The story of Chang'e running to the moon can be said to be a household name, and it has been widely spread through the interpretation and dissemination of "Journey to the West". Feng Longshan, there is "Wen Wangyi", also known as "Wangfantai". There is a cracked boulder on Lion Peak opposite Wen Wangyan, known as the "Jade Dog Moon Stone". According to local legend, one day, the music and light smoke of the temple fair under Feng Long Mountain drifted to the nine heavens, alarming Chang'e in the Moon Palace. Chang'e moved Sifan's heart, rode the wind and clouds to Feng Long Mountain, stretched her long sleeves, and danced harmoniously. Since then, people have called the mountain where Chang'e sings and dances "Wangfantai". When Chang'e was singing and dancing, a big white dog squatted on the lion peak to watch, but unexpectedly turned into a boulder, known as "Jade Dog Wangxianshi". The so-called "Chang'e lovers in the world, jade dogs looking at the heavenly immortals" by later generations is a song of things.
One of the oldest Chinese documents, "The Summer Turtle", records "Chang'e running to the moon"
Zhang Heng of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a famous astronomer in ancient times on the mainland, wrote "Lingxian" and quoted the "Summer Turtle" to record: "Concubine steals medicine and rushes to the moon, and will go, and the piece of money is to Youhuang." There is Huang Zhanzhi Yuji, returning to his sister, traveling west alone, every time the sky is obscure, there is no fear, no fear. After and Dachang. This "Summer Turtle" is lost. "(Wang Yinglin of the Song Dynasty, volume 9 of the "Study of Han Art Wenzhi") 'Heng' passes '姮', and '姮娥' means 'Chang'e'." Because the Han people avoided Emperor Wen Liu Heng, 'Heng' was mostly 'Chang'.
"Xia Turtle" proves that the Xia Dynasty already has oracle bones, and archaeologists use a lot of divination, so the "Book of Shang" says turtles. The Book of Han and Art and Literature is contained in the fifty-two volumes of the Book of Turtles and the twenty-six volumes of the Summer Turtle. This proves that the Xia Dynasty already has classics in China.
The method of divination in the Xia Dynasty is "Lianshan", which is easy to be the "Xia Turtle" of "Shushu Strategy", which is one of the oldest documents in China, and is revered by Confucianism as the first of the Five Classics and the three strange books of antiquity. It can be seen from this that at least in the Xia Dynasty, there was already a prototype of the moon-running myth.
(Jin) Gan Bao wrote the fourteenth volume of the "Soushenji": "Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, and Chang'e stole it to the moon." In the future, the piece is to the yellow. There is Huang Zhanzhi Yuji. Returning to his sister, he will travel west alone, every time the sky is obscure, there is no fear or fear, and then he is prosperous. Chang'e then held up her body in the moon for the toad. "Comparing the above text with Zhang Heng's "Lingxian" quoting the "Summer Turtle", it is not difficult to find that although "Soushenji" is a collection of ancient myths and legends, it is also historically grounded, not groundless.
One of the oldest Chinese documents, "Guizang", records "Chang'e rushing to the moon"
The story of Chang'e's running to the moon is also recorded by the Shang Dynasty's Wubu book "Guizang", which is also one of the oldest documents in China, but scholars from ancient times to the present day are full of doubts about the authenticity of "Guizang", and Liu Wei wrote in the chapter "Wen Xin Diao Long Zhuzi" during the Southern and Northern Dynasties: "The sutra of "Guizang", the Great Ming Dynasty, is called Yi Death Ten Days, Concubine Rushing to the Moon."
