Poetry has appeared in China very early, by the time of the Tang Dynasty, poetry reached a peak, Tang poetry is the golden age of classical poetry, in the history of the Tang Dynasty in less than three hundred years, more than 50,000 poems have been handed down. So many poems, ordinary readers are difficult to read through, so as early as the Tang Dynasty, a variety of Tang poetry anthologies have begun to circulate, and in the later Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, anthologies about Tang poems have emerged in an endless stream.
Among the large number of Tang poems selected and compiled by literati in previous dynasties, the most influential, widely circulated, and recognized as the best is the "Three Hundred Tang Poems" selected by the retired soldiers of the Qianlong Dynasty in the Qing Dynasty, which selected 310 poems by a total of 77 Tang Dynasty poets, including two anonymous people.
"Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" was universally welcomed as soon as it came out, and after that it was even more well-known, "popular in the sea, almost to the home of a compilation", is a veritable bestseller, people often say that "familiar with the three hundred Tang poems, can not compose poems but also chant", referring to this Tang poetry selection.
Anyone who has read "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" knows that the opening work of this selected poem is not Li Bai, not Du Fu, nor Bai Juyi's poem, but Zhang Jiuling's "Feelings and Encounters I". Almost everyone in the Tang Empire could write poetry, and there were more than 2,000 people who left their names, and the names of some famous poets were spoken, such as Thunder.
Many people have a question, why Is it Zhang Jiuling? Although Zhang Jiuling's poems are well written, no matter from the time of writing the poems, or from the perspective of the poet's fame, or the style of poetry, in any case, it cannot be ranked first!
To say this matter, it is also the benevolent who sees the benevolent, and the wise see the wise.
(The author of this article collects and reads "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty")
Undoubtedly, due to the differences in the editor's own experience, knowledge, thought, cognition, etc., different anthologies will certainly have the editor's own likes and dislikes, and each anthology has the personality of the editor, and the "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" is certainly no exception.
Although many people have read "Three Hundred Poems of Tang", few people will pay attention to the compilers and ask the question "What is Zhang Jiuling's poem as the opening of the "Three Hundred Poems of Tang"? This question, first of all, should be understood by the compiler of this book, Su Tang Retired.
Who are the retirees of The Pond?
The original name of the retired soldier of Sutang was Sun Su, the character Linxi, the word Qianxi, the number of The Tang, the late retired soldier, the ancestral home of Xiuning, Anhui, the fifty years of the Qing Kangxi, that is, 1711, born in Wuxi, Jiangsu. Sun Su's family was poor when he was a child, but he was diligent and studious, it was cold in winter, the family had no money, he could not make a fire for warmth, in order to insist on reading in the cold weather, he often held a piece of wood in his hand, "wood can make a fire", gave himself psychological hints, and used spiritual strength to resist the cold.
Sun Su won xiucai at the age of fifteen, was promoted to a man at the age of thirty-three, and was a jinshi at the age of forty, and then entered the career and served in Many Prefectures. Although he was a seven-pin sesame official, Sun Su did not dare to slacken off, he was a clean and honest official, diligent and loving the people, in order to prevent disasters and protect agricultural production, he also donated private money to build water conservancy.
The Qing Dynasty scholar Dou Zhen's "Records of Famous Confucian Words and Deeds" has such a record: "When they go to the end, they must visit the people's sufferings, and usually talk to the people like a father and son of a family member, or those who have to be flogged in case of trouble, and they first weep and weep, so the people feel many regrets." "Sun Su loves the people like a son, and when he encounters people who have been punished for crimes, often before the board has been beaten, Sun Su himself will shed tears first, and the truly guilty people are often moved by it and take the initiative to admit their guilt.
Sun Su was upright, with a clean wind in his sleeves, for the sake of an official, for the benefit of one party, every time he left one place to serve in another place, the local people were reluctant to let him go, they would pull Sun Su's car and try their best to retain, which was a rare official-people relationship in that era.
Despite his busy schedule, Sun Soo was still studious and tireless in reading. At that time, the popular "Thousand Family Poems" was widely circulated and far-reaching, but Sun Su thought that there were many problems with this anthology, so he decided to compile a poetry anthology himself. As he said in the preface to the "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty": <b>Secular children go to school, that is, teach the "Thousand Family Poems", which is easy to recite, so it is not wasted. However, his poems are picked up at will, the work is clumsy, and the five or seven laws are absolutely two,000, and the Tang and Song people are mixed in the middle, and the system is particularly obedient. Because of his special work on the popular works in Tang poetry, he chose his most important people, and each of them obtained dozens of poems, a total of more than 300 poems, recorded into a compilation, and used them as family school textbooks. If you are a child and learn it</b><b>, the white head can not be abolished, and it is not farther than the "Thousand Family Poems"? Proverb:</b> <b>"</b><b>If you read three hundred Tang poems well, you will not be able to chant poems." </b><b>"</b><b>Please make it up. </b>
It's not easy to make up your mind, it's even harder to do. Fortunately, Sun Su not only has firm perseverance himself, but he also has a virtuous assistant. Sun Su's wife, Xu Lanying, who knows dali and can write poetry and painting, is a famous Jiangnan talented woman, and she is very supportive of her husband's ideas.
