01 Poyang Lake:
Location and Formation History: Located in the north of Jiangxi Province, Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China, covering an area of 3,960 square kilometers. There are 41 islands and seven nature reserves in the lake area. Lake Poyang was formed about 25 million years ago as a result of tectonic movements and Quaternary glacial activity.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Poyang Lake is a paradise for white cranes and water birds, and there are more than 300 kinds of migratory birds in Poyang Lake in the reserve, nearly one million, including more than 50 species of rare birds, which is the world's largest bird reserve. In addition, Poyang Lake is also an important spawning and breeding ground for fish, and has rich freshwater ecological resources.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeographical features: Poyang Lake is a typical natural shallow lake with a shallow water depth, with an average depth of about 8 meters and a maximum depth of no more than 25 meters. The lake has good water quality and the water body is rich in oxygen, which is an ideal environment for the growth of plants and animals. The hydrogeological characteristics of the lake area are mainly formed by long-term sedimentation and sedimentation.
Lake utilization and management: Lake Poyang is one of China's famous fishing bases and is rich in freshwater fish resources. In addition, the lake is used as an important water resource for irrigation, power generation and shipping. In order to protect the ecological environment and biodiversity of Poyang Lake, a number of measures have been implemented, such as wetland protection and restoration, pollution control and water resources management.
Cultural and historical value: Poyang Lake is one of China's cultural heritage, and there are a large number of historical and cultural sites and cultural landscapes in the lake area. The ancient literati Moke once left many poems and paintings on the shores of the lake, and the lake area was also the site of some famous wars and political events in ancient China. Therefore, Poyang Lake also has important historical and cultural value.
02 Dongting Lake:
Location and formation history: Located on the south bank of the Jingjiang River in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, spanning Hunan, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, Dongting Lake is the second largest freshwater lake in China, with an area of 2579.2 square kilometers. The formation of the lake dates back about 6,000 years.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Dongting Lake is a typical subtropical lake with rich aquatic biological resources and wetland ecosystem. There are many rare and endangered species in the lake area, such as turtles, finless porpoises, sambar and so on. At the same time, Dongting Lake is also one of the important sites for migratory birds, and a large number of migratory birds stop or transit through the lake every year.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeographical features: Dongting Lake is a shallow lake with an average depth of 2.6 meters and a maximum depth of no more than 7 meters. The water level in the lake area varies greatly, especially during the rainy season and flood season, and the lake surface area increases several times. Dongting Lake is a typical flood detention lake that can mitigate the flood threat in the Yangtze River basin.
Lake utilization and management: Dongting Lake is one of China's famous fishing bases, rich in freshwater fish resources, such as silver carp, carp, bighead carp, etc. At the same time, the lake is used for aquaculture, irrigation, power generation and shipping. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Dongting Lake, a number of measures have been implemented, such as wetland protection and restoration, pollution control and water resources management.
Cultural and historical value: Dongting Lake is one of China's cultural heritage, and there are a large number of historical and cultural sites and cultural landscapes in the lake area. The famous ancient poet Du Fu once left the verse "Alone and not asking each other, the rivers and lakes night rain for ten years", and the lake area was also the site of some famous wars and political events in ancient China. Therefore, Dongting Lake also has important historical and cultural value.
03 Taihu Lake:
Location and Formation History: Located on the southern edge of the Yangtze River Delta, straddling Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, Lake Taihu is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China, covering an area of 2427.8 square kilometers. The formation of lakes dates back about 150 million years to the influence of tectonic movements and river washout.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Lake Taihu is a typical subtropical lake with rich aquatic biological resources and wetland ecosystem. There are many rare and endangered species in the lake area, such as sika deer, white cranes, leopards, etc. At the same time, Taihu Lake is also one of the important migratory bird migration sites, and a large number of migratory birds stop or transit in the lake area every year.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features: Lake Taihu is a large shallow lake with an average depth of 2.7 meters and a maximum depth of no more than 5.3 meters. The water level of the lake changes greatly, especially during the rainy season and flood season, and the lake surface area increases several times. The Taihu Lake system covers many rivers such as the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Taipu River and Wujiang River, and is an important part of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.
Lake utilization and management: Lake Taihu is one of China's famous fishing bases, rich in freshwater fish resources, such as silver carp, carp, bighead carp, etc. The lake is also used for aquaculture, irrigation, power generation and shipping. However, in the past few decades, Lake Taihu has also suffered serious pollution and environmental damage, so the protection and governance of the lake has become an important issue for the government and all sectors of society.
