Stuart Redden: A former U.S. ambassador to China who can't leave China (7)
Xu Zhongyou
Supported patriotic student movements such as student resistance against Japan and was imprisoned
As an American born in Hangzhou, Stuart Laiden has supported the patriotic actions of Chinese students, especially the anti-Japanese resistance, for more than 20 years at Yenching University. In April 1920, the China Federation of Students announced a strike in protest because of the concessions of the Nationalist government and Japan on the Shandong issue. Teachers, students and employees of Yenching University responded to the resolution of the Student Federation and suspended classes for 6 weeks, and the delayed studies were made up for in the summer vacation. In 1925, as soon as the "May Thirtieth Massacre" occurred, Yenching University issued a declaration, and the faculty of Yenching University, representing Chinese, American, British and other nationalities, drafted the declaration and questioned the British authorities with a British professor. Behind this is the strong support of The Principal Stuart Layden. In 1931 "Nine. After the "18th" incident, Stuart Leiden personally led hundreds of Yenching University teachers and students to march in the streets, and he walked at the front of the line and shouted: "Down with Japanese imperialism!"
In 1934, Situ Leiden went to the United States, and suddenly received an urgent telegram from Yenching University asking him to return to school, and it turned out that Peking students organized a petition group to go to Nanjing to oppose the government's policy of non-resistance to Japan, and Yenching University students announced a strike. Immediately after he returned from the United States, he held a school-wide assembly. Some people thought that he would not support the strike of teachers and students, but he said at the meeting: "When I disembarked in Shanghai, I first asked the people who came to pick me up whether the students of Yanda University had also gone to Nanjing to petition. I was relieved when I heard the reply 'yes'. If Yan University students did not participate in the petition this time, it means that my education has completely failed over the years. In 1933, he was summoned by then-US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to listen to his views on the current situation in China.
In 1935 "A. In the student movement, in protest against Japan's secretly planned conspiracy to self-government in North China, Yenching University students marched on foot to Xizhimen, and the leader of the male classmates was Huang Hua, who was later China's foreign minister.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Japanese occupied Peiping. The Japanese side often finds excuses to provoke and arrest teachers and students at Yenching University. Stuart Layden intervened in time to mediate between the U.S. Consulate and the Japanese Garrison Command, and he once said: "During the fall of Peiping, my students would always excitedly tell me when they returned to school after participating in patriotic activities to tell me how they used practical actions to repay the motherland and the people. This is very gratifying to me. What is particularly touching is that they have been practicing the motto of Yanda University, "By truth, be free, to serve". ”
A year before the fall of Peiping, when Stuart Leiden returned to the United States, he obtained the consent of the American Trust Department to continue running the school even if Peiping fell. Many young Chinese school-age students are unable to go to the rear for a while, and they are unwilling to study in schools under the control of the enemy and puppet regimes, and Yenching University has become their ideal choice. From "seven. Seven Incidents"For four and a half years until the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Yenching University maintained its normal state of operation. Stuart Redden returned to the presidency, strategically emphasizing that Yenchingda was an American school, hoisting the American flag to prevent Japanese bombing, and hiring a Japanese-speaking Yenching university alumnus as the president's secretary to negotiate with the Japanese side, including bail out of the arrested Yenching University students.
In 1939, Stuart Layden said in a speech to all the teachers and students of the university: "Yenching University is not a 'paradise,' you can't 'turn your ears away from things outside the window,' but you must be concerned about major state affairs. The Japanese had proposed a request for Japanese students to enter Yanda University, and Stuart Leiden superficially agreed, but insisted that they should pass the examination like Chinese students before they could be admitted.
When the Pacific War broke out in December 1941, the Japanese government no longer cared about the reaction of the United States. On the morning of the outbreak of the war, the Japanese gendarmerie, who had long been dissatisfied with Stuart Layden and Yenching University, broke into the Yan garden, surrounded and blockaded the school, and arrested 18 Yan masters and students.
Stuart Was in Tianjin at the time to collect donations for the school and live in the British businessman Tangsheng Company. The Japanese gendarmerie arrested him and took him to Beijing, where he was later imprisoned by the Japanese army along with British and Americans in northern China in the Weixian (Fang) concentration camp (Presbyterian Ledaoyuan) in Shandong. The Weixian concentration camp has detained 2,008 foreign expatriates, including many well-known figures at home and abroad. Here is the second U.S. ambassador to China Heng Anshi, the Paris Olympic 400m champion Eric. Li Dier, Chiang Kai-shek advisor Lei Zhenyuan, one of the founders of Shandong University Dr. Helian, provost of Qilu University Deweisi. In addition, Ruth, the founder of time and life magazine in the United States, and Pearl Buck, winner of the Nobel Prize in Literature, also spent their childhood in Weixian concentration camps.
