Liu Bang was originally the head of a small Surabaya pavilion in present-day Pei County, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, equivalent to today's street security officer. Good drinker by nature, morality, love to make friends.
After a banquet in the county Ling family, Liu Bang, who was in his forties, had a lot of luck and married the daughter of a large family of the Lu family, Lü He, without spending a penny, and Lü Hen was the future Empress Lü. However, due to the private release of prisoners once, Liu Bang became a key criminal and has been hiding in Mangtang Mountain, waiting for an opportunity.
However, a major event that changed Liu Bang's fate soon happened. In July 209 BC, the Dazexiang Uprising led by Chen Sheng and Wu Guang broke out, setting off a nationwide anti-Qin struggle.
Therefore, Liu Bang, assisted by Xiao He and Cao Shen, raised troops in Pei County in response to the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, killed the county order of Pei County, established himself as the Duke of Pei, and soon gathered more than 3,000 people.
At the same time, Xiang Liang, son of Xiang Yan, a famous general of the former Chu state, and his nephew Xiang Yu also killed Huiji Taishou, and also raised troops in Wudi in response to the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, and the army grew to 8,000 people.
After the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, it quickly grew to hundreds of thousands, and after capturing Chen County, they established themselves as kings and established "Dachu", also known as "Zhang Chu". Subsequently, Chen Sheng sent a three-way army to attack the Qin capital Xianyang, and at the same time sent people to attack Zhao Di and Qi Di. Among them, the middle route army led by Zhou Wen marched very quickly, breaking through the bamboo, once attacking the Hangu Pass, and fought until the play.
However, although the rebels were numerous, they were mostly rabble and lacked cooperation with each other. The Qin army quickly organized a counterattack, and after the middle route army was eliminated by the Qin general Zhang Handan, the other rebel armies were also quickly defeated by the Qin army, Wu Guang and Chen Sheng were killed by their subordinates one after another, and the uprising of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang ended in failure.
After the defeat of Chen Sheng and Wu Guang, his subordinates pretended to give orders and worshiped Xiang Liang as the Shangzhu state of Chu. In January 208 BC, Xiang Liang and Xiang Yu led 8,000 Jiangdong disciples to cross the river and join the anti-Qin rebel army of Yingbu and others, and the strength grew to 70,000. After Liu Bang tossed and turned around Pengcheng, he was never able to gain a foothold, and at the suggestion of his subordinates, he also defected to Xiang Liang.
In June 208 BC, in order to justify his name, Xiang Liang followed the advice of his adviser Fan Zeng, and established Xiong Xin, the grandson of King Huai of Chu, as king, also known as "King Huai of Chu", under the banner of reviving the state of Chu, attracting more anti-Qin rebels to join.
In September 208 BC, Xiang Liang was defeated by the Qin general Zhang Wei because of his arrogance and underestimated the enemy, and joined Qi Di Tian Rong to see that he could not be saved, and suddenly died in battle. As a result, the heavy responsibility of opposing Qin fell to Liu Bang and Xiang Yu.
Out of a sense of precaution against Xiang Yu, Chu Huai Wang Xiong Xin arranged the task for him to go north to rescue Zhao with his deputy, and gave Liu Bang the task of entering the pass and destroying Qin, and made a contract with King Huai: Wang Zhi, the one who entered the pass first.
In December 207 BC, Xiang Yu crossed Zhangshui to rescue Zhao, and united with the combined forces of princes to "break the cauldron and sink the boat" in the Battle of Julu, defeating the main force of the Qin army led by Zhang Wei, and killing 200,000 soldiers.
In October 206 BC, Liu Bang heeded the advice of Zhang Liang and others, led his army through Wuguan, and surprisingly attacked Xianyang, and "covenanted three chapters". Seeing that the general trend was gone, Prince Qin had to surrender to Liu Bang with the jade seal of the Qin Dynasty in his hand, and the Qin Dynasty perished.
Originally, according to the covenant of King Huai, "the king of those who enter the gate first". Therefore, it stands to reason that Liu Bang should be named "King of Guanzhong". However, Xiang Yu, who was born as an aristocrat of the State of Chu, was very unconvinced, and led an army of 400,000 to enter Xianyang, stationed at Hongmen, and wanted to attack Liu Bang. Liu Bang knew that he was invincible, so he had to go to Hongmen to banquet for sin, but under Zhang Liang's operation, he was able to escape.
