Cover News Reporter Zhou Yi, Xu Xiangdong, Li Qing, Luo Shiqian
Flowing China
As the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, China's largest river, the four power stations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, Wudongde, Baihetan, Xiluodu and Xiangjiaba, together with the Three Gorges and Gezhouba power stations, constitute the world's largest clean energy corridor.
The Jinsha River water "countercurrents" up the mountain from here
Located on the banks of the Jinsha River at the junction of Sichuan and Yunnan, although Panzhihua in Sichuan relies on the Jinsha River, due to geographical conditions and climate influences, some areas show a state of "coexistence of drought and flood, rapid change of drought and flood, and drought in the north and south". For example, in Pingdi Town, Renhe District, Panzhihua City, due to the vertical drop of hundreds of meters high in the Jinsha River Gorge, only "water flows down the mountain, and people are worried on the mountain."
In April this year, the Jinsha River Grand Canyon solar water pumping station began to be built, with a head of more than 1,000 meters and an installed power of more than 1,000 kilowatts, becoming the largest water diversion project in Asia, allowing the Jinsha River water to "fly up to 3,000 feet".
On August 24, Zhang Yongyue, the site leader of the project, told the cover news reporter that the project is expected to achieve water access around September 10, "quenching thirst" for thousands of acres of land on the mountain.
On the parade
01
"Want" water from the Jinsha River
The water below the mountain "reverses" up the mountain
Pingdi Town, Renhe District, Panzhihua City, is one of the southernmost villages in Sichuan, separated from Yunnan by only one Jinsha River.
Jinsha River Gorge in Pingdi Town, Renhe District, Panzhihua City
Meaning "place where water leaks down" in Yi language, Shu Sha lives near the river, but can only look at the water and sigh. The average annual precipitation here is 780 mm, but the evaporation is as high as 2400 mm, and there is no natural river water in the village, which is a serious resource water shortage area.
In recent years, due to the influence of dry weather, the contradiction of water use in irrigation areas has intensified, and the vegetable planting area of Shusha Village has been reduced by half, and nearly 2,000 mu of arable land has been abandoned due to drought every winter, spring and early summer.
At the end of July, the Tara Reservoir had dried up completely, and the soil at the bottom of the reservoir was full of cracks. According to a village official, the reservoir, with a total capacity of 204,000 cubic meters, has been dry since December last year, and can store more than half of the water during the rainy season and two to three months after the rainy season. ”
How to "quench thirst" for the land? The villagers looked at the Jinsha River at the foot of the mountain.
In a place called Chubuku on the Jinsha River, an integrated pumping station panel house is about to be completed, hundreds of solar panels are laid next to it, and a 5G signal base station stands not far away, and a 14-millimeter-thick pipe extends from the pumping station to the monorail, passing a pressure gauge showing about 10 megapascals, and begins to climb the hill.
Pipes that lead water uphill
On the slope of the hill with a slope of more than 50 degrees, tracks, blue pipes and white PE pipes are arranged side by side, separated by a concrete pier column. The length of this ramp is 1,200 meters, the height difference is 638 meters, and the steepest slope is 56 degrees.
Powered by solar energy, more than 800 cubic meters of water from the Jinsha River will flow upstream along steel pipes and pass through five watersheds to the fields of Shushala Village.
02
Fill the domestic gap
It has become the largest water diversion project in Asia
When Zhang Yongyue first came to this hillside, he saw a desolation, "It was the dry season, the mountain was full of stones, a few trees and grass were yellow, and the soil that was dug for seven or eight meters was dry, that is, there was a lack of water. ”
In April this year, the Jinsha River Grand Canyon solar water pumping station project was launched. Without a ready-made hydraulic model and ready-made unit equipment, how to erect a water transmission line between steep slopes and cliffs is the most difficult technical problem for this project to overcome.
The location of the water diversion pipeline and solar water pumping station along the Jinsha River shows the difficulty of the project
"Start by laying pipes on steep slopes." Zhang Yongyue said, "People can't stand steadily, and it is extremely difficult to transport materials, pour concrete, and weld steel pipes. "The seamless steel pipe can reach 750 pounds at most, and it cannot be transported manually, so it is creatively transported by monorail, and the upper and lower directions are carried out at the same time."
"At that time, when the monorail was purchased, the other party said that it was already the maximum power, but it was not enough to buy it back." After tossing and turning, Zhang Yongyue finally found a monorail that met the requirements, transported the steel pipe to the half-way slope, the worker pulled the safety rope, stood diagonally on the hillside to pour concrete, welded the steel pipe, in order to prevent the ignition of the hay on the slope, each construction point needs to be equipped with 4 fire extinguishers.
