According to the monitoring of the Zhuhai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, in June, the number of patients with hand, foot, mouth and angina in Zhuhai increased significantly.
In order to implement the Notice of the Ministry of Education on Doing a Good Job in the Summer Safety Work of Primary and Secondary Schools in 2023, and strengthen the prevention and treatment of hand, foot and mouth disease, herpangina, pink eye, bacterial foodborne diseases, heat stroke (heat stroke) and other seasonal high-incidence diseases, Zhuhai Municipal Education Bureau and Southern Press Media Group Zhuhai Branch jointly launched the second open class - open course on the prevention and control of multiple diseases in summer for children and adolescents, and invited Zhao Chaomin, deputy chief physician of the Emergency Office of the Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, to give lectures.
This popular science open class will be broadcast on Nanfang + Zhuhai Education Channel at 20:00 on July 17, with a duration of about 10 minutes. The city's primary and secondary schools, kindergarten students, parents, as well as kindergarten institutions, teachers and parents can poke their hands, feet and mouth, and angina has increased significantly! How to prevent it? Zhuhai CDC supports or identifies the poster below QR code review.
Friends who have not had time to watch the live video can also learn about the five common disease prevention guidelines in the summer through text.
Southern + Reporter: What are the specific symptoms of angina and hand, foot and mouth disease? How to prevent it?
Zhao Chaomin: Hand, foot and mouth disease and herpangina are caused by a variety of enterovirus infections, mostly in children under 5 years of age.
Hand, foot and mouth disease, most children manifest as fever, palm, foot and buttock rash and oral herpes, herpangina is mainly manifested as fever, sore throat, mouth pain, pharyngeal isthmus herpes, etc. Herpangina rarely occurs in severe children, while some children with HFMD will be complicated by myocarditis, encephalitis, pulmonary edema and other severe diseases, and even lead to death.
In terms of specific preventive measures, the first is to wash hands frequently, ventilate frequently, and disinfect frequently. Wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer and water for at least 20 seconds before eating and after going home. The room opens the window for ventilation 2-3 times a day, each time not less than 30 minutes. Feeding bottles, pacifiers and tableware used by children should be disinfected at high temperature before use; Toys, bedding, etc. should be cleaned, exposed or disinfected regularly.
The second is to reduce contact. During the epidemic, it is not advisable to take children to public places with crowds and poor air circulation; Avoid contact with sick children.
The third is vaccination. Vaccination of children aged 6 months to 5 years with EV71 vaccine effectively prevents HFMD caused by EV71.
The fourth is to seek medical treatment in a timely manner. Children with fever, rash and other symptoms should go to a regular hospital in time.
Fifth, follow medical isolation. Children who fall ill should follow the doctor's advice to isolate at home for one week after symptoms completely disappear or 2 weeks from the date of onset; After completing the quarantine, go to the community health service center/hospital to issue a certificate of return to school.
South + Reporter: In custodial institutions and summer nursery schools, after the entrusted children develop angina and hand, foot and mouth disease, what should the custodial institutions and summer nursery schools do to avoid group infection?
Zhao Chaomin: Implement the morning and noon inspection system and follow up the absence due to illness. Do a good job of morning and noon examination, find that children have fever, oral cavity and other parts of the herpes, timely notify parents to send to the hospital for treatment, and timely report the situation to the morning examination system. When the number of cases increases, it should be reported to the community health service center and the education administrative department in a timely manner. Children who fall ill should be suspended from school and isolated at home until 1 week after the symptoms have completely disappeared or 2 weeks from the date of onset.
Do a good job of cleaning and disinfection. Strengthen the ventilation and disinfection of classrooms, lunch break rooms, activity venues, school buses, etc., wipe and disinfect toys, surfaces and places with chlorine-containing disinfectants, and regularly clean, expose or disinfect bedding, clothing, bedding, etc.
Strengthen health education. Set up plenty of handwashing taps, provide soap or hand sanitizer, and urge and educate children daily to wash their hands properly according to the 7-step handwashing method.
South + Reporter: Children with angina and hand, foot and mouth disease at home, how should parents take care of them?
Zhao Chaomin: Pay attention to isolation. Children treated at home avoid contact with other children to reduce cross-infection. The first week after the onset of the disease is the most contagious, and the second week is also somewhat contagious, and should be isolated for 2 weeks.
Heat should be cooled and deheated. Be sure to monitor the body temperature, heat should be cooled and deheated in time, increase the baby's comfort, you can warm water wipe bath. Alcohol rubbing baths are prohibited, ice water rubbing baths are not recommended. Antipyretics (acetaminophen or ibuprofen) are recommended above 38.5 degrees Celsius.
Pay attention to the condition. The mental state of the child should be closely observed, if the child has frequent high fever, less eating, reduced urine, irritability, convulsions, etc., indicating that complications are prone to occur, should be seen or re-examined in time, and hand, foot and mouth disease should be treated in designated medical institutions.
Rational drug use: should follow the doctor's advice and use drugs rationally.
Dietary care: During the illness, the child's digestive function is weakened, and the diet should be liquid and easy to digest, and timely replenish fluids.
Oral care: You can rinse your mouth with warm boiled water or light salt water, and you can use open-throat sword spray, recombinant human interferon alpha2b spray (Pseudomonas), etc. to reduce pain in the affected area of the mouth.
