Introduction: The second half of the 12th century was a magical era, and the three-legged Western Xia, Jin and Southern Song Dynasties on the East Asian continent successively entered the heyday of the heyday. As we said earlier, the Jin Dynasty experienced the reign of Jin Shizong, Jin Zhangzong Dading, and Mingchang to the peak of its national strength; the Southern Song Dynasty, under the rule of Song Xiaozong Zhao Xuan's Qianchun, had the remaining strength to launch the Longxing Northern Expedition; and as a party emperor, Li Renxiao of the temple name Xia Renzong promoted Confucian culture, and both the national strength and territory reached the peak in the history of Western Xia.
It is hard to imagine that the words "those who have a Middle Xia in the north must practice Han law, but they can last" actually came from the conservative and conservative Western Xia royal family. From the time Yuan Hao ascended the throne as emperor and established Western Xia, creating Western Xia Wen, issuing bald orders, and maintaining the old customs of the party almost became the national policy of Western Xia; the purpose was to prevent the corruption of the party and nobles and maintain national strength. Xia Renzong and Jin Zhangzong, two ethnic minority monarchs, invariably adopted a system of absorbing The Civilization of the Central Plains, respecting Confucian culture, and emphasizing literature over martial arts. Under the premise of the rapid development of national strength, it also laid hidden dangers for the decline of Western Xia.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="3" > Li Renxiao ruled for more than half a century, and his long-term stable rule ensured the continuity of the system</h1>
Due to the stubborn resistance of the Western Xia, a generation of Genghis Khan died in the Western Xia; the Mongols almost retaliated by slaughtering the city and burning the Western Xia cultural classics after the destruction of the Western Xia. The almost subjugation of the country and the extermination of its Miao descendants has seriously lacked records in the history of Western Xia, let alone the need to revise history. Therefore, the records of Western Xia in the history books are usually found in the "History of Song" and "History of Liao". The "History of Song" records: Ren Xiao, the eldest son of Chongzong. In June of the ninth year of Shaoxing, Emperor Chongzong was martyred and took the throne at the age of sixteen... Ren Xiao honored his mother Cao Shi as the mother of the country. The fact that the mother was of Han Chinese was one of the reasons why Li Renxiao of Xia Renzong adopted Han rites, and the successive western Xia kings since the founding monarch Yuan Hao had been vigorously promoting the study of sinology. However, conservative forces such as party aristocrats and foreign relatives were huge, and the Western Xia also changed frequently between Han rites and rites.
After the establishment of Western Xia, it has been relatively turbulent, the founder of Western Xia, Yuan Hao, was assassinated by the crown prince, Xia Yizong Li Yuzuo easily broke the monopoly of foreign relatives, but died at the age of 21; Xia Huizong Li Bingchang has always been suppressed by foreign relatives and cannot really be pro-government, and ended up depressed at the age of 26; it was not until Xia Chongzong Li Qianshun came to power that there was a zhongxing atmosphere, on this basis, Xia Renzong Li Renxiao's benevolent government for half a century promoted the national strength of Western Xia to reach its peak, and the territory of Western Xia also reached its peak. Although it is rare for a regime to be benevolent, it is even more rare to practice benevolent government for a long time; in a feudal society that practices the rule of man, the world is tied to the emperor, so the seven consecutive generations of Ming jun of the Han Dynasty have created the famous name of a strong Han for four hundred years. The previous emperors of Western Xia, such as Xia Yizong Li Yizuo, Xia Huizong Li Bingchang, and Xia Chongzong Li Qianshun, were not unwise or incompetent; however, in the face of the constant counterattacks of foreign relatives and party aristocrats, the western Xia state strength was constantly repeated. This is also the reason why the western Xia national power will reach its peak during the reign of Xia Renzong, who ruled for half a century.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="6" > cultivated benevolent government, emphasized literature and light force, maintained peace with the Jin and Southern Song Dynasties for decades, and contributed to the construction and development of the country</h1>
After the establishment of Western Xia, it was the weakest of the three parallel regimes of Liao, Xia, and Song; therefore, the national policy of declaring a vassal to the Liao state actually played a very good role; several times, if it were not for the constraints of the Liao state, perhaps the Western Xia would have been pacified long ago. After the Jin State replaced the Liao State, Xiao Zhicao of the Western Xia Dynasty claimed the title of Domain to the Jin State, so the external environment during the Xia Renzong period was still very stable. The monopoly of foreign relations has always been an unavoidable problem in Western Xia, and it also encountered such a problem during the xia renzong period.
