Listening to the teacher's words all the way, he read books for ten years: accompanying Mr. Jiang Liangfu on a walk

In his later years, Jiang Liangfu (1902-1995). (Infographic/Figure)

In September 1979, when Hangzhou University held the Chu Ci Training Course with Mr. Jiang Liangfu as the mentor, Mr. Jiang was 78 years old. Therefore, there is an unwritten rule in the Chu Ci class, that is, the students must take turns to accompany Mr. Jiang for an hour walk every day after dinner, and the route is a round trip from Hangda to Huanglongdong. For Mr. Jiang, it is a kind of physical and mental relaxation; For the students, it is another opportunity to be taught. Because Mr. Jiang chatted while walking, the topics he talked about included Mr. Jiang's review of his own experience, as well as his rambling on the academic circles, and some cutting-edge academic issues. Therefore, every hour of walking with Mr. Zhu, the students have the feeling of winning ten years of reading.

I am the youngest in the Chu Ci class, and I am also a class committee, so I walk with my husband relatively frequently, and I hear more words from Mr. Yu. Most of these conversations were not told in class, and some of them still remain in my memory for more than 40 years. As far as I can remember, I will collect the important ones and remember them for the sake of the text.

Inscription of Mr. Wang of Haining. (Infographic/Figure)

Self-experience and mentorship

He said that when he was young, he only wanted to be a poet or lyricist, and wrote more than four hundred poems. When he was at Chengdu Higher Normal School, he showed it to Teacher Lin Shanqi (Sijin), who thought that he was not talented enough and unsuitable for literary creation. After entering Tsinghua National Academy, he showed it to Mr. Wang Jing'an and Mr. Liang Rengong, who also thought that he would not achieve great achievements in poetry creation, mainly because of "physical disability". So he made up his mind, set the small collection on fire, and turned to Mr. Wang Jing'an to engage in literature research, and took the "Poetry and Poetry Lianmian Character Examination" as his graduation thesis. This reminds me of a passage that my husband said during the lesson. He said: "Everyone can do learning, and those who are highly talented can engage in it from the perspective of literature; Those who are of average talent can be engaged in righteousness, evidence, and admonition. As long as you play to your strengths, you will succeed. It turned out that this was exactly what his husband said, and at the same time his master's own way.

Mr. said: "The rest of my life is boring, but there are nearly ten masters and great Confucians, and there are dozens of people who are in the same door for a while. Traveling thousands of miles and handing over people is often called Mo Qi. Among the teachers, the two masters who listened to Mr. Wang Jing'an and Zhang Taiyan were the most memorable.

He said that the reason why Mr. Wang's learning can be superior to his peers is inseparable from his advanced academic methods. He had personally seen the German version of Capital that Mr. Wang had read, and had marked the book in various colors. He said that in China, as early as the twenties of the last century, Mr. Wang Jing'an was the only one who had read Capital so carefully. It should be natural that Capital's careful selection of materials and the meticulousness and sharpness of the analysis methods have been used by Mr. Wang as a reference.

Mr. Wang also said that although Mr. Wang is not sociable and does not seem to be approachable, he is actually very good to students. He also remembers once going to Mr. Wang to ask for advice, and when he came back late, Mr. Wang knew that he was short-sighted, so he ordered his family to light lanterns and send him back with him, straight to the flowing water bridge behind the auditorium, and returned when he saw that the road was good. This incident is unforgettable for his life. At that time, the Tsinghua Academy of Chinese Studies held a teacher-student "fun party" every Saturday night, and Mr. Wang sometimes participated. At the "Tongle Club", Liang Rengong performed the recitation of "Aftermath" from "Peach Blossom Fan", Zhao Yuanren performed the dialect spoken in various places during his travels around the country, and Mr. Wang performed the recitation of "Two Jing Fu". The extraordinary memory shocked the students. Although Mr. Chen Yinke has not performed at the "Fun Club", he usually loves to tell jokes, especially for pairs. Mr. Jiang remembers that not long after they entered school, Mr. Chen Yinke gave them a couplet: "South Sea Saint, pass on the disciples again; The Qing Emperor, a classmate boy. "Both apt and humorous.