Cultural and historical value: Lake Taihu is one of China's cultural heritage, and there are a large number of historical and cultural relics and cultural landscapes in the lake area. The ancient literati Moke once left many poems and paintings on the shores of the lake, and the lake area was also the site of some famous wars and political events in ancient China. There are also many famous cultural monuments and tourist attractions around Taihu Lake, such as Suzhou Garden, Wuxi Yutouzhu, Nanxun Water Town, etc., so Taihu Lake also has important historical and cultural value.
04 Hongze Lake:
Location and formation history: Located in the lower reaches of the Huai River in western Jiangsu Province, Hongze Lake is the fourth largest freshwater lake in China, with an area of 2,069 square kilometers. The lake was formed about 25 million years ago as a result of tectonic movements and Quaternary glaciation.
Ecology and biodiversity: Hongze Lake is a large reservoir and shipping hub in the Huaihe River Basin, as well as a production base for fisheries, specialties and livestock products. The lake area is rich in ecological resources and species diversity, including many freshwater fish and wetland ecosystems.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeographical features: Hongze Lake is a water-passing lake, the water level fluctuates greatly, and the lake area changes with the change of water level. At the normal water storage level, the lake covers an area of 2,069 square kilometers, with a maximum depth of 5 meters and an average depth of 1.5 meters.
Lake use and management: Hongze Lake is used for shipping, irrigation, power generation and fisheries. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Hongze Lake, a number of measures have been implemented, such as wetland protection and restoration, pollution control and water resources management.
Cultural and historical value: Hongze Lake has a long history and is known as "sunrise gold". There are also many historical and cultural relics and cultural landscapes around the lake area, such as Hongze County Town and Niushoushan Cultural Site, so it also has important historical and cultural value.
05 Hulun Lake:
Location and formation history: Located in the western part of the grassland of Zhalainuoer District, Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hulun Lake is the seventh largest freshwater lake in China, with an area of 2,043 square kilometers. The lake formed about 100 million years ago as a result of tectonic tectonics and climate change.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Hulun Lake is a world biosphere reserve and a national nature reserve, with rich ecological resources and species diversity. The lake is surrounded by a grassland ecosystem and is a famous grassland pastoral area. The lake is also home to many freshwater fish and waterbirds.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features: Hulun Lake is an irregular oblique rectangular lake with a length of 93 kilometers, a maximum width of 41 kilometers, an average water depth of 5.7 meters, and a maximum water depth of 10 meters. The lake is replenished by sky rainfall and water from several rivers.
Lake utilization and management: The main use of Hulun Lake includes fishery, animal husbandry, tourism, etc. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Hulun Lake, the Hulun Lake Management Bureau has implemented a number of measures, such as lake environmental protection, water resources management and governance, wetland protection and restoration, etc.
Cultural and historical value: Hulun Lake is one of the important scenic spots in Inner Mongolia, and there are many famous tourist attractions and grassland cultural sites around the lake, such as sunrise on the water, mirage on the lake, stone pile love horse, jade beach waves, etc., so it has important historical and cultural value. In addition, Hulun Lake is also one of the important birthplaces of Mongolian culture, with rich folk culture and traditional arts.
06 Nansi Lake:
Geographical location and formation history: Nansi Lake is located in Weishan County, Shandong Province, and is the general name of four connected lakes, including Weishan Lake, Zhaoyang Lake, Dushan Lake and Nanyang Lake, of which Weishan Lake has the largest area. The lake was formed under the influence of geological structure and climate change, and is the largest lake in Shandong Province.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Nansi Lake is a shallow water eutrophic source with rich natural resources, rich in fish, shrimp, reed, lotus and other aquatic animals and plants, and is the most important freshwater fishery base in Shandong Province.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeographical features: Nansi Lake covers an area of 1266 square kilometers, the lake is a shallow lake, the maximum water depth is 10 meters, and the average water depth is shallow. The water quality of the lake is rich in nutrients and is prone to environmental problems such as cyanobacteria blooms.
Lake utilization and management: The main use of Nansi Lake includes fishery and tourism. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Nansi Lake, Weishan County in Shandong Province has implemented a number of measures, such as lake environmental protection, water resources management and governance, wetland protection and restoration, etc.
Cultural and historical value: There are many historical and cultural relics and cultural landscapes around Nansi Lake, such as Weishan County, Mount Tai, Confucius, etc., so it also has important historical and cultural value. In addition, Nansi Lake is also a gathering place for traditional fishing and hunting culture, with rich folk culture and traditional arts.
