Focusing on the overall deployment of rural revitalization strategy, this review activates endogenous power, continuously increases the investment of credit loans, fulfills the responsibilities and responsibilities of the main force of rural finance, better meets the diversified and multi-level financial needs of rural revitalization, and promotes the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
Reporter Lu Hongxing
Xu Chunpei
Different from ordinary production enterprises, commercial banks are special enterprises that operate credit, pay interest costs to absorb deposits, and then issue loans to enterprises or natural persons with financing needs to support production or consumption, which is its most basic and important business.
In fact, "issuing loans to support the development of the real economy" is the main business and foundation of commercial banks.
For rural commercial banks everywhere, granting loans to small, medium and micro enterprises, individual industrial and commercial enterprises and farmers with financing needs is not only a key factor in supporting the development of the real economy, meeting customers' diversified capital needs, enhancing service quality and efficiency, and winning in market competition, but also the only way to cope with intra-industry competition, promote transformation and upgrading, and achieve high-quality development.
Affected by the three-year epidemic, in the context of economic downturn, the real economy, especially private enterprises and small and micro enterprises, has been affected to a certain extent, the demand for effective credit is insufficient, and the difficulty of lending is the common "pain point" faced by rural commercial banks everywhere.
Multiple factors make it difficult for rural commercial banks to lend
Wang Ren, deputy dean of the School of Finance of Hunan Technology and Business University, said in an interview with the China Economic Times that in recent years, under the superposition of multiple factors such as the complex and changeable economic situation at home and abroad, the sinking service focus of large banks, and the increasing competition in the same industry, many rural commercial banks have faced the dilemma of "difficulty in lending".
Fei Xiang, secretary of the party committee and chairman of Jiangsu Dongtai Rural Commercial Bank, told the China Economic Times reporter that in recent years, with the continuous sinking of the business focus of state-owned commercial banks, small and scattered has long ceased to be the "patent" of rural commercial banks. In terms of loans, the interest rate of small and micro enterprise credit loans of some state-owned commercial banks can be as low as 4.0025%, and the mortgage interest rate is not increased to the benchmark LPR; For Jiangsu Dongtai Rural Commercial Bank, due to the high cost of funds (the comprehensive cost of deposits alone reaches 2.25%), except for individual policy loans, the loan pricing must generally be higher than 4.35% to reach the break-even line, and the loan price does not dominate in the market competition.
Li Linjun, secretary of the party committee and chairman of Shanxi Liulin Rural Commercial Bank, told the China Economic Times reporter that at present, rural commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives are generally facing the dilemma of difficult profitability. The core factors of weak profitability are that effective credit demand continues to be insufficient, and physical loans are small, accounting for a small proportion, low yield, and high risk.
In Li Linjun's view, the main contradictions faced by rural commercial banks are mainly reflected in the following two aspects.
First, the "aorta" and "main channel" of physical loans cannot play their due role. Second, under strong supervision and strict requirements, the role of "secondary arteries" such as capital business and bill business has gradually weakened, and the high interest expenses brought about by the growth of deposits have constantly "devoured" profits, and "not making money" or even "losing money" has become the biggest risk and challenge faced by rural commercial banks and rural credit cooperatives.
"Compared with most other banks, rural commercial banks are limited by their high comprehensive management costs, and they do not have an advantage in deposit interest rate competition." Fei Xiang further said.
In Wang Ren's view, the reason why it is difficult for institutions such as rural commercial banks to lend loans is caused by many factors. On the one hand, in the context of preventing financial risks, the government has strengthened the supervision and regulation of bank loan business, and it is common for banks to have difficulties in lending. Rural commercial banks are no exception, and it is more difficult to lend money under the condition that the loan risk is controlled to ensure that the loan risk is controlled. On the other hand, with the changes in the economic situation, many farmers and micro, small and medium-sized enterprises have difficulties in repayment or default, which makes the credit rating of loan borrowers by rural commercial banks tilted backwards, resulting in difficulties in lending or having to increase loan interest rates.
The reporter learned that in recent years, with the successive introduction of various national policies to benefit farmers and farmers, the issuance of various agriculture-related subsidy funds has increased the income level of farmers to a certain extent, and peasant households can be self-sufficient in general production activities without the need for bank loans, thus easing the demand for funds from the "three rural areas". In addition, under the impetus of urbanization construction, the land occupation subsidy funds for infrastructure projects in the urban-rural junction department have been gradually cashed out, and farmers have "become rich overnight", which further reduces the effective credit demand in the rural market.
Feng Xingyuan, a researcher at the Institute of Rural Development of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with the China Economic Times that the large number of small and medium-sized banks in rural areas is both an advantage and a disadvantage. Because its fixed costs and human resource costs are relatively high, the cost of deposit absorption is also higher than that of other state-owned commercial banks, and it is often in a weak passive situation in price competition.
"In recent years, the state has encouraged all kinds of banks to implement inclusive financial services and required lower loan interest rates. Large state-owned commercial banks have sunk into counties, taking advantage of their low-cost capital advantages to expand lending to counties, and compete for high-quality customers of small and medium-sized banks such as rural commercial banks by lowering loan interest rates. "Feng Xingyuan Jinyi
Step representation.
Rural commercial banks should clarify their positioning and accurately match their needs
In order to effectively solve the "pain point" of difficulty in lending to rural commercial banks, Wang Ren believes that rural commercial banks should further clarify their positioning and accurately match their needs. Specifically, we should start from the following three aspects.
First, we should focus on the overall deployment of the rural revitalization strategy to activate the endogenous driving force. In accordance with the general requirements of industrial prosperity, clarify its own positioning, focus on key areas, deepen reform and innovation, establish and improve the market system, organizational system and product system of financial services and rural revitalization, improve the return mechanism of rural financial resources, and allocate more financial resources to key rural areas and weak links. The customer groups of rural commercial banks are mainly small and micro enterprises, individual industrial and commercial enterprises and farmers, and rural commercial banks should clearly position, accurately match goals, lay out in advance, continuously increase the investment of credit loans, fulfill the responsibilities and responsibilities of the main force of rural finance, better meet the diversified and multi-level financial needs of rural revitalization, and promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas.
Second, pay attention to innovative service forms and strengthen scientific and technological empowerment. Using big data and artificial intelligence technology, continuously optimize the algorithm model, gain in-depth insight into the current and potential needs of customers by obtaining massive multi-dimensional data information, effectively manage risks and provide reliable services in a timely manner, so as to grasp the initiative, improve efficiency, scale and user experience, and effectively reduce costs and risks. For example, Yiyang Rural Commercial Bank innovatively developed "non-inductive credit inclusive loan", and realized the transformation of the household expansion method from "waiting" to "request", and at the same time, with the online loan mode combining "non-inductive credit + financial back folder", the whole process of online approval was implemented, and the efficiency of loan processing was significantly improved.
Third, we must further strengthen the endogenous development momentum of enterprises. Continuously promote the development of agricultural industrialization, realize the agglomeration of agricultural production factors through cooperative methods, effectively and sustainably connect with the market, promote market empowerment, enhance the competitiveness of leading enterprises, especially small farmers, and fundamentally reduce the credit risk of enterprises as much as possible.