The author of this article (pictured right) and Mr. Jiang Liangfu.

Speaking of Mr. Wang's final destination, Mr. Jiang is still difficult to let go. He said that in April 1927, the Northern Expedition captured Changsha and Hunan killed Ye Dehui. As the teacher of the last emperor and still had a braid on the back of his head, Mr. Jing'an was a little nervous. One day, he asked Mr. Jiang, "Liangfu, shouldn't they kill me?" Mr. Jiang told him: "Ye Dehui was angry, so he was killed." And you don't involve that, so you won't. But Mr. Jing'an still couldn't be relieved. Until the second day of the fifth month of the lunar calendar, when I saw Mr. Jiang, he said: "Liangfu, I don't want to be humiliated anymore." So the next morning, Mr. Wang voted for Kunming Lake. When the bad news came, Mr. Jiang and two other classmates rushed to the Summer Palace first, and saw that Mr. Wang's body had been parked in the "Yuzao Xuan". Later, Mr. Wang was carried back on a stretcher by classmates and co-workers and buried in the garden in front of Tsinghua Garden. At the funeral, all the students bowed three times, but Mr. Chen Yinke arrived and performed the big gift of three knees and nine bows. Decades later, whenever Yu visited the Summer Palace, he would remember Mr. Jiang's words and personally pay tribute to Mr. Jing'an at Yu Moxuan.

According to Mr. Jiang, in addition to "not wanting to be humiliated" (that is, "no more humiliation" as stated in the will), there were also some other factors, such as his relationship with Luo Zhenyu, which also greatly stimulated Mr. Wang's spirit.

Regarding Mr. Zhang Taiyan, although some people call him "Zhang Madman", he is also extremely caring for students. Mr. Jiang recalled that once he went to Suzhou to see Mr. Taiyan, because of the rain on the road, after entering Zhangfu, his clothes were wet. Seeing this, Mr. Taiyan turned around and went upstairs to get a horse coat for him to change into, and then sat down to talk. Mr. Jiang said that although decades have passed since this incident, he is still moved to tears when he thinks about it. He has been a disciple of Mr. Taiyan since December 1932. At the beginning of the entry, a group of veteran Zhangmen disciples led by Huang Jigang had some difficulties with him, often saying that Jiang Liangfu had studied turtle shells with Wang Jing'an, and his learning was not correct. For this reason, Mr. Jiang angrily carved a seal of "Zhang Clan Removal Disciple", and wanted to activate it, but Master Zhang blocked it. Mr. Taiyan also comforted him with the words "eating meat and not horse liver, not knowing the taste" ("Shiji Yuan Gusheng"). Mr. Jiang also recalled that when he was lecturing at Henan University in 1934, he lectured on "Shang Shu" with an old gentleman in the same department, and his students were attracted to the old gentleman. Unwillingly, he returned to ask Mr. Taiyan for advice. Under the guidance of Mr. Taiyan, his class was called again, and the old gentleman's class was empty. Whenever he said this, he would often let out a heartfelt laugh and say, "How did he know that I have Mr. Taiyan as his backing!"

In addition to telling some interesting stories about the "eight tigers" (that is, eight graduate students belonging to tigers of Tsinghua National College) from time to time, Lu Xun is the most talked about. Lu Xun was an early disciple of Mr. Taiyan, who was in the same family as Mr. Jiang, and the two also had contacts. Looking back now, I still remember a few things that Mr. said about Lu Xun:

First, at the Inner Mountain Bookstore, Mr. Lu Xun asked why his penmanship was so harsh, and Lu Xun said: "Otherwise, China will not be saved." I only have a pen now, and if I had a knife, I could really stab them. ”

First, at a meeting of the left alliance, Liu Yazi said to Lu Xun: "You are really better than the blue (referring to his penmanship has surpassed Mr. Taiyan)!" Lu Xun said: "Mr. Taiyan is scolding the Manchurians, I am scolding my own incomplete son!" Mr. Shi Jiang was on the side and heard it personally.