The Song Dynasty generally ordered Ren Dejing (Liupin of the Song Dynasty) to lead his troops to surrender to Western Xiaxia and was reused by Western Xia. Ren Dejing offered his daughter Jin to Emperor Xia Chongzong Li Qianshun as a concubine, and then bribed his daughter to be made empress. Even after Emperor Renzong of Xia succeeded to the throne, Ren Dejing had become the Duke of Xiping of Western Xia, who held military power. The ambitious Ren Dejing forced Emperor Xia Renzong to crown him king of Chu after becoming chancellor, and then demanded that the territory be split and sealed. This is the famous Ren Dejing division of the country in the history of Western Xia, and if Ren Dejing wants to stand firm, he must be crowned by the Jinguo, the suzerainty of Western Xia. At this time, jin shizong was ruled by Kim Sejong, who pioneered the rule of Dading, and Kim Sejong, who advocated a Confucian culture of loyalty and patriotism, categorically refused to be canonized. Xia Renzong killed Ren Dejing with the help of jin guo, preventing the division of Western Xia. Also because of Ren Dejing's stubbornness, Xia Renzong became distrustful of military attaches and began to emphasize literature and light martial arts as much as the Southern Song Dynasty of the Jin Dynasty. Perhaps this is also a bug in learning the central plains culture of the Song Dynasty, and the flat-headed brother of Western Xia, who once disobeyed no one, also began the process of abolishing martial arts.
The long-term peace between The Western Xia and the Song and Jin Dynasties was conducive to reducing defense expenditure and maximizing the concentration of Chinese forces to develop the economy and culture. Because Xia Renzong's governing ideas were similar to those of Jin Shizong and Jin Zhangzong of the Jin Dynasty, the western Xia state gradually stepped into the peak. However, if there is a benefit, there is a disadvantage, and the result of emphasizing the importance of literature over force is that the armament is abolished and the combat effectiveness of the army plummets. Although the emperors of the Western Xia were still uncompromising, the Western Xia army, which had different combat effectiveness, was repeatedly defeated in the face of the Mongols. Like Jin Zhangzong of the Jin Dynasty, the national strength of Western Xia reached its peak during the xia renzong period; but before xia renzong died, the western xia national strength had gradually declined like a monthly gain and a loss.
<h1 class="pgc-h-arrow-right" data-track="10" > xingkeju, quell rebellion, develop the economy, do not try to see the actual interests of the name, and the Western Xia ushered in a highlight moment</h1>
As we said before, in addition to the founding emperor Yuan Hao in Western Xia, the emperors of the middle and early period generally promoted Confucian culture. The Jin Dynasty, which was at the same time as Xia Renzong, also admired Confucian culture, but neither the Confucian orthodox Song Dynasty nor the Jin Kingdom of Confucian culture could think of Xia Renzong's ascension to the level of emperor. Emperor Renzong of Xia honored Confucius as "Emperor Wenxuan" and ordered the establishment of Confucius temples in the western Xia states and counties. Respecting Confucian culture is not just rhetorical, Xia Renzong set up schools from the children of the imperial family to local states and counties, and set up Taixue at the top to cultivate Confucian talents. By writing a literary rule, setting up an imperial examination, and compiling a comparative dictionary of Western Xia and Chinese, it can be said that Xia Renzong had a continuous policy on learning the culture of the Central Plains.
The History of the Song Dynasty, Vol. 486, Liechuan No. 245 records: "The school was founded in the middle of the country, the primary school was established in the forbidden middle school, and the personal teaching ... Xia DaHan Taixue, pro-Shi Dian, disciples to give poor ... For sixteen years, Confucius was honored as Emperor Wenxuan... Eighteen years later, he restored the internal school and chose the name Offición. Added the law to the name "Dingxin""
After quelling the internal rebellion, Xia Renzong actively developed the economy and adopted many appropriate policies; prohibited extravagance and advocated frugality. At the same time, in the face of a country that is stronger than the Jin and Song Dynasties, they do not seek to make a false name and value practical interests. Xia Renzong recognized the status of the suzerainty of the Jin Dynasty and sought an independent development opportunity under the big tree. To what extent did Xia Renzong hold Jin Guo's thighs? During his reign, the Western Xia Dynasty paid tribute to the Jin Dynasty more than one hundred and forty times. In the face of Western Xia's obedience, both Kim Sejong and Jin Zhangzong were very happy, because these two emperors also revered Confucian culture and were immersed in the illusion of a dynasty of nations. Therefore, in the face of Xixia, a sensible little brother, Jin Guo was still very concerned.
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