"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 347th
Ancient painters are poets, and poets paint fast dust. Silent poetry is sound painting!
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Tong Yu (1721-1782) Qing Dynasty painter. Character Pu Yan, yi zi shu, also zi er ru, er shu, alias borrow an, er shu shan ren, shu dao people, mei dao people, mei yi, yue tree, oak tree, tree tree resident, Taiping lyricist, White Horse Mountain Chief, Shanyin (present-day Shaoxing, Zhejiang) people.
Tong Yu's life is quite legendary, connected with dreams, sent with poetry, and accompanied by Mei!
Tong Yu's life, there are many people related to dreams, first when he was young, his little friend Liu Fenggang had a dream, dreaming that Tong Yu transformed into a plum blossom tree, fragrant in the wind, very dashing and uninhibited. The next day, Liu Fenggang told Tong Yu about the dream, and both of them were very happy, and Tong Yu was even more known as "Ershu" from then on.
Tong Yu lived to be sixty-two years old, and he also had a dream before he died. At that time, he was studying the "Chronicle of Ganquan County" in Yangzhou, and he was already feeling heavy and mentally ill. He suddenly dreamed of a Daoist soldier beckoning, he waved his hand and swayed, and the Daoist retreated. He also dreamed that the Taoist priest came from the sky stepping on the clouds, dressed in five beads, holding a white crane in his hand and asking Tong Yu to ride it. Tong Yu woke up in shock, since it was a dream of Nan Ke, it was expected that the disease could not be cured. However, he still thought of his poems in his heart, and asked his son to help him to forcibly rise, and he wanted to paint plums and inscribe poems to Yuan Ming, because Yuan Mei had already asked him to come to Yangzhou. Unfortunately, the poem did not die. When he left, he could not forget dreams, plums, and poems. After Tong Yu's death, Tong Qin, the son of Tong Yu, asked Yuan To write an epitaph
When he was a teenager, he specialized in poetry and ancient Chinese, and after abandoning his career, he formed a literary club with Liu Wenwei, Shen Yitian, Yao Dayuan, Liu Mingyu, Mao Yi, and Chen Zhitu in the same county, and was known as the "Seven Sons of Yuezhong". How can a bitter man of letters be rich? He has a poem "The Hut", which is full of hardships:
The huts are covered with barren moss and have not been cultivated for many years.
Thank you so much for the days of yin, add me a good spring color.
The leak marks are longitudinal and transverse, and the morning light is still dripping.
Earthworms entered my bed, and dragonflies groaned in my room.
People are ugly, and I am comfortable with myself.
There are no cave people, tao tao le all night.
Throughout his life, Tong Yu made a living in literature, drifted around, made curtains for people, and compiled local chronicles. Live a life of "poor fellow silent zeros, mostly in a different place". Tong Yu is full of poetry and books, proficient in cultural relics appreciation and literature examination, and has been hired to study local history many times. Although he was clothed, he was also a well-known person in the world at that time. Tong Yu once repaired the "Henan Tongzhi" in Kaifeng because of the employment of The Inspector of Henan, Asha, and this repair was repaired for more than ten years, and the "Biography of the Qing Dynasty" also said that he was "the longest guest of Da Liang". Although the Ashaqi people were timid and greedy, because of their status as flag people, they had always been protected by Qianlong. However, he was very active in the revision of history, in order to try to eons of time. Later, Tong Yu came to Yangzhou again, majoring in the "Chronicle of Ganquan County", which was three or four years later, until he died in Yangzhou. In his lifetime, his personality was not for the family, and when he married his daughter, he had no money, painted a hundred plum blossoms, and became the dowry of his daughter.
