Astronomers at the University of Colorado, Boulder, have discovered "lost matter," the last piece of ordinary matter lurking in the universe. Ordinary matter particles are also known as "baryons", all objects in the universe are made of baryons, from planets and stars to the core of black holes, so singularity, until now, astronomers have found about two-thirds of ordinary matter in the universe, leaving one-third of ordinary matter, which are undiscovered "lost baryons". Astrophysicists generally agree that all natural matter was produced by the means of the Big Bang.
In a study published in the journal Nature, an international astronomical team found the remaining one-third of ordinary matter, which is distributed in the region of space between galaxies, forming a filamentous web of oxygen atoms, and as they approach quasars, the temperature of ordinary matter reaches about 1 million degrees Celsius. Michael Sal, a researcher in the Department of Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences at the University of Colorado, explained that the new discovery marks an important breakthrough for the science team in the field of astrophysics, finding the remaining ordinary matter.
With the Big Bang theory supported by key evidence, the new discovery solves a cosmological conundrum, how is the number of hydrogen, helium, and all other baryon elements constituted in the periodic table? Astronomers already have an observation program, they clearly know where in the universe to find most of the ordinary matter, about 10% of the ordinary matter is distributed in the interior of galaxies, about 60% of the ordinary matter is scattered between the galaxy gas clouds, the remaining about 30% of the ordinary matter is likely to be hidden in the vast galaxy space.
In 2012, Saarr and his colleagues at the University of Colorado predicted that about 30% of lost baryon matter or ordinary matter, they weave into a filamentous web structure in space, it is very difficult to directly detect lost baryons in space, they are woven into a filamentous web of the universe, scientists have encountered a thorny problem, lost ordinary matter has a large temperature fluctuation, from thousands of degrees to millions of degrees of temperature difference, close to quasars and galaxies filamentous material has extremely high temperatures. Filamentous material away from quasars and galaxies has very low temperatures. Most filamentous web materials do not absorb a lot of radiant energy, they are far away from the radiation sources in the galaxy, emitting an extremely faint light. Astrophysicists refer to these filamentous substances as warm-hot—extremely hot interstellar media (WHIM).
Searching between galaxies for "lost atoms" or lost ordinary matter, a project team of scientists from multiple countries used a series of exploration satellites to target a quasar known as 1ES 1553, which is tightly wrapped in hundreds of thousands of stars, lurking a supermassive black hole lurking at the center of the quasar, which is swallowing up large amounts of gaseous material, while the black hole suffers from "indigestion." A large amount of gaseous material was ejected, and the quasar jet outlined a gas column-like shape, and the large eruption of the black hole looked like a bright beacon standing majestically in space. Astronomers recorded data on quasar jets, which "lampposts" traveled through space, leaving behind information about the "big radiation" of black holes, as if a sailor's eyes had seen through the fog on the surface of the water to see a lighthouse for navigation for ships.
The researchers on the science team used the "Origin of the Universe" aboard the Hubble Space Telescope to collect clues about lost baryons or ordinary matter through space instruments, and the researchers also used the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton telescope or X-ray multi-mirror mission satellite to more lock on the latent baryon material, which they received signals from highly ionized oxygen atoms, dense oxygen atom gases scattered in quasars, and also distributed in space regions within our solar system. The density of the distribution is high enough to satisfy the number predicted by the theory, that is, there are 30% unknown baryons or ordinary matter in the universe. The astronomical team failed to answer the thorny question, why is the silk mesh made of oxygen gas distributed in the very empty area between galaxies? There seems to be some unknown distribution mechanism, and the filamentous oxygen element material is dispersed to the space region very far away from other ordinary substances under the deployment of a certain mechanism.
(Compiler: 2021-6-22)