01 Wudalian Pond
Geographical location and formation history:
Wudalian Pond is located in Heihe City, Heilongjiang Province, China, at the transition zone from the Xiaoxing'anling Mountains to the Songnen Plain. About 200,000 years ago, lava from a new volcanic eruption blocked the ancient river channel, forming a beaded volcanic dammed lake connected by five streams, hence the name Wudalian Pond.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Wudalian Pond is a global geopark and a national scenic spot, as well as a world biosphere. Volcanoes are numerous, lava is vast, lakes are beaded, mineral springs are scattered, and the ecological environment is protected. It is rich in biodiversity and has rare flora and fauna, such as the Northeast leopard, black deer, white crane, mandarin duck and so on.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Located on a lava terrace formed by volcanic eruptions, Wudalian Pond is a lake with clear water and water sources mainly from rainwater and groundwater. The lake covers an area of about 82.7 square kilometers and can reach a maximum depth of 58 meters. Surrounded by mountains and beautiful scenery, it is a tourist attraction.
Lake use and management:
As a national key scenic spot, Wudalian Pond has implemented a number of lake protection and management measures, including restrictions on tourism development, restrictions on aquaculture, prohibition of pollution, etc., to ensure the healthy development of the lake ecological environment. At the same time, the lake has also become an important pillar of the local tourism economy, attracting a large number of tourists to come for sightseeing.
Cultural and historical value:
Wudalian Pond has important cultural and historical value and is a site of great research significance in the history of volcanic geological evolution in China. At the same time, the lake is also surrounded by rich cultural heritage, such as the Wudalianchi Royal Garden and Manchu traditional architecture in the Qing Dynasty, which has important historical and cultural value.
02 Kanas Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Kanas Lake is located in Burjin County, Altay Prefecture, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and was formed about 200,000 years ago. The lake is shaped like a crescent moon, with an altitude of 1,374 meters, a length of about 24.5 kilometers, a width of 2.2 kilometers at its widest point, an average width of about 1.87 kilometers, an average water depth of 120 meters, a maximum depth of 197 meters, and an area of 45.78 square kilometers.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Kanas Lake is located in the core essence of Kanas National Nature Reserve, and the ecological environment has maintained its original state. Surrounded by mountains, peaks, forests, lush grasslands, blue water and blue sky, green mountains and white clouds, and snowy meadows, it is rich in biodiversity, and there are rare and endangered species such as snow leopards, money leopards, gray wolves, etc.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Kanas Lake is the deepest alpine freshwater lake in China, with a water storage capacity of 5.4 billion cubic meters. Surrounded by mountains, the lake is crystal clear and is fed mainly by mountain streams and groundwater, while water flows downstream into the Irtysh River.
Lake use and management:
Kanas Lake is a national geopark, which has implemented strict protection measures, restricted tourism development and human activities, and ensured the healthy development of the lake's ecological environment. At the same time, Kanas Lake has also become a local tourist hotspot, attracting a large number of tourists to come for sightseeing.
Cultural and historical value:
Kanas Lake is inhabited by local Kazakhs, Mongolians and other ethnic groups, and has rich cultural and historical value. There are also many ancient Kazakh villages and traditional buildings preserved around the lake, which have important cultural landscape value. In addition, Kanas Lake is also famous for its four wonders: "Lake Monster", "Cloud Sea Buddha Light", "Color Changing Lake" and "Dead Wood Causeway", and has become a unique natural wonder.
03 Changbai Mountain Tianchi
Geographical location and formation history:
Changbaishan Tianchi, also known as Baekdushan Tianchi, is located in Antu County, Yanbian Korean Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin Province, and is a border lake between China and North Korea. The lake was formed after the eruption of Changbai Mountain, the lake formed by the collapse of the crater, is the largest volcanic lake in China and one of the deepest alpine lakes in the world, with a length of about 4400 meters from north to south, a width of about 3370 meters from east to west, and an altitude of 2189.1 meters above sea level.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Surrounded by mountains, Changbai Mountain Tianchi is rich in vegetation and biodiversity, with many rare and endangered species, such as Siberian tigers, takins, and black deer.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Changbai Mountain Tianchi water is clear, and the lake water shows different colors and luster, so it is called "colorful Tianchi". The lake covers an area of about 9 square kilometers, reaches a depth of 373 meters at its deepest, and stores 2.01 billion cubic meters of water. The lake is fed mainly by rainfall and snowmelt, and the lake water flows downstream into the Tumen River.
