this law in the world die unjustly?" And the Lord gathered armored soldiers in Hedong, and it was necessary to make armor to strictly prohibit the private sale of cowhides, and now that the Lord is the emperor, does the Lord of the Four Seas still have one less cowhide? What is the use of enacting this law? So he played Liu Zhiyuan again, please stop this law, except for Feng Dao, the Manchu Dynasty Wen Wu did not dare to echo this proposal because Liu Zhiyuan was a fierce martial artist, and they all said: "How can any prefecture and county officials dare to criticize the edict of the imperial court!" ”
Liu Zhiyuan really said angrily: "Zhang Zhaoyi is just a judge, how dare he despise the oligarchs so much!" Those who violate the cowhide law will die according to the law, and eunuch Zhang will also die if he criticizes and slanders the edict of the Son of Heaven! At that time, the edict had not yet been issued, Feng Dao actually rushed into the palace to ask for a meeting on Liu Zhiyuan's fire, Liu Zhiyuan always respected him, so he came out to meet, Feng Dao said: "When Your Majesty was in Hedong, it was okay to monopolize cowhides, now that you have the whole world, cowhides should not be banned, all the subjects in the world are His Majesty's naked sons, you let them die in vain, who of them still regards His Majesty as a monarch?" I really feel sorry for Your Majesty, Zhaoyi Judge, the humble official position but also the servant of Your Majesty, the official position of Your Majesty, so at the risk of life, persistently and daring to listen to heaven, what a good courtier who can be rewarded and cannot be killed! As an auxiliary minister, how can His Majesty harm the lives of people in the world? It can only be said that the minister has the crime of not being able to play early, if His Majesty does not listen to the minister, please ask His Majesty to order the minister to correct the law of the country! After Feng Dao finished speaking, he knelt on the ground and said, "Eunuch Zhang is not in line with the crime, and I hope that His Majesty will forgive his sin!" ”
Liu Zhiyuan sighed for a long time before saying, "The holy decree has been issued!" Feng Dao said, "The edict has not yet been transmitted!" Liu Zhiyuan had to say: "Forgive his sins!" Feng Dao said again: "Can the cowhide Faller stop? Liu Zhiyuan replied, "Yes!" In this way, the cowhide law was abolished under Feng Dao's advice. During the Qianyou period, Feng Dao resigned as prime minister and was released as a magistrate.
He wrote another "Self-Narrative of the Elder Changle", saying: "I fled from Liu Shouguang, the king of Yan, to the command of Li Zhuangxuan, the king of Jin, and served Tang Zhuangzong, Tang Mingzong, Tang Min Emperor, Tang Qingtai Emperor, and then served Later Jin Gaozu Emperor and Jin Emperor Chu, and when the Khitan lord occupied Bianjing, I was controlled by the northern lord, and I tried all means to release the Wen Wu ministers and horse soldiers from Zhenzhou to Han soil, and then served Later Han Gaozu Emperor and now Hanyin Emperor Liu Chengyu.
I went from Shilang to Chaoyi Lang, Chaosan Daifu, Yinqing Guanglu Daifu, Jin Ziguanglu Daifu, Special Minister, Kaifu Yitong Third Division, and later became the Youzhou Jiedu Envoy, Hedong Jiedu Envoy Inspector, and then Hanlin Bachelor, and then changed to Duanmingdian University, Jixian Temple, Taiwei Palace, and then Hongwenkan University, and then served as the salt and iron transfer envoy of the world, the southern suburbs of the great gift, the mountain tomb envoy of Emperor Gaozu of Tang Mingzong, and then the envoy of Dingguo Jiedu, the observation and disposal envoy within the jurisdiction of Tongzhou, and then the envoy of Changchun Palace, the envoy of Wushengjun Jiedu, Deng Suijunfang was an envoy to observe and dispose of the four prefectures, and also served as a military officer in Youfu, a judge of Dali, a superintendent of the Shangshu Ancestral Department of the Inspector and a Attendant of the Royal History, a Inspector of the Imperial Commandery and a Imperial History of the Imperial History, a Inspector of the Imperial Lieutenant, a Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi, a Inspector of the Imperial Master, and a Attendant of the Imperial Division, and also awarded the Imperial Master of the Inspector and the Order of the Imperial Scholar.