Sun Su went through the Quan Tang Poems, and with the assistance of his wife, selected 310 representative poems from more than 48,900 poems, according to different periods, different styles, and different poetic styles. Sun Su pays special attention to the artistry of his works, which include both the famous works of the famous great poets and the masterpieces of the less famous or even the unknown, because the compilation of selected poems is purely a personal act, so it reflects Sun Su's personal will to the greatest extent. In the twenty-ninth year of Qianlong, that is, in 1764, which lasted for one year, with the support and assistance of his wife, the "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" was finally compiled.
After its publication, for more than two hundred years, it has swept Shenzhou and endured for a long time, and almost none of the readers in our country have not read.
The "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty" with such a huge impact should not be casual with Zhang Jiuling's poems as the opening work, which reflects the value orientation and spiritual pursuit of the editor Sun Su.
First of all, let's enjoy Zhang Jiuling's "Feelings and Encounters One": <b>Lan Ye Chun Wei Rui, Gui Hua Qiu Jiaojie. I am glad that this business is a festival. Who knows the forest perch, smell the wind and sit together. Grass and trees have their own hearts, why ask for beauty to fold! </b>In the poem, the poet praises orchid and gui, two plants that symbolize purity, orchid and gui thrive and emit a refreshing fragrance, but their purity and beauty are not to please others and win the appreciation of others, because this is their nature, others like and dislike, appreciation or not appreciation, what it should be or what it should be.
When Zhang Jiuling wrote this poem, he had already been demoted by Tang Xuanzong to Jingzhou to do a long history, from being the prime minister of the dynasty to an ordinary magistrate, but also a deputy, and his heart must have been very depressed. In the tradition of poetry and literature, Zhang Jiuling wrote about orchid and gui, two plants that symbolize high purity, which are used to compare themselves to show their own hearts.
Zhang Jiuling, Zi Shou, No. Bowu, a native of Qujiang, Shaozhou, now Shaoguan City, Guangdong, was born in a family of officials and eunuchs, sensitive and studious, intelligent, able to write and poetry, he behaved elegantly, his temperament was extraordinary, and he was praised by the world as "Qujiang demeanor" and "the first person in Lingnan".
After entering the career path, Zhang Jiuling was upright and evil, just outspoken, was a famous advisor, was once appreciated by Tang Xuanzong, promoted to prime minister, made important contributions to the "rule of Kaiyuan", and was the last famous minister of Kaiyuan's prosperity. Even after Zhang Jiuling was deposed and died, Tang Xuanzong still regarded him as the criterion for selecting officials, and whenever someone recommended talents to him, he would ask, "Is his demeanor as good as Jiuling'?" Unfortunately, Dim Yun was fascinated by Xuanzong's eyes in his later years, and people like Zhang Jiuling never appeared again.
Zhang Jiuling has a far-sighted vision, has a clear understanding of people, and is good at distinguishing between loyalty and adultery. He once told Tang Xuanzong that An Lushan "had a reverse appearance, and if he did not kill, he would be a trouble", but it was not adopted by Tang Xuanzong, which eventually led to the "Anshi Rebellion", and the Tang Dynasty turned from prosperity to decline and eventually perished.
Zhang Jiuling was brash and magnanimous, and used it unfairly for private use and suppressed dissidents. It is said that Wang Wei, the great poet who wrote "Remembering the Shandong Brothers on the Ninth of September", because he climbed the high branch of Tang Xuanzong's sister Princess Yuzhen, robbed Zhang Jiuling's younger brother Zhang Jiugao of the title during the scientific expedition, and Wang Wei later wrote a letter to Zhang Jiuling, who was then the prime minister, for help, and Zhang Jiuling recommended him to be the right picker, which showed that he had a broad mind.
Zhang Jiuling was eventually deposed because of his opposition to the appointment of the traitorous villain Li Linfu and the cowardly Niu Xianke, so that he repeatedly rebelled against Tang Xuanzong's wishes, and was eventually deposed, and later implicated in the punishment of the emperor by the emperor for his recommendation of the inspector Yushi Zhouzi for his own criticism of Ji Ji, and demoted to the post of governor of Jingzhou. In Jingzhou, Zhang Jiuling wrote twelve poems of "Feelings".
Knowing this, perhaps we can understand Sun Su's intention of making "Feelings and Encounters I" the opening work of "Three Hundred Poems of Tang Dynasty".
As an upright literati with pursuits and feelings, Sun Su must have great admiration for Zhang Jiuling, he and Zhang Jiuling's heart are connected, after a thousand years, he is using this way to pay tribute to Zhang Jiuling, who has the world in his heart and is proud!
<b>Cultural essays</b>
<b>Picture | Chu Yanfeng</b>
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