After the July 7 Incident in 1937, the Japanese army continued to send reinforcements from the northeast region and the Japanese base camp to the surrounding area of Beiping, and the situation in Tianjin, which is close to Beiping, was also very critical.
The Japanese army originally had two companies and three squadrons stationed in Tianjin, and after the July 7 Incident, the Japanese army sent a large number of infantry and artillery to Tianjin, and also reinforced a large number of aircraft to Tianjin's Dongjuzi Airport.
Although the Japanese army was constantly reinforcing Tianjin, but at that time the primary target of the Japanese army was Beiping, because the Chinese defenders in Beiping stubbornly resisted, the Japanese army also transferred a part of the army from Tianjin to support the direction of Beiping, so at this time, Li Wentian, commander of the Thirty-eighth Division of the Twenty-ninth Army stationed in Tianjin, was still hesitating whether to take the initiative to attack the Japanese army, or make defensive preparations and wait for the Japanese army to attack.
On July 27, 1937, Song Zheyuan, commander of the 20th Army, issued a telegram to all the officers and men of the army on the anti-japanese war of "defending the territory by self-defense.", and Li Wentian and others stationed in Tianjin held an emergency meeting at Li Wentian's official office on the evening of July 28 after receiving orders.
The purpose of the meeting was to discuss how the Chinese defenders in Tianjin could launch an active attack on the invading Japanese army, which at that time had three regiments of the Thirty-eighth Division plus three security squadrons, totaling more than 5,000 people, slightly more than the Japanese in terms of numerical superiority, but the advantage of the Japanese army was that there were constant aircraft bombing in the sky, there was naval cover on the sea, and there was a steady stream of reinforcements from the sea and land.
This is on The land of China!
As a native Chinese defender of the War of Resistance, the Chinese defenders actually carried out a lonely war of resistance without reinforcements, and on September 29, 1937, the Tianjin defenders launched an active attack on the Japanese Kou, which was the first time since the War of Resistance Against Japan that the Chinese regular army took the initiative to attack the Japanese army on a large scale.
After the battle began, Song Zheyuan, commander of the Twenty-ninth Army, sent a telegram to He Yingqin, minister of war and politics in Nanjing, asking nanjing to quickly send reinforcements to support the Tianjin defenders, but it was not known what the reason was at that time.
It is reasonable to say that after the July 7 Incident of that year, He Yingqin, who was presiding over the army reorganization meeting in Sichuan, was recalled by Chiang Kai-shek to Nanjing to discuss the anti-Japanese strategy, and in the face of the war that broke out in Beiping and Tianjin, He Yingqin, as minister of military affairs, could not fail to make the slightest response after receiving a request for help from The Beiping side, and the specific reasons for this are no longer known.
At that time, the focus of the attack on the Japanese troops stationed in Tianjin was mainly in three aspects, namely, the Tianjin Railway Station, which was controlled by the Japanese, the East Bureauzi Airfield, and the Haiguang Temple, the headquarters of the Japanese Chinese Garrison.
At that time, the battles to attack Tianjin East Railway Station and Dongjuzi Airfield were relatively smooth, but the battle at Haiguang Temple was very fierce, and when the officers and men of the Twenty-sixth Brigade of the Thirty-eighth Division attacked the East Juzi Airfield, because the Chinese army was preemptive, the defending Japanese army at that time did not perceive the slightest danger.
The Chinese army took advantage of the night to approach the airport and first eliminated the Japanese sentries on the periphery, and then the large troops launched a charge, and after the Sleeping Japanese troops were awakened by the shouts of killing outside, some of them were sent back to their hometowns by the large knives in the hands of the Chinese army before they could even put on their clothes.
The battle lasted from night to dawn, when more than sixty Japanese planes parked at Dongjuzi airfield were poured with gasoline by the Chinese army and all scrapped in a sea of fire, and after dawn, the Chinese army took the initiative to withdraw from the battle because the Japanese planes from other places came to bomb.
