The Warring States Seven Xiong Qin Wei Zhao Qi Yan Han Chu, Qin Wei Zhao Qi Yan State name often appeared in later generations. Some people say that the national names of Han and Chu have never been used, and the national names of Han have indeed not been used in later generations, but the national names of Chu have actually appeared in the past. Interestingly, there were two Chu states that were extremely short-lived and neither was recognized by the canonical history. One was the Chu emperor Zhang Bangchang, who was supported by the Jin people after the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the other was Huan Xuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Huan Wen, a famous courtier, celebrity, and minister of power in the middle of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, was an important figure who could not be bypassed in the study of the history of the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Huan Wen's life is quite legendary, and it was after Sima Shi's founding enemy and Cao Wei's grand master Huan Fan took the daughter of Emperor Ming of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, destroyed the Cheng Han who divided Sichuan, and released a generation of tyrants Wang Meng. Huan Wen had plans to claim the title of emperor, but few nobles in the dprk supported him, and Huan Wen's claim to the emperor was just thinking about it in his dreams.
Huan Wen was born in 312 AD, and 57 years later, in 369 AD, Huan Wen's youngest son Huan Xuan was born. A few years after Huan Xuan came into this world, in 373 AD, Huan Wen, who had been dashing all his life, died. Although Huan Xuan was young and ignorant, he inherited the title of Duke of Nan County from his father Huan Wen, which at least meant that Huan Xuan not only had no worries about food and clothing, but also could call the wind and rain in the wilderness when he grew up, after all, Huan's power was too powerful.
Map- Topography of Nanjing, the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in Jiankang (Nanjing)
Huan Wen's title was the Duke of Nan County, and in fact Huan Wen was able to stand firm in the jianghu, and the most important thing was to control the military power, especially the control of Yangzhou. At that time, Yangzhou did not refer to yangzhou city in Jiangsu Province, which is now on the north bank of the Yangtze River, but a provincial-level administrative region. The Yangzhou jurisdiction of other dynasties did not speak, only the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Yangzhou during the Eastern Jin Dynasty included south of the Huai River in Anhui Province, south of the Yangtze River in Jiangsu Province, Shanghai Municipality, and Zhejiang Province. The area is not particularly large, but Yangzhou is one of the most economically developed areas in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Wu County (Suzhou, Jiangsu), Huiji County (Shaoxing, Zhejiang) are all first-class and first-class counties, and the capital of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is in Yangzhou, which is now Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. When Huan Wen gained power, he was given the titles of Yangzhou Mu ("Governor of Yangzhou Province") and Lu Shang Shu Shi (Zai Chancellor), Huan Wen resigned from Lu Shang Shu Shi and was only accepted by Yangzhou Mu, which has a deep meaning that everyone knows.
When Huan Wen died, he asked his younger brother Huan Chong to take over as Yangzhou Pastor, in fact, to prepare for Huan Xuan's future ascension to the throne. However, after the terrifying moment when Huan Wen almost usurped the throne, the government and the public were extremely wary of Huan Xuan. Let Huan Xuan take over the Yangzhou Assassin History and then control the imperial court? People who have experienced one nightmare, are you willing to have another nightmare? Moreover, Huan Chong was bent on serving the country, and he took the initiative to cede control of Yangzhou to Xie An in spite of Huan's opposition.
Figure - The terrain of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty was very different from present-day Yangzhou, and was a provincial-level unit
After Huan Xuan grew up, the government and the public deliberately prevented Huan Xuan from becoming a high official, and at most he served as the Taishou of Yixing (Yixing, Jiangsu). Huan Xuan's ambition was very great, and when he saw that he was not ambitious, he sighed: His father is the uncle of Kyushu, and his son is the chief of the five lakes, and he is not ashamed! Huan Xuan abandoned the official and returned to Jingzhou, where Huan's roots were deep. Jingzhou is also provincial-level, with jurisdictions roughly including Hubei and Hunan provinces, the northern part of Guangdong and Guangxi, and the eastern part of Guizhou and Chongqing. Jingzhou is an important town in the upper reaches of Yangzhou (Yangtze River), and its strategic position is not below Yangzhou. Sima Daozi, the prince who presided over the imperial government, did not want Huan Xuan to remain in Jingzhou, so he made him the Assassin of Guangzhou according to Huan Xuan's own opinion. Huan Xuan was actually retreating to advance, he wanted to realize his father's ambition to become emperor that he had not realized, and it was impossible to stay in Guangzhou, and he had to return to Jingzhou chudi to develop.
Huan Xuan took advantage of the flooding in Jingzhou to attack and eventually pacify Jingzhou. The Eastern Jin Dynasty court had weak control over the region, and with Huan Xuan actually controlling Jingzhou, huan Xuan had to be appointed as the assassin of Jingzhou. Under Huan Xuan's struggle, he himself became the Assassin of Jiangzhou (Jiangxi and Fujian Provinces), becoming the most powerful warlord at that time.
When Huan Xuan thought, "I already have two of the three points in the world," the ambition to be called emperor that he had suppressed in his heart for a long time began to swell. Huan Xuan took advantage of Sun En's uprising under the banner of "King Qin" to prepare for the eastern capital Jiankang (Nanjing, Jiangsu), and when the ruling Sima Yuanxian rejected him, he finally had a chance to approach that dream.
In the first year of the reign of Emperor Yuanxing of Jin (402 AD), Huan Xuan raised an army to the east and soon attacked Jiankang. Sima Yuanxian, along with his six sons, and his father Sima Daozi, were killed. Huan Xuan's self-proclaimed titles of Xiang Xiang and Yangzhou Mu, adding fake Huang Yu, entering the dynasty without tendency, and praising the name of the song are all signals for the usurpation of the throne by the powerful ministers. Huan Xuan finally claimed the title of emperor after installing huan's relatives in important posts. In November 403, Sima Dezong, the Emperor of Jin'an, abdicated and Huan Xuan, who had already claimed the title of King of Chu, became Emperor of Great Chu.
Huan Xuan's claim to the throne was premature, because there were many people in the government and the public who opposed him, including a new upstart named Liu Yu. This Liu Yu is Liu Yu, the Emperor of song wu who will kill the four parties in the future and almost unify the world from the south to the north. There are two Song dynasties in history, but because the Song Dynasty established by Zhao Kuangyin is larger in society, it is generally called Zhao Song as Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty established by Liu Yu before it is called Liu Song or Southern Dynasty Song. But before the appearance of the Zhao Song, Liu Song had been called the Song Dynasty by historians. Huan Xuan was proclaimed emperor, and the foundation was not stable, and Liu Yu rebelled in the name of the rebel Huan Xuan. Huan Xuan was beaten to death by Liu Yu, and the false emperor himself, wrapped up in the foolish emperor Sima Dezong, fled west to Jiangling in Jingzhou in an attempt to resist. Liu Yu pressed forward step by step, and the Emperor of Dachu was eventually cornered and killed by the official army, at the age of 36.