(Song) Wang Yinglin wrote the thirty-fifth volume of "Jade Sea": ""Wen Xin Eagle Dragon": The Book of Returning to Tibet, Da Ming Pedantic, is called: Yi died ten days, Chang'e rushed to the moon. ”
In March 1993, Qin Jian's "Return to Tibet" and Chang'e's moon map were unearthed in Qin Tomb No. 15, Wangjiatai in Jiangling, Hubei Province, confirming that the legend of Chang'e existed in ancient times. Bamboo tablets were unearthed in the Qin tomb at No. 15 Wangjiatai, including 164 bamboo tablets about Yizhan and 230 unnumbered fragments, a total of 394 sticks, a total of more than 4,000 characters. This batch of easy-to-occupy bamboo sketches has three parts: trigram painting, trigram name, and trigram speech. ...... Many of the trigrams under the name of the trigram are the same as the "Guizang" text preserved in the ancient book. After scholars' research, there are "Guizang" in the simplified text, No. 307 Jianwen "Gui Mei: The former Heng I steal and die", and the No. 201 Jianwen "Rushing to the Moon, and Occupying the Moon", which is in line with the semantics of the "Guizang" text preserved in the handed down documents. "Gui Mei" records Chang'e's theft of elixir and Bu Benyue. Qin Jian: 'Returning to my sister: The former one will steal and die, rush to the moon, and occupy it. This is found in the words of the biography "Return to Tibet". "Heng I" is "Chang'e". "'Heng' means 'constant', and the Saying: 'Heng, Changye.' 'I' and 'E' are the same sound. "Speaking of Texts": 'From the female voice'.
Ancient books cite several examples of the Chang'e legend in "Guizang"
(Liang) Xiao Tong's "Selected Works" volume 60: "Zhou Yi returned to Tibet: Former Chang'e took the medicine of immortality of the Queen Mother of the West, and then rushed to the moon, which was the moon spirit." ”
(Northern Zhou) Yu Xin's "Yuzishan Collection" Volume 16: ""Guizang" says: Xi Jiao'e rushed to the moon with the medicine of immortality. ”
When Li Shan, a Tang dynasty, commented on Xiao Tong's "Anthology" of the Liang Dynasty of the Southern and Northern Dynasties, he quoted the sentence "Guizang", "Guizang" said that in the past, he took the medicine of immortality of the Queen Mother of the West, and then rushed to the moon, which was the moon spirit."
(Song) Gao Xisun wrote the sixth volume of the "Wei Luo" "Rushing to the Moon": "The Tibetan scripture is known: Former Chang'e rushed to the moon with the medicine of immortality. "Huainanzi" said: Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, and Concubine stole and ran to the moon. Note: Concubine, wife. Yi asked for the medicine of immortality from the Queen Mother of the West, and Concubine took it, and obtained the immortal moon, which was the moon spirit. ”
(Ming) Chen Yaowen wrote the first volume of the "Records of Heaven": "Concubine, return to Tibet: Former Chang'e took the medicine of immortality of the Queen Mother of the West, and then rushed to the moon, which is the moon spirit." ”
(Ming) Chen Yaowen wrote the fourth volume of "Zhengyang": ""Guizang" Yun: Chang'e rushing to the moon is for the moon spirit. Non-beginning "Huainan (sub)" also. ”
Chang'e running to the moon Han portrait brick.
The "Huainanzi" of the early Han Dynasty recorded that "Chang'e rushed to the moon" at the time of Yao
In the early Western Han Dynasty, Liu An wrote "Huainanzi" (written in 139 BC), which recorded the story of Chang'e running to the moon, which Chang'e wrote "Da'e", clearly "when Yao was caught":
In the past, Yi hunted in the mountains, and met Concubine under the laurel tree. So the laurel was used as a testimony, and it became a match made in heaven.
When Yao was caught, he went out on ten days. Snakes, chisels, nine infants, strong winds, sealing of catfishes, and snake repairs are all harms to the people. Yao Nai made Yi Yi chisel his teeth in the wilderness of Zhuhua, killed nine babies on the fierce water, paid a strong wind to Qingqiu Zhize, shot up for ten days, and killed Yuqi, cut off the snake in the cave court, and captured the sang forest. All the people rejoiced, and regarded Yao as the Son of Heaven.
Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, entrusted with Da'e. Every time he steals from the past, he can't steal it, and he wants to harm Da'e. There was no plan, and he swallowed the medicine of death to ascend to heaven. However, he couldn't bear to leave Yi and stay in the Moon Palace. Guanghan was lonely, stunned and mourned, and there was no way to continue, so he urged Wu Gang to cut gui, Jade Rabbit pounded medicine, wanted to match the medicine of Ascension, and returned to the world.
Yi Wen'e rushed to the moon and left in pain. The Moon Mother remembered her sincerity, and Yun'e met Yi under the laurel on the full moon. The people have heard its whisperers. ”
Yi Wen'e rushed to the moon and left in pain. The Moon Mother remembered her sincerity, and Yun'e met Yi under the laurel on the full moon. The people have heard its whisperers.