07 Bosten Lake:
Location and Formation History: Located in Bohu County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Bosten Lake is one of the largest freshwater lakes in China, with a total area of 1,228 square kilometers. Formed by geological formations and the influence of climate change, the lake is a pearl in the desert sea.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Bosten Lake is a national scenic spot and wetland park, with rich ecological resources and species diversity. The lake is surrounded by snow-capped mountains, lakes, oases, deserts and other landscapes, and there are many freshwater fish and waterbirds and other animals and plants in the lake.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features: Bosten Lake is a freshwater lake in the desert Han Sea, and the lake is mainly replenished by precipitation and several rivers. The lake covers an area of 1228 square kilometers and has an unknown maximum water depth, but the average water depth is shallow.
Lake use and management: The main uses of Lake Bosten include tourism, fisheries, etc. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Bosten Lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and other relevant departments have implemented a number of protection measures, such as lake environmental protection, water resources management and governance, wetland protection and restoration, etc.
Cultural and historical value: There are many monuments and cultural landscapes around Bosten Lake, such as Bosten Ancient City, Kunlun Pass, Silk Road, etc., so it also has important historical and cultural value. In addition, Bosten Lake is also inhabited by ethnic groups such as Mongolians and Hui, and is rich in folk culture and traditional arts.
08 Xingkai Lake:
Location and formation history: Xingkai Lake is located in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province, and is the largest lake in the Heilongjiang River Basin, with a total area of 4380 square kilometers, of which 1080 square kilometers are in China. The lake was formed by geological formations and the influence of climate change, and is a lake on the border between China and Russia.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Xingkai Lake is a freshwater lake with rich ecological resources and species diversity. The lake is surrounded by a large area of wetlands and forest areas, which is an important ecological protection area in Heilongjiang Province. The lake is home to a variety of freshwater fish and water birds.
Hydrogeology and hydrogeographical features: Xingkai Lake covers an area of 4380 square kilometers, belonging to Russia in the south and China in the north, the lake is a shallow lake, the maximum water depth is 10 meters, and the average water depth is shallow. The lake is mainly fed by nine rivers and eventually flows into the Ussuri River.
Lake use and management: The main uses of Xingkai Lake include fishing, tourism, etc. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Xingkai Lake, Heilongjiang Province and other relevant departments have implemented a number of protection measures, such as lake environmental protection, water resources management and governance, wetland protection and restoration, etc.
Cultural and historical value: Lake Xingkai is a lake on the border between China and Russia, so it has important geopolitical and strategic value. There are many historical and cultural relics and cultural landscapes around the lake, such as Sun Yat-sen's planning of the Xinhai Revolution here and the Xingkai Lake Ice and Snow Festival, so it also has important historical and cultural value.
09 Chao Lake:
Geographical location and formation history: Chaohu Lake is located in the central part of Anhui Province, surrounded by five cities and counties of Hefei, Chaohu, Feidong, Feixi and Lujiang, and is one of the lower lakes of the Yangtze River system. Formed by geological formations and the influence of climate change, the lake is one of the five largest freshwater lakes in China.
Ecological environment and biodiversity: Chao Lake is a freshwater lake with rich ecological resources and species diversity. The lake is surrounded by large areas of wetlands, forests and farmland, and is an important ecological protection area in Anhui Province. The lake is home to a variety of freshwater fish and water birds.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features: the maximum water area of Chaohu Lake is about 825 square kilometers, the maximum volume is 4.810 billion cubic meters, and the maximum depth is 0.98~7.98 meters. The lake is shallow with a shallow average water depth. The lake is mainly fed by rivers such as the Huai River and the Lu River, and eventually flows into the Yangtze River.
Lake utilization and management: The main uses of Chao Lake include fishery, tourism, water resources utilization, etc. In order to protect the ecological environment and water resources of Chaohu Lake, Anhui Province and other relevant departments have implemented a number of protection measures, such as lake environmental protection, water resources management and governance, wetland protection and restoration, etc.
Cultural and historical value: There are many historical and cultural relics and cultural landscapes around Chaohu Lake, such as Lushan Mountain, Jiuhua Mountain, Luzhou Ancient City, etc., so it also has important historical and cultural value. In addition, Chaohu Lake is also one of the important birthplaces of ancient Chinese culture, with rich cultural heritage and folk culture.