After the Hongmen banquet, Xiang Yu ignored Liu Bang and led his troops into Xianyang, killing the Qin prince who had surrendered, and wantonly slaughtered the city and set it on fire in retaliation. Xiang Yu's intention to kill Prince Qin's baby is very obvious, one is for the desperate trouble, and the second layer means: The Qin Dynasty was destroyed by my Xiang Yu, not by you Liu Bang.
After the fall of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu became powerful, honored King Chuhuai as the "righteous emperor", and demanded that the princes be divided. Therefore, the "righteous emperor" had to agree, but Xiang Yu grasped the power of division and divided the 18 princes in one breath according to the principle of affinity and alienation. Later, Xiang Yu killed the "Righteous Emperor" by moving to the south, and became the overlord of Western Chu himself.
In order to prevent Liu Bang, Xiang Yu violated the covenant of King Huai and specially sealed Liu Bang in the remote land of Bashu, and gave the land of Guanzhong to Zhang Han, Sima Xin, and Dong Yi. Liu Bang was very angry and didn't want to go, wanting to find Xiang Yu desperately. However, under Zhang Liang's persuasion, Liu Bang obtained Hanzhong County by bribing Xiang Bo, and had to become a "King of Han" at once. However, the acquisition of Hanzhong was of great strategic importance to Liu Bang's later determination of the Three Qins.
During his time in Hanzhong, Liu Bang received a generation of military genius Han Xin, who formulated the strategy of "pacifying the Three Qins and unifying the world". In April 206 BC, Xiang Yu was killed by Peng Cheng because of Han Wangcheng's good relationship with Liu Bang and no anti-Qin merit, and later made Zheng Chang the King of Han, which made Zhang Liang completely dead and returned to Liu Bang, vowing to be an enemy of Xiang Yu.
Xiang Yu's division also caused some other dissatisfaction, some were dissatisfied with the fiefdom they had obtained, and those who did not receive the seal were even more resentful.
In May 206 BC, Tian Rong, who had not been crowned king because of his conflict with Xiang Yu, rebelled in Qi and killed Xiang Yu's three kings of Qidi in Jibei Wang Tian An, Qi Wang Tiandu, and Jiaodong Wang Tian, merged the three Qi and established himself as the King of Qi. At the same time, Tian Rong also made Peng Yue, who had not been divided into divisions, a general, and pulled him up to rebel.
In August 206 BC, Liu Bang ordered Han Xin to lead an army out of Hanzhong, "Ming Xiu plank road, dark Chen Cang", and unexpectedly defeated Yongwang Zhanghan. Zhang Wei is also a famous general, but unfortunately he meets Han Xin, who is stronger than him. Han Xin then destroyed King Sai and King Zhai to the east and north, and finally pacified the Three Qins in only 4 months. In November of the same year, the King of Henan and the King of Han successively surrendered to the Han Dynasty.
In September 206 BC, King Zang of Yan killed Han Guang the King of Liaodong and annexed Liaodong. Then, with the help of Tian Rong, Chen Yu drove away Zhang Er the Prince of Changshan and welcomed Wang Xie back as King of Zhao, while he was made the acting king by King Xie of Zhao.
In October 206 BC, Xiang Yu wanted to win over Liu Bang's fellow villagers and cut off Wang Ling in Nanyang, and treated Wang Ling's mother favorably in the army. Unexpectedly, Wang Lingmu decided that Wang Ling's mother would kill herself with a sword. Xiang Yu was angry and cooked Wang Lingmu. Wang Ling was sad and indignant, and returned to Liu Bang.
For a while, the princely states in various places were in chaos, and Xiang Yu didn't know how to be good: Who to fight first? In the end, after weighing the stakes, Xiang Yu decided to hit the nearest Tian Rong first. In January 205 BC, Xiang Yu finally defeated Tian Rong and established Tian as king. In March of the same year, King Leopard of Western Wei and Sima Biao of Yin surrendered to Han. However, the atrocities committed by the Chu army in Qi later caused public indignation. In April 205 BC, Tian Heng overthrew Tian Huang and established Tian Guang as the new King of Qi.
In April 205 BC, in order to eliminate the pillow side trouble, Xiang Yu once again sent troops to attack Qi. Liu Bang felt that the opportunity was a golden opportunity, and sent troops to Guguan to join forces with Zhao, Dai and other princely states and Peng Yue, a total of 560,000 princes to attack Xiang Yu. At the beginning, the combined army of the princes was in full swing, and even captured the city of Chudu Peng. Then, the coalition of princes let their guard down and drank and had fun all day.