He also served as a Zhongshusheren and Hubu Shilang, transferred to the military department Shilang, Zhongshu Shilang, and then served as a disciple attendant, a criminal department official Shangshu, and a right servant, three times as a great sikong, twice as a Zhongshu order, and then as a minister of attendants, and the Son of Heaven gave me the sixteen halberd guards of the private gate, and also awarded me the title of imperial lieutenant, taifu, and taishi. The title was made the Duke of Lu, and then the Duke of Qin, Liang, Yan, and Qi, and the rank ranged from 300 to 11,000 households, and the title was from the Pillar State to the Upper Pillar State. In the names of the meritorious heroes of the Later Tang, Later Jin and Later Han dynasties, he was known as the meritorious hero of Jingbang to Li Yizan, the meritorious hero of Shouzheng Chongde Baobang to Li, the meritorious hero of Anshi Shunyi Chongjing, and the meritorious hero of Chongren Baodening Bang Yishen.
My first wife was Lady Chu of Dezhou, whose daughter died early, and later married Lady Sun of Jingzhou, she was named Lady of Shu, and my eldest son Feng Ping had died early. The second son Feng Ji was a tuntianlangzhong, the third son also died early, he called Feng Ke as a palace servant, the fourth son died at a young age, the fifth son Feng Yi became a doctor of Yinqing Guanglu, a master of the school Guozi Sacrifice Wine and Imperial History Zhongcheng, and also served as the commander of Yaneidu, and also became the commander of the Dingguo Jiedu Envoy Yaneidu, and also became the Chaosan Dafu, Zuochunfang Prince Si Yilang, and Tai Changcheng, the sixth son Feng Zheng became a imperial servant, and the eldest daughter married the imperial servant Shaoqing Cui Xuan, and was named the Prince of Wannian County. My hometown was renamed three times because of me, Suxiang in the Later Tang Dynasty was changed to Yuanfu Township, and after Jin Tianfu was changed to Shangxiang Township in the fifth year by the emperor, and then changed to Taiwei Township in eight years.
I meditate on the essence of my life, glad that I can still live in this chaotic world, I educate my family and descendants, so that they should be filial to the family, loyal to the country, all the words of the word, the door of the unrighteous goods, the lower do not deceive the earth, the middle does not deceive others, the upper does not deceive the sky, whether rich or poor, noble or cheap must do this, I have always been forgiven by heaven, I can get many blessings through hardships, once trapped in the Liao state and finally returned to China, inhuman scheme, in fact, it is the blessing of heaven!
After I die, I can't have pearl jade in my mouth, I only wear regular clothes, choose a place where I don't eat to bury it, and my descendants sacrifice and kill life, and I should sacrifice it with something that does not harm my life, and I am not allowed to erect a tombstone to sing about death, because Xia Shang does not erect a monument in front of the grave of the third generation. I am not allowed to ask the emperor for a nickname, I have no virtue! I have never forgotten my son, my brother, my subject, my teacher, my husband, and my father. The only drawback is that I, as the prime minister, cannot mix with the sea for the king, pacify the eight directions, and I am sincerely ashamed of the previous officials, so why should I thank Qiankun for his help? I only like to open the book and read a small book, often drink a glass of wine, there is no excessive sound, I am at ease with the moment, old and happy enough! ”
Later, Guo Wei calmed down the civil strife in the Later Han Dynasty, and was about to propose the establishment of Xuzhou to make Liu Yun the emperor of the Later Han, so he sent Feng Dao and the secretary supervisor Zhao Shangjiao, the privy seal Wang Du, etc. to greet, Feng Dao and Liu Yun slowly rushed to Bianliang and marched to Song Prefecture, at this time there happened to be a Lanzhou mutiny, the privy envoy Wang Jun sent Guo Chong to lead troops to rush to the outside of the Yamen courtyard, when Feng Dao and Zhao Shangjian were staying in Yanei, on this day Liu Yun led the left and right warriors to close the door and go upstairs, and then stood upstairs and scolded Guo Chongbuchen, Guo Chong said that Guo Wei had been promoted by the courtiers to become emperor, and Liu Yun knew that the big thing had changed, so he thought that Feng Dao had betrayed Liu Yun, and they all wanted to kill Feng Dao, and after Zhao Shangjian and Wang Du heard about it, they were frightened and overwhelmed, but Feng Dao lived freely and without fear, and finally these soldiers did not dare to move Feng Dao.
When Feng Dao was not found, he once wrote a poem that said: "Finally, when I heard that Haiyue returned to the Ming Lord, I did not save Qiankun and trapped the Ji people." That is, in the end, Guo Wei became the emperor of Later Zhou, and he himself fulfilled the Jiren Tianxiang. In the early years of Later Zhou Guangshun, Guo Wei appointed Feng Dao as a imperial master and Zhongshu Ling, and he was very respectful to him, and did not dare to call him by his first name every time they met, but called him Feng Taishi, and when Guo Wei died, Zhou Shizong took the throne loosely, and appointed Feng Dao as the envoy of the mountain.