This battle was earlier than the Chinese army sneaked into the Japanese airfield at Yangmingbao, and the results of the battle were even greater, causing huge casualties to the Japanese army.
More than 400 Japanese troops stationed at Tianjin East Railway Station were also completely destroyed under the fierce attack of the Chinese army, and after capturing these two locations, the Chinese army concentrated all the targets of the attack on Haiguang Temple and the Japanese concession, and the Japanese army was also disrupted by the sudden attack of the Chinese defenders, and the Japanese army decided to deploy some troops from the invading Beiping and Kwantung Army to the south to support the Tianjin battlefield.
At that time, the Japanese expatriates in the Japanese Concession in Tianjin were also all armed, and these Japanese immigrants living in China had no idea what their identity was, and they actually helped the Japanese military to resist the anti-aggression battle of the Chinese army.
Because of the arrival of the continuous reinforcements of the Japanese army, the support of the Japanese in the Japanese concession and the bombardment of the Japanese air force, the Chinese army took a sharp turn from the beginning of the situation, and the positions taken by the Chinese army from the Japanese army were lost one after another.
Under the bombardment of Japanese aircraft, the city of Tianjin was reduced to a sea of fire, and a large number of Chinese soldiers and civilians died under the bombardment of Japanese aircraft, but the defenders of Tianjin and the people of Tianjin were not afraid of enemy artillery fire, and they also rushed to the front line to fight with the Japanese and Kou.
At that time, the people of Tianjin spontaneously sent their own food to the front, some holding watermelons in their hands, some holding prepared meals and tea, and they braved the enemy's artillery fire to brave the advance.
Some people donated their private cars to the Chinese army to transport ammunition, and some shops even removed the doors of the shops and sent them to the front line to build fortifications. The scene of the Tianjin War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in those years made people see the blood boiling, the Chinese army took the initiative to attack and fight the Japanese ghosts and howls, and the Tianjin citizens' support for the army practiced that in the face of the great national righteousness, whether soldiers or civilians, we are all members of the Chinese nation.
It is a pity that at that time, the National Government authorities were still wishfully hoping for mediation by the international community, and the overall situation of the War of Resistance Against Japan was in a negative state, which led to the increasing arrogance of the Japanese army and allowed the Japanese army to suppress the Twenty-ninth Army as a whole in terms of weapons and the number of troops on our Chinese soil.
The Twenty-ninth Army, which was fighting alone, had to withdraw from the battle, and when the officers and men of the Thirty-eighth Division were ordered to withdraw, many officers and men were unwilling to let Tianjin occupy by the Japanese army in this way, and they chose to stay and die with Tianjin.
When the Chinese army attacking the Gongda Seventh Factory (today's Jinyin Dyeing Factory) was preparing to retreat, five soldiers were not willing to retreat, and instead of retreating, the five of them rushed forward to the water tower in the factory area, and the five of them finally heroically sacrificed themselves on the anti-Japanese battlefield, and after the Japanese army occupied Tianjin on July 30, they were still fighting all over the city, because there were still many Chinese troops in the city who resolutely did not retreat and fought with the Japanese army.
If Nanjing had been able to quickly send reinforcements north at that time, perhaps Peiping and Tianjin would not have been lost, and if the Chinese army had fought the Japanese army to the death when the September 18 Incident occurred in the previous year, perhaps the northeast region would not have fallen.
If the northeast region, Peiping and Tianjin had not fallen, there might not have been the Future Battle of Songhu or the Nanjing Massacre, and we should have found a problem from the history of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the subsequent War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, that is, in the face of imperialism, blindly making concessions will only make the enemy more arrogant, and only by completely defeating and subduing the aggressors can we truly usher in peace.
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Anti-Japanese War Full Record 1931-1945 ¥49.6 Purchase
In the fourteen-year-long War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, there were also many heroic deeds of the Chinese army in resisting Japan, and there are detailed records of the War of Resistance Against Japan in the book Of Complete Records of the War of Resistance Against Japan in China.