The concrete on the mountain goes down the white PE pipe downstream, and concrete pier columns are built to ensure the stability of the steel pipe.
The head exceeds 1,000 meters, and the pressure of the pipeline under the mountain exceeds 10 MPa. "There are no off-the-shelf pipes to use, our pipes are custom-made." According to Zhang Yongyue, each steel pipe is 6 meters long and weighs more than 700 pounds, "manual transportation can not be carried up, we creatively use monorail transportation in the construction, up and down at the same time." ”
"Small flow, high lift and high-power optical storage technology fills the domestic gap." According to Liao Gonglei, deputy chief engineer of Sichuan Machinery Research and Design Institute (Group) Co., Ltd. and leading talent of Tianfu Science and Technology in Sichuan, the system brings together photovoltaic pump enterprises in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Tianjin and Anhui to jointly develop and realize two "more than 1,000 meters", that is, the solar photovoltaic storage pump station has a head of more than 1,000 meters and an installed capacity of more than 1,000 kilowatts, and has achieved the largest water diversion project in Asia.
03
Challenge the heat and rockfall
Complete the impossible
"A lot of people feel it's an impossible task." Recalling the construction process, Zhang Yongyue was both afraid and proud, in addition to technical difficulties, there were also the hardships and dangers of the technician environment.
Connecting the village on the mountain with the water intake below is an adobe road 3 meters wide with stones all over the ground, with large stones above looking crumbling and hillsides hundreds of meters below. "Every day I have to run this road, I have 6 pairs of tires scrapped." What worries Zhang Yongyue the most is construction safety.
The beginning of the diversion pipe
"Construction is prohibited on rainy days and at night." Zhang Yongyue said that because there will be rocks falling on the mountain from time to time, there is no electricity or drinking water at the construction site under the mountain, and the workers are not allowed to live on the construction site at night, and they need to send food and water to the workers under the mountain every day. ”
In addition to the dangerous construction environment, the local hot weather is also a big challenge for workers.
In May this year, Panzhihua had continuous high temperature weather above 40 degrees Celsius, and the Jinsha River was even hotder. "The clothes haven't dried during that time." Zhang Yongyue pulled up his sleeves, and there was an obvious "dividing line" on his arm.
Why did it have to be done? The scene that Zhang Yongyue saw when he first came to Shusha allowed him to find the answer to this question. "At that time, it had been dry for a while, several mountain ponds in the village had dried up, the government used cars to bring drinking water, and villagers lined up to collect water to ensure their livelihood." Zhang Yongyue said that there is not enough water for food, let alone production water, "At that moment, I felt that what I had done and the hardships I had suffered were worth it, and I felt very proud to talk about this project." ”
04
Sunlight "exchanges" water
Third, combine the project to create "Dujiangyan of Panzhihua"
The total investment of the entire Jinsha River Grand Canyon solar water pumping station project is more than 28 million yuan, solar energy generates more than 1,100 kilowatts per day, ensuring that the average daily water lifting of the pumping station is more than 800 cubic meters, and the annual water supply is 312,400 cubic meters.
Pipes that lead water uphill
Mao Jianhua, secretary of the general party branch of Yuanshala Village, estimated that the difficulties in producing water for the five villagers' groups in Yuanshala Village will be solved, and at the same time, 720 mu of new cultivated land will be irrigated, 400 mu of improved cultivated land will be improved, and 500 mu of new forest land will be irrigated, with an annual per capita income of about 3,600 yuan, and the annual income of Teshara Village will reach more than 8 million yuan.
Sun Guanghai, deputy director of the Panzhihua City Water Conservancy Bureau, also calculated an account: the use of solar photovoltaic storage pump station to lift water, the expected water price is about 2 yuan per cubic meter, compared with the traditional electromechanical pump station to lift water, nearly half, if calculated according to the 25-year service life, will save more than 10 million yuan in water costs.
Taking "photovoltaic + energy storage" as the power source is a new road sought in the process of Panzhihua's comprehensive development and utilization of Jinsha River. It was on this road that the "irrigation area project + pumped storage + new energy development" three-combination project, known as Panzhihua's "No. 1 Project", came into being.
According to Xu Xiande, chief engineer of Panzhihua Water Conservancy Bureau, this super project, known as "Dujiangyan of Panzhihua", is currently being stepped up. It includes three parts: Panzhihua Irrigation Area Project, Renhe Pumped Storage Power Station and New Energy Development in the dry and hot valley of the Jinsha River, covering 1,600 square kilometers. After completion, it is expected that the annual water supply will exceed 130 million cubic meters, involving more than 20% of the land space of Panzhihua City, covering more than 70% of the city's population, and covering more than 70% of the city's GDP.
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