First, Lu Xun once wrote a poem ridiculing "Milk way", that is, "Professor Miscellaneous", and the second is "poor Vega star, turned into a horse woman." The black magpie is not suspicious, and travels the milk road." The object of the irony is Zhao Jingshen. But when he heard that Zhao Jingshen was going to marry the sister of Li Xiaofeng, the owner of Beixin Bookstore, he was worried that this would affect their marriage, so he asked Mr. Jiang if the two families would fall apart. Mr. Jiang told him no, because Beixin had already offered 400 shares (100 yuan per share, a total of 40,000 yuan) as a dowry. But Lu Xun was still not at ease and appeared at their wedding again. This surprised both companies. At that time, Lu Xun was sitting opposite Mr. Jiang, and the two talked and laughed, and also chatted about a typo on the comedy, that is, "selected by the bird screen" was mistakenly changed to "selected by the bird bottle".

First, Lu Xun told him that when Tai Yan was lecturing in Japan, there were dozens of people who began to listen to the lecture, and then they all left, and only Lu Xun and Zhu Xizu persisted until the end. Zhu's listening notes were later returned to Qian Xuantong and are now in the library of Beijing Normal University. The whereabouts of Lu Xun's notes are unknown. Mr. Jiang said that in the thirties of the last century, he saw a magazine with a photocopy of Lu Xun's notes as a cover.

First, in Mr. Taiyan's later years, when someone said that Lu Xun had received rubles, he immediately said to people categorically: "I believe that Yucai is not that kind of person!" Mr. Jiang has also heard this many times.

Among his friends, Mr. Jiang often mentions Wen Yiduo. Both of them studied Chu Ci, but some of their views were not consistent, such as the origin of the Nine Songs, and debated when they met, sometimes to a teahouse in Kunming. But in the end, no one could convince anyone, so they had to write books or articles to preserve their ideas. He said that Mr. Wen was a man of temperament and often had an emotional mood during debates, but then reconciled.

He also talked about a risk he experienced in his life. It was a week before the July Seven Incident in 1937, when he returned home via Siberia after studying in France. At that time, the Japanese were very strict in customs inspections, especially for cultural people entering the country. As a last resort, he pretended to be a laundryman and deliberately spoke vulgar French that only French laundrymen speak, only to be able to "muddle through". Only later did I hear that the customs had been notified in advance that a scholar named Jiang Liangfu wanted to enter the country and had to be carefully searched.

Handwriting of Mr. Jiang Liangfu. (Infographic/Figure)

Academic Approach and Academic Caprice

Walking with my husband, I talked more about academic topics. The disciples asked questions, and the gentlemen were all patient to teach them.

For example, on an evening walk on May 31, 1980, when I asked about the origin of Chinese, my husband said a long paragraph. It is to the effect that a considerable part of the world's human beings may have originated in Kunlun. Because mankind had two difficult periods in the early years, one was high temperature and the other was flooding. Kunlun has a high terrain, so the weather is cool, and the flood cannot go up, which is very suitable for human survival. When the flood waters receded, they dispersed everywhere. In Chinese, at least the Xia people should have originated in Kunlun. The Xia people developed east from Kunlun, then along the Yellow River to the Zhou people, and along the Han River to the Chu people. As for the merchants, they came from the northeast and belonged to another center. In addition, there is another birthplace of human culture in the south, namely Sanmiao. After three migrations, the three seedlings finally retreated to Sichuan and Yungui, and we can see some information from the local Fangzhi, but the main evidence remains to be excavated underground. He also speculated that perhaps in addition to Sanmiao, there was another cultural birthplace in the south. He said that his research on Chu Ci was to prove that there was still a cultural system in the south, and said that writing history like this and basically following Guo Moruo's statement was not possible and had to be rewritten. Recalling this, my husband's statement that "there is another cultural birthplace in the south" can't help but remind me of the "Sanxingdui" site that has been excavated many times in recent years, and I have to admire his foresight.