(Han) Gao lured the sixth volume of the "Huainan Honglie Solution" "Reading the Underworld", which Chang'e wrote "Heng'e", "Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, and Heng'e stole to rush to the moon." Heng'e, Yi's wife. Yi invited the medicine of immortality to the Queen Mother of the West, and before he could take it, Heng'e stole it, obtained immortals, and rushed into the middle of the moon, becoming the moon spirit. Rushing to the moon, or as a meat medicine, the meat is considered to be the flesh of a dead animal, and it can be reborn. ”
According to research, Chang'e's running to the moon is actually "Changyi occupying the moon"
The legend of Chang'e running to the moon is certainly not true history, and ancient historians have carefully studied and concluded that it was derived from the "Changyi occupying the moon" in ancient times.
The month is a unit of time in the calendar, and in the early Paleolithic period, humans already calculated the days based on the phases of the moon. The legend of the origin of the month comes from the "Changxi Shengyue" in the Classic of Mountains and Seas. According to the Classic of Mountains and Seas, Emperor Jun had two wives, Xi He and Chang Xi. Xi and birthday, Changxi birth moon, so Changxi is also called the mother of the moon. In fact, Xi He and Chang Xi were both official positions that formulated the calendar. It is recorded in the "Shiben" that in order to formulate the calendar, the Yellow Emperor let "Xi and occupy the day, Chang Yi occupy the moon", Chang Yi is Chang Xi, and Zhan Yue is the cycle of observing the obscure string of the moon, which is the origin of "Chang Xi Sheng December".
In the Ming Dynasty, Yang Shen wrote the "General Record of Dan Lead" to verify:
In the middle of the month, Chang'e, which began with Huainan and Zhang Heng Lingxian. In fact, it is also wrong because of the constant yi occupying the moon. The ancient Xi and the zhan day, Changyi zhan the moon, are all official names. Seen in Lü's Spring and Autumn. Spring and Autumn, Zuo Chuan has Chang Yijing, that is, after Chang Yi's clan. Later falsely named Chang'e. With the same ear as the Yi'e sound. Zhou Li's note, the word Yi'e, ancient sound Russian, Yi Xiaoxiang to lose its righteousness, Ye Xin how also. Poetry is happy and graceful, Ye is in the other, Ah Taiyuan is each obeying his own manners, and Ye is not biased. Shiji Xu Guang annotated the yin, the ship was made Russian, and all the Han monuments were made as yi, then Chang'e was undoubtedly a mistake in being a common yi. Every language person, or still not believed, Yu said: The novel contains a temple of Du Shiji in Hangzhou, and there is a village scholar named Du Shijiao, so he made a female statue to match Liu Lingren, and everyone knows how to laugh. I don't know that Chang Yi is Chang'e, that is, the eldest is the tenth aunt.
(Ming) Fang Yizhi wrote the eleventh volume of the Tongya:
Concubine is Chang'e, always based on Shi Rope Zu Chang Yi occupying the moon, for the sake of running to the moon is also a subordinate meeting, Shi Rope Zu takes Chang Yi as his official name, Hao Chuwang takes Chang E, Chang Yi, and Xian A as one. Zhao Fanfu changed his name to Chang'e.
姮娥 is Chang'e, or as a regular rite. Yi and Egu are homonymous. Zhao Fanfu said: For Jiao'e, later changed to Heng'e, avoid literature and change to Chang'e, or as Concubine. Hao Gong also uses Xian Ah as Chang'e, so there is no need to do it. Fang Ziqian said: The ancient Xi and Zhan Ri and Chang Yi Zhan Yue are all official names. "Zuo Chuan" has Chang Yijing, that is, after Chang Yi's clan, he was called Chang Xi, and later generations were falsely called Chang'e, and this Sheng'an was also discussed because of Shi Zhengzu. The "Classic of Mountains and Seas" says: Xi He was born on ten days, and Chang Xi was born in two out of ten. The main character of Shenggai is false, and "Lü Yan" is written as occupying the sun and the month.
Lü Buwei of the Qin Dynasty wrote the "Lü Clan Spring and Autumn • Don't Bow": "Xi He as the occupation of the day, Shang Yi as the occupation of the moon." Bi Yuan of the Qing Dynasty noted: "'Shangyi' is 'Changyi', and the ancient pronunciation 'Yi' is 'E', and later generations have the contempt of Chang'e." ”