However, in May, Xiang Yu led 30,000 elite cavalry to suddenly return to Pengcheng, killing a coalition of princes by surprise. The combined forces of the princes were defeated and almost completely destroyed. Liu Bang fled with only about 10 cavalrymen, and even his wife and father were captured by Xiang Yu.
After the Battle of Pengcheng, Liu Bang's forces retreated to the Xingyang line. Seeing Liu Bang's defeat, Wei Wang Leopard began to rebel against Han and return to Chu. At the same time, Dai and Zhao did not kill the real Zhang Er because of Liu Bang's deception, and the alliance with Han also broke down, holding a neutral wait-and-see attitude.
The position occupied by the Wei king leopard was a great threat to the Han, so Liu Bang decided to destroy Wei first to eliminate the great plague overhead. In August 205 BC, Han Xin was ordered to attack the Western Wei King Leopard, and twice used the Dark Chen Cang strategy to defeat the Wei King Leopard.
In September 205 BC, Han Xin led his army north and easily eliminated Daiguo. In October, Han Xin then attacked Zhao in the east, and fought a battle at Jingchenbeishui, with 30,000 troops against 200,000 troops, skillfully defeating the Zhao army, and finally destroying the state of Zhao, which was later given to Zhang Er by Liu Bang.
After the Battle of Pengcheng, Liu Bang sent people to persuade Yingbu, the king of Jiujiang, to rebel against Chu and return to Han. In January 204 BC, Xiang Yubu defeated Yingbu at the Battle of Huainan, Yingbu fled, and the state of Jiujiang was occupied by the State of Chu. In February of the same year, under the persuasion of Han Xin, King Zang of Yan returned to Han.
Just as Han Xin was fighting smoothly north of the Yellow River, in March 204 BC, Liu Bang fought very hard in the confrontation with Xiang Yu on the Xingyang front, losing many battles, losing many battles, and finally escaping Guanzhong.
However, don't look at Liu Bang, this person is not good at leading troops to fight, but the biggest advantage is that he is good at listening to the opinions of his subordinates. Liu Bang listened to Chen Ping's opinion and separated Xiang Yu's adviser Fan Zeng, and the general Zhong Lixiang. At the same time, Peng Yue also made a fuss in the rear, cutting off Xiang Yu's grain channel in Suiyang, and Xiang Yu had to return to the division, but Peng Yue ran away immediately. Under the attack of Peng Yue's guerrilla warfare, Xiang Yu was tired of running for his life on the eastern and western fronts, and appeared to be very passive.
In 203 BC, Liu Bang sent Han Xin to attack the state of Qi while sending Ji Shiqi to lobby Qi Wang Tian Guang to surrender Han. Originally, Qi Wang Tian Guang and Xiang Guo Tian Heng had promised to surrender the Han and also withdrew the Yellow River, and Han Xin was also preparing to withdraw his troops. However, under the persuasion of Kuantong, Han Xin launched a surprise attack and invaded the state of Qi. This killed Qi, who was killed by the King of Qi, but the State of Qi was eventually pacified by Han Xin.
In 203 BC, after the Battle of Chenggao, Liu Bang stabilized his front, and the balance of the dispute between Liu and Xiang began to tilt in Liu Bang. Therefore, the two sides concluded the "covenant of the gap" under the division of the world, with the chasm as the boundary, the west of the chasm to the Han, and the east of the chasm to Chu, which is the origin of the Chinese chess Chu River Han boundary.
However, the covenant of the chasm was just a cover for Liu Bang. In September 203 BC, Liu Bang, who had full wings, broke the covenant and marched eastward, pursuing Xiang Yu, who was retiring, and asked Han Xin, Peng Yue, Yingbu and other masters to encircle and annihilate Xiang Yu at Guling north of Xia. Unexpectedly, Xiang Yu suddenly killed a horse gun, and Han Xin, Yingbu and other troops were delayed. Later, Han Xin and Yingbu were made King of Qi and King of Huainan and sent troops, and in November Xiang Yu was forced to retreat to Huaixia.
In January 202 BC, more than 600,000 Han troops formed a siege against Xiang Yu's 100,000 army, and Xiang Yu fell into a situation of ambush on ten sides and embattled on all sides, and almost all the army was destroyed. Subsequently, Xiang Yu only led 26 horses to break through the siege and came to the Wujiang ferry port on the Yangtze River. Originally, Xiang Yu could have returned to Jiangdong and made a comeback, but the hero was inevitably short of breath, and Xiang Yu realized that the 8,000 Jiangdong children taken away during the uprising are now only 26 left, what face does he have to see Jiangdong's father? In the end, Xiang Yu drew his sword and killed himself, at the age of 31, and a generation of heroes came to an end. The Chu-Han dispute, which lasted for four years, ended with the victory of the Han.