Jiang Liangfu's "Poetry and Poetry Examination Herbs".

During the walk, when I asked if there was a Qilu dialect in the Chu Ci, my husband's answer was yes. He also said that not only in the "Chu Ci", but also in Zheng Kangcheng's "Three Rites Note", there are also many high-secret dialects, and he instructed me to write an article on this topic. This is how I wrote my "Chuci Qilu Fangyin Testimony" (Journal of Lanzhou University, No. 1, 1990). However, the article on the high-density dialect in the "Three Rites Note" has not yet been written, which is really a shame on the teacher.

As for the method of learning, it is often talked about in walks. He said that to do learning, we must first lay a good foundation. People who are engaged in social sciences, no matter which line, some books must be read first. For example, "The Book of Poetry", "Analects", "Shiji", "Shuowen", "The World Speaks New Language", the poems of Li Bai and Du Fu, "Zizhi Tongjian", "Dream of Red Mansions", etc., all must be read first. This is like an actor "hanging his voice", no matter which line he plays in the future and which school he learns, he can't do without this basic skill. It is also like the "background color" of painting, after the picture is painted, the background color is not visible, but without this layer of background color, there will never be brilliant color. Secondly, we must choose the angle of entry. He said that learning should start with words and phonology, and words are especially important. You can start with the small seal, and then go back to the oracle bone and golden text. Grammar can be left alone. When he studies Chu Ci, he starts with words, phonology, and then history. Therefore, the two things of writing and history are the most important. Others such as folklore, historical geography, psychology, logic, archaeology and even some natural sciences (such as botany and medicine) should also be covered. As for writing articles, one is to choose some vibrant topics to write, that is, writing one article can lead to many articles. The second is not to fight with people, that is, not to write critical articles. You think other people's things are bad, you just write a good thing and put it there. This is what Mr. Chen Yinke taught him, and he taught us the same.

During the walk, Mr. also talked about the version of "Dream of Red Mansions" rarely, which was especially memorable to me. It was May 21, 1980, when I was with Senior Brother Yin Guangxi when I was accompanying Mr. Waiter. Mr. said that when he was studying at Tsinghua, he had read a book of "Dream of Red Mansions", and the ending of the story was completely different from Gao Que's sequel. The general plot is: after Rongguo Mansion was raided, Jia Baoyu went out as a changer, and Shi Xiangyun was a fisherwoman. One night, Baoyu rested on a bridge and placed a small lantern in her hand by the bridge. At this time, Xiangyun's boat happened to pass by, saw the lantern on the bridge, recognized it as the night running lamp of Rongguo Mansion, and asked the person on the bridge if it was the second brother Bao. Baoyu asked who she was and replied that it was Xiangyun. So they recognized each other and told each other about the aftermath. Xiangyun said: "You are a gentleman, I am a fisherwoman, and the people of Rongguo Mansion have scattered, and there is not a single one who is not suffering." So Xiangyun invited Baoyu to the ship. It turned out that she had no home for a long time, and only one girl was still with her. Then Baoyu took Xiangyun's boat and walked together, and finally achieved the ending of "Golden Jade Liangyuan" (Xiangyun also has a piece of gold unicorn on his body). Mr. Jiang said that the book had never been seen again, and Mr. Cai Yijiang had visited him specifically for this purpose.

Mr. Jiang's words were later disclosed by Mr. Cai Yijiang, and then seen by the famous red scholar Mr. Zhou Ruchang. In his article commemorating the 220th anniversary of Cao Xueqin's death, he wrote: "Professor Jiang Liangfu of Hangzhou University has passed on an extremely fascinating and valuable clue... I was so happy after reading it. Because it is completely consistent with the main theme of my examination, and its specific plot is so moving, no one can imagine or make it up! This shows the significance of the version that Mr. Jiang read in the history of red studies.