Lake use and management:
Changbaishan Tianchi is a 5A-level scenic spot in China, and a number of lake protection and management measures have been implemented, including restrictions on tourism development, restrictions on aquaculture, and prohibition of pollution, to ensure the healthy development of the lake's ecological environment. At the same time, the lake has also become an important pillar of the local tourism economy, attracting a large number of tourists to come for sightseeing.
Cultural and historical value:
Changbai Mountain Tianchi is an important natural landscape and cultural heritage in China, and is known as the pearl of Changbai Mountain. The lake is surrounded by a rich cultural heritage, such as the imperial gardens of the Qing Dynasty and the traditional Manchu architecture, which has important historical and cultural value. At the same time, Changbai Mountain Tianchi is also inhabited by local ethnic minorities such as Hadawi and Koreans, with rich folk culture and ethnic characteristics
04 West Lake, Hangzhou
Geographical location and formation history:
Hangzhou West Lake, located in the center of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, is a famous tourist attraction in China, the height of the mountains in the scenic area does not exceed 400 meters, and it is surrounded by the south, west and north of the West Lake. The total area of the scenic area is 49 square kilometers, of which the lake surface is 6.5 square kilometers, with the lake as the main body, known as Wulin Water, Qiantang Lake, Xizi Lake in Japan, and West Lake in the Song Dynasty.
Ecology and biodiversity:
The West Lake has a beautiful ecological environment and rich biodiversity, with a variety of fish, shrimp and aquatic plants, and the surrounding mountains are rich in forests and wildlife.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
The hydrogeology and hydrogeographical characteristics of West Lake are unique, the lake is formed by glaciation and crustal movement, and the source of lake water is mainly tap water and rainwater. Lake use and management:
Hangzhou West Lake is a national scenic spot and world cultural heritage, and an important water source and tourist attraction in Hangzhou. In order to protect the ecological environment and cultural heritage of West Lake, the local government has implemented a series of lake management measures, such as limiting pollutant emissions, controlling the number of cruise ships, and strengthening the greening of the lakeshore.
Cultural and historical value:
Hangzhou West Lake has a long history and rich cultural connotations, and has been a scenic spot for literati and emperors and nobles since ancient times. There are many historical and cultural sites and ancient buildings on the shore of the lake, such as Leifeng Pagoda and Yuewang Temple. The beauty of West Lake has also been praised by various literary and artistic works, becoming an important symbol of Chinese culture.
05 Slender West Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Located in the center of Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, Slender West Lake is an important part of the World Cultural Heritage Grand Canal and the core and essence of the Shugang-Slender West Lake Scenic Area, a national scenic spot. The lake garden group formed during the Kangqian period of the Qing Dynasty integrates the beauty of the south and the majesty of the north.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Slender West Lake has a beautiful ecological environment, with a variety of fish, shrimp and aquatic plants, and the surrounding mountains are rich in forests and wildlife.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Slender West Lake is a lake with beautiful water, strung with Xu Garden, Xiaojin Shan, Wuting Bridge, White Pagoda, 24th Bridge, Ten Thousand Gardens, Shuangfeng Cloud Stack and other famous gardens, with unique charm and well-known at home and abroad. Lake use and management:
Slender West Lake is a national scenic spot and world cultural heritage, and an important tourist attraction in Yangzhou City. In order to protect the ecological environment and cultural heritage of Slender West Lake, the local government has implemented a series of lake management measures, such as limiting pollutant emissions, controlling the number of cruise ships, and strengthening the greening of the lakeshore.
Cultural and historical value:
Slender West Lake has a long history and rich cultural connotation, and there are many historical and cultural sites and ancient buildings on the lakeside, such as Slender West Lake Hotel, Yunjin Tower, etc. Slender West Lake is also a gathering place for Chinese cultural celebrities, such as literary artist Guo Moruo and dancer Li Shaochun.