After Xiang Yu's death, Liu Bang took the opportunity to seize Han Xin's military power, changed his title from King of Qi to King of Chu, and moved the capital to Xiaping to facilitate nearby control. In January 202 BC, the Han army defeated the king of Linjiang and destroyed the state of Linjiang, while Wu Rui, the king of Hengshan, surrendered.
In February 202 BC, under the support of many princes and kings, Liu Bang declared himself emperor in Shandong, with the state name Han and the capital Chang'an, opening the history of the Han Dynasty, known as the Western Han Dynasty. Han, Tianhan, means Milky Way. Liu Bangmiao, known as Taizu, Emperor Gao, should logically be called Han Taizu or Emperor Gao of Han, but historians generally combine the two into one and call it "Emperor Gaozu of Han". Liu Bang claimed that the empress had returned to his hometown with honor, and realized his return to his hometown in Weijia Hainai, and in return for his hometown, he was exempted from the hometown tax.
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the territory was smaller than that of the Qin Dynasty, and in fact the size was only equivalent to the area of the Seven Warring States, about 2.8 million square kilometers. Moreover, in the early Han Dynasty, the parallel system of county states was implemented, and in addition to the counties directly under the central government of the Western Han Dynasty, there were seven princely states with different surnames. In order to eliminate the threat of these heterogeneous princely states, Liu Bang began his "cunning rabbit death, lackey cooking" operation.
In October 201 BC, someone reported that Han Xin was self-respecting and intended to rebel. Liu Bang adopted Chen Ping's advice and arrested Han Xin in December when he met with the princes in Chendi, but because of his merits and insufficient evidence, he stripped him of his title of Prince of Chu and reduced his title to "Marquis of Huaiyin" and confined him to the capital.
In 197 BC, acting minister Chen Yan rebelled, Liu Bang ordered Han Xin to suppress the rebellion, and the frustrated Han Trust fell ill. Therefore, Liu Bang had to personally lead the army to quell the rebellion. Just as Liu Bang was leaving Beijing to suppress the rebellion, Han Xin was lured and killed by Empress Lü Hei and Xiangguo Xiao He in Changle Palace, and the three clans were exterminated. Poor generation of famous generals Han Xin, because he did not understand politics, he ended up in a different position.
In addition, in 201 BC, Han Wangxin was moved north of Taiyuan, Shanxi to defend against the Xiongnu, but Han Wangxin surrendered to the Xiongnu shortly after. In 201 BC, because Liu Bang wantonly hunted down Xiang Yu's old department, Zang Xuan, the king of Yan, feared rebellion against the Han and was killed in defeat. Later, the state of Yan was given the title of Lu Wei who was friendly with Liu Bang, but in 195 BC Lu Wei also defected to the Han and fled to the Xiongnu. In 200 BC, Zhang Ao, the son-in-law of King Zhao and Liu Bang, was imprisoned for his subordinates' plot to assassinate Liu Bang, and although he was pardoned, he was expelled from the state and demoted to marquis.
Not long after Han Xin's death, Peng Yue and Yingbu were forced to rebel one after another. In 196 BC, Peng Yue was killed by Liu Bang and wiped out the three tribes. In October 195 BC, Yingbu was defeated by Liu Bang in the Battle of Huxian and killed by Wu Rui the King of Changsha after defeating Jiangnan.
At this point, all the seven princes with different surnames that Liu Bang had divided were eliminated except for Wu Rui the King of Changsha, and replaced them with princes with the same surname.
In 195 BC, Liu Bang, who had reigned for 7 years, died at the age of 62, and a generation of heroes ended their lives. Liu Bang's counterattack from a pavilion chief to the emperor of the Han Dynasty took only seven years, a short period of time that is rare in Chinese history. Of course, Liu Bangzhi's acquisition of the world and becoming emperor was mainly due to the fact that he had a large number of talents under him, such as Zhang Liang, Han Xin, Xiao He, and the adviser Chen Ping.
Liu Bang left, but the Western Han Empire left behind faced various crises, with the powerful Xiongnu threatening from time to time, the Lü clan chaotic government inside, and the whole country had not yet been completely unified, and the problem of the vassal states would also become a problem. The Western Han Dynasty was waiting for a hero to completely solve these problems and achieve the glory of the Han Dynasty.
To find out what happened, listen to the next breakdown.
#暑期创作大赛#