Mr. Jiang also said that some modern "Dream of Red Mansions" researchers' copies should also pay attention to collecting, there are many insights. As far as he knows, Wang Boyu (a former professor at Central University) has approved it, and Wu Mi has also approved it, and Wu Mi's approval may have been in Hong Kong. Recently, researchers of "Dream of Red Mansions" have blindly focused on the version, not the work itself, and they are talking about "red books" rather than "red studies". Once Cao Xueqin's original book was discovered, their work was a pile of waste paper.

In 1980, when the thirteen students of the Chu resignation class graduated, they took a group photo with Jiang Liangfu and his wife.

I'm not angry

During the walk, the gentleman also talked about some other issues. For example, on the night of October 27, 1979, a burglar entered the wind window of his husband's house, stabbed his mother, and pushed him down, resulting in a concussion and a fracture of the tail vertebrae. The case was quickly solved. But when he heard that the perpetrator was a teenager, he advised the judiciary not to sentence him or discipline him because he was still young. The benevolence of his husband can be seen here.

Another time, the gentleman talked about being deceived. His 1.2 million words of Chu Ci Tongzhi were all written into a book, some of which were revised drafts, and some of which were written on cardstock. However, in his later years, his eyesight was so impaired (his eyesight was only one thousandth) that he could no longer transcribe. So I hired someone to copy, and I paid 3 jiao for each page of manuscript paper. However, in order to earn more money, the copyists even copied many copies and re-copied them, totaling one-third of the duplicate transcriptions. The matter was not discovered until it went to press, and as a result, it took a lot of his energy to distinguish it. In this regard, the gentleman did not calculate with the copyist, but only said "he is not easy either." He also said that there have been such deceptions in the academic circles in the past. For example, when Mr. Liu Wendian was teaching at Southwest United University, he was not on campus for a while, so a co-worker secretly engraved Mr. Liu's seal and fraudulently received his salary for one year. By the time it was discovered, wages had been squandered.

Regarding the way of health preservation, Mr. said that in the early years, he had lived for a period of time in Xiaowangshan, Suzhou, and the two beds were opposite each other, getting along day and night. Mr. Tai Yan taught him to raise his hands above his head every morning and flex and extend up and down several times, accompanied by breathing and exhalation. And said that this is the technique of Zhuangsheng Tuna Bird Stretching, and doing more can be fit. He also said that the key to health preservation is "not to get tired, but to move often; The mind must not be disturbed, it must always be quiet." Regarding the former, he failed to hold on; Regarding the latter, he still serves. He said that he has been practicing "meditation" at home for many years, making "eight dan jin" in bed. When you are in an uncomfortable mood, you will pat the middle point of the chest, that is, the sea of qi, that is, the position between the two breasts in the chest. Once, when we were listening to a lecture at my husband's house, he said that he had wanted to imitate Ruan Yuan's "Compilation of Scriptures" and had made more than 1,000 cards, but they were all copied by the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution. One day, he went to the garbage bin to take out the garbage, saw some cards in the garbage heap, and upon closer inspection, it turned out to be his own thing. Speaking of this, the gentleman was a little excited, but even though he patted his hand on his chin, he also said in his mouth: "I'm not angry, I'm not angry." "After a while, the mood calmed down.

My stomach was cold, and after my husband found out, he told me to prepare more ginger candy on weekdays, and if I felt unwell, I would eat one. I did it, and I never had another stomach problem. Mr. himself, his favorite fruit on weekdays is sugar cane. He said that the teeth of the elderly are very important, and chewing sugar cane can strengthen the teeth. So until he lay in his hospital bed in his old age, he could not do other activities, and still insisted on knocking his teeth every day. When I visited my husband at Zhejiang Hospital in April 1995, I heard him knocking on his teeth on his hospital bed.

The above are some memory fragments from my walk with Mr. Jiang. Although it has been 28 years since my husband left us, his smile and teaching us back then are still in front of us and will always be our most gratifying memories.

Zhang Chongchen