06 Lugu Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Lugu Lake is located in Yongning Township, Ninglang Yi Autonomous County, Lijiang City, Yunnan Province, and is a national water conservancy scenic area and a famous tourist attraction in Yunnan Province. Lugu Lake was called Lugu Haizi in ancient times, also known as Zuosohai, commonly known as Lianghai. The lake is slightly north-west and southeast-trending, 9.5 kilometers long from north to south, 5.2 kilometers wide from east to west, about 44 kilometers long on the shoreline of the lake, 50.1 square kilometers in lake area, 247.6 square kilometers in catchment area, the maximum water depth is 105.3 meters, the average water depth is 40.3 meters, the lake reservoir capacity is 2.252 billion cubic meters, the maximum transparency of the lake is 12 meters, and the lake surface is 2685 meters above sea level.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Lugu Lake has a beautiful ecological environment, rich in fish and aquatic plants, and the surrounding mountains are rich in forests and wildlife. The Naxi Mosuo people around the lake protect the lake and the surrounding natural ecological environment, and their traditional culture and lifestyle are also a major feature of Lugu Lake.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Located on the Yunnan Plateau, Lugu Lake is a freshwater lake formed by tectonic activity and glaciation. The source of the lake water is mainly tap water and rainwater, and the lake water is clear and the water quality is excellent. There are many streams and waterfalls around Lugu Lake, such as Yingxiu Gorge and Qinglong Waterfall, and the scenery is beautiful.
Lake use and management:
Lugu Lake is a famous tourist destination, attracting many domestic and foreign tourists to come for sightseeing and tourism. The local government has taken a series of measures to strengthen the management and protection of Lugu Lake to prevent overexploitation and pollution.
Cultural and historical value:
Lugu Lake is the cultural and living center of the Naxi Mosuo people, and is regarded as the "mother lake" by the locals. The Mosuo people have a unique folk culture and social system, such as the "marriage" system, which has been protected and passed down in the area around Lugu Lake. Lugu Lake is also an important cultural and natural heritage in southwest China, known as "paradise", attracting many tourists to explore and experience.
07 Gyeongpo Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Jingpo Lake is located in Moyan Highway, Ning'an City, Mudanjiang City, Heilongjiang Province, China, where lava from the last volcanic eruption about 4,800 years ago blocked the Mudanjiang River channel and formed the world's largest volcanic lava dammed lake, Jingpo Lake.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Jingbo Lake is a global geopark and a national scenic spot, with geological wonders such as primeval forests and underground lava tunnels under the crater, as well as historical and cultural landscapes representing the ruins of the Bohai Kingdom in the Tang Dynasty. The lake and mountains are intertwined, the nature is beautiful, and it is a comprehensive scenic spot of ecological environment and biodiversity.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Gyeongpo Lake is a volcanic lava dammed lake with a surface area of 100 square kilometers and a maximum water depth of about 30 meters. The lake is a freshwater lake with a winding shoreline and several islets and peninsulas. The lake area has a complex geological structure and unique hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features such as rich volcanic geological remains and underground lava tunnels.
Lake use and management:
Jingpo Lake is a good leisure tourist destination in China, and it is also a comprehensive scenic spot for scientific research, summer escape, sightseeing, sightseeing, vacation and cultural exchange activities. For the conservation and sustainable use of the lake, local governments and management departments have taken a variety of measures, such as planning environmental protection areas, banning fishing and pollution, strengthening supervision and tourism management.
Cultural and historical value:
Gyeongpo Lake is rich in cultural and historical value. There are historical and cultural landscapes such as the ruins of the Bohai State in the Tang Dynasty in the lake area, reflecting the precipitation of ancient culture and history. At the same time, geological landscapes such as volcanic geological relics and underground lava tunnels also have important scientific research value. Jingpo Lake is rated as a Global Geopark and National Scenic Area and is a lake of great cultural and historical value.
08 Qiandao Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Qiandao Lake is located in Chun'an County, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, originally a reservoir of the Xin'an River, formed in the sixties of the last century. The lake is branch-shaped, with 1,078 large and small islands, and the lake was formed as a result of the construction of reservoirs.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Qiandao Lake is a scenic spot with beautiful natural environment and rich biodiversity, with a variety of natural landscapes such as lakes and mountains, forests, grasslands, lakes, etc., and is also a national AAAAA-level scenic spot. The lake area has clear water and is rich in minerals and trace elements, which is the habitat of a variety of freshwater fish such as carp, mandarin carp, silver carp, etc., and is also a place for the survival and breeding of a variety of birds, insects, plants, etc.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Qiandao Lake is an artificial lake with an area of 573 square kilometers and a maximum water depth of about 34 meters. The islands in the lake have different shapes, scattered and dense, and are listed, the terrain of the lake area is undulating, and the lake water is crystal clear, which is a typical mountain lake.