During his revision of history in Yangzhou, he admired Yuan Ming's appeal in the poetry world and associated with him. He and Yuan Ming went from having no fellowship in the past, to the first knowledge, to the deep knowledge, to the introduction of the confidant, just as the poet Zhou Fen at that time said: "Mr. Know the heavy king's wish to see Mr., better than Mr. Jun's wish to see Junhu?" Yuan Ming's evaluation of Tong Yu's poems was very long. The two knew and intersected because of Yuan Shu's younger brother Yuan Shu, who lived with his brother in Nanjing before the eunuch, Yuan Mei was childless, and Yuan Shu passed his son Yuan Shu to him. Yuan Shu and Tong Yu intersected, so they recommended Tong Yu to Yuan Ming, and Yuan Mei said: "My family's brother Xiang Tingzhi, said that Mr. ZhenQishi." Yuan Shu can be good at poetry and painting, he himself said: "Yu and Pu Yan, plain taste, is such a spiritual intercourse, can not be without poetry to compose a song." ”
Tong Yu and Yuan Ming deduced what is the friendship of life and death? What is literati friendship? Let people know that there is a kind of friendship, there is no need to know each other, god can make friends. When Tong Yu was studying history in Yangzhou, he once went to Nanjing to visit Yuan Ming, which coincided with Yuan Ming's trip out to play in the mountains and rivers, and the two could not see each other. Tong Yu left a book and came back in the autumn. Because Yuan Mei was going to Yangzhou to do business, he specially wrote a letter to Tong Yu and asked him to meet in Yangzhou. Tong Yu's "Autumn Evening from Pei to FengChe Zhongshu Sees the Scriptures and the Ann Family Must Not Visit and Remember It", Shi Yun:
Along the embankment road white reflection of the sand, the breeze gently crushed the calf car.
Autumn trees and sunset crows make leaves, and white walls and cold rain soil become flowers.
Non-Guanbei Guo chang is hidden, but for the south village and migration.
Suddenly remembering the old man's chicken land, I can't help but think coldly about the crabapple.
Who knew that Yuan Ming was delayed for other matters, ten days later than he had originally planned to go to Yangzhou. By the time Yuan Mei arrived in Yangzhou ten days later, Tong Yu had already driven to Hexi. Tong Yu's family told Yuan Ming that when Tong Yu was dying, he heard the sound of a door opening and closing or the sound of the wind blowing the curtain, and he said in his mouth: "Yuan Zi has just come." Yuan Ming listened, and was even more sad, and he cried loudly in the Spirit Hall, making a bang lianyun: "Push Yuan everywhere, Zhijunya hugs Qian qiujian; special visit Dai, hate me for being ten days late." Yuan Mei saw that Tong Yu had spread the poem manuscript all over the bed, and when he was sad, he held the reading in his hand and could not bear to let go. The family also told Yuan Ming about Tong Yu's will, asking him to proofread the full manuscript and add another preface. Yuan Mei agreed and compiled the twelve volumes of the Xiangxue Zhai Manuscript for Tong Yu and made a preface. Tong Yu's epitaph was also written by the hand of the fake Yuan Ming. Tong Yu and Yuan Ming, the two of them have two hobbies that are the same: Ai Mei and Shen Yu poetry, they admire each other, and because of this, it is difficult to find a voice.
So far, I have read Tong Yu's poems and looked at them with a lot of vicissitudes. Yuan Mei fulfilled Tong Yu's obsession with poetry, and Tong Yu did not disappoint the long-berth friends of God. The ancient literati felt sorry for each other; the modern literati dismantled the stage step by step. He wrote in the poem "The Book of Deshedi":
Nanku asked to buy a mountain,
The old house has three rooms that can be supported.
This goes but by the gulls,
It refers to the duration of the goose.
Cong Cong Lan Ju begs with neighbors,
Ben Ben Creek Mountain moved into the painting.
Tie up the yellow grass to make up for the gap,
It is always appropriate to start the wind and moon.
Tong Yu was born for Mei, and when he sent Luoyang to compile the "Henan Tongzhi", he wrote that plum blossoms hung between the walls. At that time, it was winter, and all the insects were stinging, and suddenly, I saw a frozen bee lurking in the branches between the plum blossoms on the painting. Plum blossoms spread the gods, and even attracted frozen bees to lurk through paintings, which was a matter of pleasure. People are elegant in painting, and even frozen bees are so elegant, don't you let the artists be happy. Tong Yu's friend Shen Youxi, in order to commemorate this incident, specially wrote a poem:
Snow Lake painting plum bee whiskers,
The tree man paints plum bees around the plant.
Two hundred years apart,
Dripping with large strokes of the same dip.
Tong Yu was famous for his "plum delusion" at that time, and when he lived in Hangzhou, he wrote a poem "Plum tree is the predecessor". His plum blossoms were loved at the time, were sought after, and collected as treasures. He wrote thousands of poems for plum blossoms, and he made no less than 10,000 plum blossom pictures in his life, so there are small prints of "10,000 plum blossoms and 10,000 poems", which are rumored to be good stories in the painting world. He painted plums and wing mei, known as "two absolutes" and "absolute plum blossom poems", and he had a self-carved idle chapter "I don't know if I am a plum blossom", and did his relationship with plum blossoms. He said in the poem "Painting Plum":
Ten Zhangyan Wei Ten Zhang Dust,
The spirit of snow is still seen at all.