Southern + Reporter: What are the symptoms of pink eye? How can it be prevented?
Zhao Chaomin: Pink eye (medical name "acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis") is a highly contagious acute viral eye disease.
The disease is mainly caused by enterovirus 70 (EV70) or coxsackievirus A24 virus variant (CA24v), and adenovirus 11 can also be caused. The population is generally susceptible, and infection can occur in all age groups. After recovery, it can still be infected with different pathogens and become ill again.
Contact infection is predominant. Pink eye can occur throughout the year, most often in summer and autumn, and is highly contagious and spreads quickly.
Acute patients are the main source of infection, and the disease is caused by contact with hands, objects or water contaminated with eye secretions of the patient, including (1) direct contact with secretions from the patient's eyes or upper respiratory tract; (2) Physical contact with the patient such as shaking hands and hugging; (3) Contact with the patient's daily utensils such as towels, worn clothes, and washbasins; Things that the patient has touched, such as door handles, bus handrails, various tools, etc.; (4) Contact with contaminated water, such as pond water, swimming pool water, etc.; (5) Contact with eye drops used by patients, etc.
Subconjunctival hemorrhage is the most prominent symptom, with a foreign body irritation in the eye, eye tingling, conjunctival swelling, photophobia, and increased ocular discharge. The disease is self-limited, with a natural course of 1 to 3 weeks, and a good prognosis, but occasionally neurological complications.
The prevention and control measures are:
(1) Isolate the source of transmission. People with pink eye should rest at home as much as possible during the illness and reduce activities in public places; Children with existing symptoms should not be enrolled in school or nurseries, and patients should rest at home and do personal hygiene to prevent transmission within the family.
(2) Cut off the transmission route. Because the tears and secretions of the eyes of people with pink eye contain a large amount of the virus, which can be transmitted through daily contact, the population is generally susceptible to infection. Therefore, people with pink eye should be prohibited from entering public places such as swimming pools, baths, and barbershops.
(3) Strengthen the health work of collective units. Schools and childcare institutions should implement morning inspections, immediately isolate and treat cases when they are found, and take corresponding disinfection measures, and report to the local CDC. Cultivate good hygiene habits for children to wash their hands frequently and do not rub their eyes, and make towels for personal use. If a childcare worker becomes ill, he or she should be temporarily transferred from work.
Factories, enterprises and other collective units should implement a health inspection system, and once a case is found, it should be immediately transferred from work and treated at home. At the same time, do a good job in environmental sanitation and cleaning, especially the disinfection of key links such as public places, public goods, vehicles and production tools.
(4) Carry out health education. Strengthen health education for key groups (workers, schools, childcare institutions and other collective units), promote the development of personal eye hygiene habits such as frequent hand washing, not rubbing eyes, towels and washbasins should be used alone, and promptly go to regular medical institutions for medical treatment if you are sick.
South + Reporter: With high summer temperatures, how can custodial institutions and families avoid food poisoning?
Zhao Chaomin: With the strengthening of government supervision and the improvement of citizens' health literacy, food poisoning has rarely occurred in Zhuhai in recent years. Of course, summer is prone to high incidence of bacterial foodborne diseases, that is, intestinal diseases caused by eating unhealthy ingredients.
Specifically, we must achieve the "five musts" and "four nots". Specifically, wash hands before meals and after using the toilet, cook food in meals, heat food through separate meals, separate raw and cooked foods, and seek medical attention if symptoms occur; Do not drink raw water without boiling, do not patronize unlicensed meals, do not eat rotten food, and overeat is not advisable.
Nanfang + Reporter: The summer temperature is high, how should citizens prevent heat stroke?
Zhao Chaomin: Escape from the heat and sun. Parents should ask their children to go out less. If you want to do outdoor sports or bask in the sun, choose between 7 and 9 in the morning to avoid the fiercest and most intense time of the sun. After 9 a.m. to before 6 p.m., try to keep your child indoors or in a cool place, avoid direct sunlight, and avoid playing wildly in the sun.
When you go out, do a good job of sun protection, wear hats for your children, wipe sweat hand towels, and make umbrellas.
Eat right. Compared with ice cream and cold drinks, children should eat some seasonal, natural, and relieving food. For example: winter melon, watermelon, etc.
Generally speaking, there will be some aura before heat stroke, children do not know how to express their feelings exactly, parents should quickly transfer the child to a cool place when they find that the child's face is flushed, breathing discomfort, cold sweat and other conditions (but remember that the cooling should not be too rough, such as carrying the child under the sun into an air-conditioned room), carefully check the child's physical condition, and pay close attention to the child's breathing, body temperature and other changes.
You can also take some salt water, boiled water, etc. to hydrate, wipe your child's body, and reduce the symptoms of heat stroke. However, please do not give your child medicine without permission.
Once the child's heat stroke is more serious, parents should send the child to the doctor in time.
【Text】South + reporter Ran Xiaoping
【Photo】Nanfang + reporter Guan Mingrong
【Poster】South + Reporter Liu Zixin
【Author】 Ran Xiaoping; Guan Mingrong; Liu Zixin
【Source】 Southern Press Media Group South + client