Lake use and management:
Qiandao Lake is a famous tourist attraction, which has been rated as a demonstration scenic spot for the protection of tourism consumer rights and interests in China and a demonstration scenic spot for Zhejiang Youth Civilization. At the same time, the lake is also used for irrigation of farmland and power generation. In order to protect the lake environment and ecosystem, the local government and management department have taken various measures, such as strengthening water quality monitoring, promoting ecotourism, limiting pollution and fishing, etc.
Cultural and historical value:
There are rich cultural and historical resources around Qiandao Lake, such as the ancient villages of Qiandao Lake and the thousand-year-old temples, reflecting the inheritance of ancient culture and history. At the same time, Qiandao Lake Scenic Area is also a comprehensive tourism area that integrates natural landscapes and cultural landscapes, attracting a large number of tourists to come for sightseeing and leisure.
09 Dongjiang Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Located in Zixing City, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, China, Dongjiang Lake is a lake jointly used by Nanling and the southern part of the Luoxiao Mountains, and is one of the sources of the water, 30 kilometers away from Chenzhou City. The lake area was formed in the geological ancient period, and has undergone long-term geological evolution and lake sedimentation, forming the current lake landform.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Dongjiang Lake is a scenic spot with beautiful natural environment and rich biodiversity, and is a national AAAAA-level tourism area and a national eco-tourism demonstration area. The water quality of the lake area is clear, the ecological environment is well maintained, and it is a habitat for a variety of plants and animals, such as golden monkeys, water birds, etc.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Dongjiang Lake is a mountainous lake with an area of 186 square kilometers and a maximum water depth of about 34 meters. The topography of the lake area is undulating, the lake water is crystal clear, and the geological structure of the lake area is complex, with a variety of geological relics and geomorphological landscapes.
Lake use and management:
Dongjiang Lake is a comprehensive tourism area, and tourism is the main economic source of the lake. At the same time, the lake is also used for water irrigation and power generation. In order to protect the lake environment and ecosystem, local governments and management departments have taken various measures, such as strengthening water quality monitoring, limiting pollution and fishing.
Cultural and historical value:
There are rich cultural and historical resources around Dongjiang Lake, such as the Dongjiang Grand Canyon and Dayao Mountain, reflecting the inheritance of ancient culture and history. The lake is also a traditional fishing and agricultural production area, with important folk cultural and historical value. Dongjiang Lake has been rated as a national scenic spot.
10 Qinghai Lake
Geographical location and formation history:
Located about 150 kilometers northwest of Xining City, Qinghai Province, China, Qinghai Lake is the largest inland saltwater lake in China and the third largest plateau lake in the world. Lake Qinghai was formed by a variety of factors, including tectonics, glaciers and weathering erosion.
Ecology and biodiversity:
Qinghai Lake is a scenic spot with beautiful ecological environment and rich biodiversity, and is a national AAAAA-level tourism area and national eco-tourism demonstration area. The water quality of the lake area is clear, the ecological environment is well maintained, and it is a habitat for a variety of plants and animals, such as Qinghai tang fish, black-necked crane, Tibetan wild ass, etc.
Hydrogeological and hydrogeographical features:
Qinghai Lake is a plateau lake with an area of 4,400 square kilometers, making it the largest inland saltwater lake in China, with an average altitude of 3,196 meters and a maximum depth of more than 30 meters. The lake area has a undulating terrain, crystal clear water, and the famous Chaka Salt Lake and Thar Temple are surrounded by attractions such as the lake, forming a unique lake and mountains.
Lake use and management:
Qinghai Lake is a famous tourist attraction and the main source of livelihood and economy for local residents. In order to protect the lake environment and ecosystem, local governments and management departments have taken various measures, such as strengthening water quality monitoring, limiting pollution and fishing.
Cultural and historical value:
The surrounding area of Qinghai Lake is rich in cultural and historical resources, such as Chaka Salt Lake and Thar Temple, reflecting the inheritance of ancient culture and history. The lake is also a Tibetan settlement and has important ethnic cultural and historical value. Qinghai Lake is also one of China's important water resources and energy bases, which is of great strategic significance.