Don't feel the cold of the sleeves,
I am a heat avoidant in the world.
The poet Jiang Shiquan praised Tong Yu's writing of plum blossoms in the "Book of Calligraphy and Paintings of Miscellaneous Artists":
Recently painted plum boy two trees,
Ten fingers stained with ink all year round.
After all, after Cheng Ming gave birth to a son,
Beauty Coats is unknown.
Tong Yu is good at poetry and proficient in the history of Xiu Shi Suo. Writing Mei Zongyang without blame, he is also good at landscapes, writing orchids, bamboo, wood and stone in a cursive brushwork, and often painting in ink in the moonlight. Tong Yu fine seal carving, gongcao li. He pre-revised the "Chronicle of Henan Province" and "Chronicle of Ganquan County", and authored "Ershushan Renji" and "Xiangxue Zhai Yu Manuscript". Jiang Baoling's "Mo Lin's Present Words" records Tong Yu's anecdotes: Ershu Painting Mei "famous and unique, people get one of them, arch bi regard it." "Legend has it that when he was living in Luoyang, he tried to write about the plum wall, and when it was winter, hundreds of insects were stinging, and suddenly there were frozen bees lurking on it. His plum blossom transmission has reached such a chaotic point! Tong Yu's Xiangqi Shen Youxi once gave a poem to this purpose:
Yuan Ming has a poem entitled "Painting Plum with Two Trees" in volume 24 of the "Xiaocang Shanfang Poetry Collection": "Mr. Tong, Ju Ruoye, a small boat paddles spring green, and a branch of fairy brushes paint plum blossoms." Painted as plum blossoms do not I mussel, far away yaohuasuo my poems. I have not seen the painting difficult to chant, the mountains flowing water empty acacia. My brother Xiang Tingzhi said that Mr. Qishi was really a stranger. Lonely and cold people with plum trees, fragrant people get plum blossoms. It seems that this Qingcai is a widow, and the natural pen is frosted. DuLing is both a saint in poetry and a king with the title of Plum Blossom King. I am ashamed that I have not arrived in a lonely mountain for a long time, and I am smiling at the plums planted in the dynasty: such a thousand branches and thousands of flowers, do not ask Mr. To write a picture! ”
His cursive writing, dashing and self-sufficient, came and went in and out of the Tang and Song dynasties; he could also be subordinate to the law and the two Han Dynasties, refusing to work in the Han law, and rubbing the Tang and Song people's law, and then becoming a machine and a style. For example, his painting style and poetic style have a chilling atmosphere, such as a strong man who is uneven, who wants to draw a sword and wants to endure, and is slightly disdainful in Confucianism. Tong Yu", "There will be a long journey from Yexi to Xixing", Shiyun:
Hard water in front of the door, every year to carry passengers to the west.
The green mountains are sent together, and the black birds cry several times.
It is difficult to know the calculation accurately, and the rural voice is gradually confused.
If you have a dream, you should love Ruoye Creek.
Jiang Baoling's "Mo Lin's Present Words" records Tong Anshi and said: Ershu Painting Mei "is a famous book, and people get one of them, and Gong Bi regards it." "Legend has it that when he was living in Luoyang, he tried to write about the plum wall, and when it was winter, hundreds of insects were stinging, and suddenly there were frozen bees lurking on it. His plum blossom transmission has reached such a chaotic point! Tong's Xiangqi Shen Youxi once gave a poem to this purpose:
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "Song for Zhou Tongyu's Two Trees", praising:
In the middle of the plum, meditation is as light as water.
Xiu Zhi was painstakingly edited, and Feng Yun wrote down.
Drifting zero is his court, and it is difficult to sacrifice in a different place.
The demeanor is terrible, and the silence is forgotten for thousands of miles.
Yaohua Suo poetry, lonely and cold people worship.
Jumei strokes spring green, fairy pen planting flowers make.
Clouds cover the four sides, generous fog and rain bottom.
In the life of a confidant, why should he be suspicious and ruined?
Qing Cai shi widowed, fell to the crown of the king.
Thousands of flowers, proud to the gentleman.