At that time, Liu Chong of Hedong led the Northern Han army into Kou Dazhou, and Zhou Shizong, who had never fought before, summoned the ministers to discuss my desire to personally conscript, and directly deal with the combined forces of the Northern Han and Liao Kingdom, Feng Dao immediately obstructed, Zhou Shizong said: "In the early years of the Great Tang Dynasty, the grass in the world swarmed, and it was Tang Taizong Li Shimin who personally suppressed them!" Feng Dao sneered, "Is Your Majesty as Emperor Taizong of Tang?" Zhou Shizong said: "The Northern Han Liu Chong rabble confronts the widow, and the oligarchs should press the mountains and the chickens!" Feng Dao sneered again: "Liu Chong or a chicken, His Majesty is indeed not Taishan Ye!" At this time, Zhou Shizong Tianwei said angrily: "Do you think that the number of times you have been the prime minister of the new dynasty is too small? Feng Dao listened and did not dare to speak again.
Before Zhou Shizong set out for the campaign, he ordered him to go to the tomb of Zhou Taizu Mountain to guard the tomb, when Feng Dao was already seriously ill, and later Zhou Shizong defeated 30,000 Northern Han elite soldiers in Gaoping, beheaded the Han army general Zhang Yuanhui, and frightened off the Liao State Iron Horse 10,000, thus threatening the world, and Feng Dao held a sacrifice in the Zhou Taizu Mountain Mausoleum, and after returning to the old palace according to the god lord, he died in his home on a dark night at the age of seventy-three. After Zhou Shizong heard about it, he still abolished the dynasty for three days, posthumously gifted him as Shangshuling, and posthumously honoured him as the Prince of Ying, with the nickname "Wen Yi".
Feng Dao successively served as the prime minister of the Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Thursday dynasties, and entered the Zhongshu three times, for more than 20 pieces, he finally took "holding weight" as his own responsibility, and was very clean and thrifty in his life. His son Feng Ji is very capable of playing the pipa, Zhou Shizong once let him play in front of the royal palace, and liked his performance very much, so he gave his pipa the name "Thunder Around the Temple", but Feng Dao hated him for not doing his job, every time after condemning him, Feng Ji was more obsessed with playing, the more refined he attacked, Feng Dao was even more angry, every time he had a banquet with guests, he asked Feng Ji to stand in the courtyard to play, but Feng Ji was not ashamed, playing more attentively, Feng Dao was really helpless, had to sigh: "You have to be obsessed with such lowly skills, It seems that it is also the will of God, after all, he can only do a pipe music too often Shaoqing! "And then it didn't happen.
Feng Dao also had some funny anecdotes in his life, it is said that when he was prime minister, he liked to read Lao Tzu's "Tao Te Ching", but there was a sentence of "Dao can be Dao, very Dao", the subordinate officials did not dare to read it in front of him, and when they saw him, they read: "Don't dare to say, don't dare to say, very dare not say!" Feng Dao laughed loudly when he heard this, and once a gentleman named Director Li came to see Feng Dao to ask for an official, and Feng Dao said to him: "You have the same name as me, and now that you have come to ask for an official, it seems that you want to change your name to avoid the name of the original minister!" Li Dao sneered: "My name is different from the name of the old prime minister, I have a way of proportion, you are a way of no proportion, why not!" Feng Dao was embarrassed after hearing this, and suddenly felt that Director Li was mocking him.
But later, another person led a donkey into the market, and was seen by Feng Dao, the donkey had the word "Feng Dao" written on his face, and his servant was furious, and he was about to catch the person who led the donkey, but Feng Dao stopped him: "There are many people with the same name and surname in the world, maybe this person just wrote the name of the donkey owner on it, what's strange?" ”
Later historians commented on Feng Dao, his life did have the style of ancient sages, and his strength was also deeply respected by ancient sages, but he served four different dynasties and served as the prime minister of six emperors, in front of Yan King Liu Shouguang, Tang Zhuangzong Li Cunxuan, Tang Mingzong Li Siyuan, Tang Min Emperor Li Conghou, late Tang Emperor Li Congke, Later Jin Gaozu Shi Jingyu, Jin Emperor Shi Chonggui, Later Han Gaozu Liu Zhiyuan, Later Han Yin Emperor Liu Chengyu, Later Zhou Taizu Guo Wei, Zhou Shizong Chai Rong, and Liao Taizong Yelu Deguang, this king eleven emperors all called their vassals in front of the eleventh emperor, Can such a person be called a loyal courtier?