After Stuart Was Arrested, he was interrogated, but the Japanese found nothing. Later, the U.S. State Department repeatedly and strongly demanded that the Japanese army release Stuart Layden, which made the Japanese think that Stuart Layden was a pivotal figure and decided to release him again on the day when he was needed to play a role. Therefore, after the other Yan masters and students were rescued, he spent four more years alone in the Japanese concentration camp until the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan in 1945.
During his days in prison, Stuart was allowed to read two newspapers, one in English from Beijing and one in the Osaka Mainichi Shimbun, and wrote most of his autobiography. Later, based on his autobiography written in prison, he completed the book "Fifty Years in China". The day after his release from prison, he returned to Yanda University and began to rebuild the campus. From 1942 to 1945, Yenching University, which was closed by the Japanese invasion of China, moved inland to Chengdu to run its school, and returned to Beiping after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. On October 10, 1945, Yanda reopened.
After the founding of the People's Republic of China, in 1952, in the reorganization of the faculties and departments of Chinese colleges and universities, Yenching University was abolished, its assets were taken over by the Chinese government and then merged, most of the liberal arts and sciences were merged into Peking University, and the campus was taken over by Peking University; the engineering department was merged into Tsinghua University, and the law school and sociology department were merged into Beijing University of Political Science and Law (now China University of Political Science and Law).
According to statistics from relevant quarters, due to the efforts of Stuart Leiden and others and the strong support of all sectors of society, Yenching University has no more than 10,000 registered students in the 33 years of running the school, but it has cultivated a large number of high-level talents for China, many of whom are leading figures in various fields: there are 42 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11 academicians of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, plus other outstanding achievements, more than 100 people, accounting for more than 1% of the registered students, it can be said that Yenching University was the cradle of scientists at that time. Among them, at the time of World War II, 90% of China's press commissioners in major cities around the world were graduates of the Journalism Department of Yenching University. All this undoubtedly made Yenching University at that time rank among the world's top universities at that time.
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Introduction of Historical and Cultural Scholar Xu Zhongyou:
Xu Zhongyou, male, born in April 1957 in Jiangshan City, Zhejiang Province, is self-taught. He once served as the director of the editorial office of Zhejiang Youth Daily, the director of the Office of the President of China Business Magazine, the head of the editor-in-chief office of China News Daily of the China Journalist Association, the vice president of Huaxia Style Magazine, the deputy editor-in-chief of Chinese Talents, the deputy editor-in-chief of the Voice of Chinese Language and the editor-in-chief of the Geographical Names Culture Channel, and the executive editor of Zhejiang Civil Affairs. He is now the deputy editor-in-chief of Hangzhou Daily Newspaper Group to see Zhejiang Media Company. He is a member of the China Reportage Literature Society, a member of the China Documentary Literature Research Association, a special researcher of the Chinese Academy of Management Sciences, an advisor to the editorial department of the Zhejiang Rishi of the People's Republic of China, the president and editor-in-chief of the Qiantangjiang Literary Society, the chief literary adviser of the Hangzhou Headquarters of the Utopia Literary Society, the literary adviser of the Editorial Committee of the Utopia Literary Society, the member of the Zhejiang Writers Association, the expert of the Humanities Think Tank of Quzhou Daily Media Group, the consultant of the Jiangshan Writers Association, a senior journalist, a famous writer, a poet, a historical and cultural scholar, and a well-known bibliophile in China.
Over the past half century, Xu Zhongyou has worked in people's dailys, guangming daily, workers' daily, China youth daily, people's political consultative conference newspaper, unity newspaper, Hong Kong business daily, Wen Wei po, reportage literature, biographical literature, documentary literature, people's literature publishing house "Galaxy" poetry journal, Chinese talents, Chinese sons and daughters, Chinese political consultative conference, Zongheng, Chinese youth, Chinese writers network, "Zhejiang writers" and "cultural exchanges", as well as more than 100 domestic and foreign newspapers and periodicals such as the American Overseas Chinese Daily, the European Times, the Spanish Overseas Chinese Voice Newspaper, the Australian Overseas Chinese Daily, and the Singapore Lianhe Zaobao. He has published more than 8 million words of reportage and news interviews with famous people from the political, business, literary and artistic circles, sports circles and other circles. He has published monographs such as "Dream of the Five Rings", "Jiangshan Duojiao", "Chasing Dreams with One Heart", "Brilliant Stars" and co-authored more than 10 books, especially participating in the collection and editing of the first World Zhejiang Entrepreneurs Conference series "Zhejiang Merchants under the Heavens" and the gift book "We Are Zhejiang People" given to domestic and foreign VIPs at the G20 Summit in Hangzhou. His works have won the first, second, and third prizes of national and local newspapers and periodicals more than 30 times, among which the reportage "Quiet Midnight" has been highly praised by Mr. Chen Huangmei, vice chairman of the China Writers Association. Zhonghua Yingcai, Chinese Yingcai, Chinese Cai, China Labor Daily, Zhejiang Daily, Qianjiang Evening News, Economic Life Daily, Lianyi Bao, Quzhou Daily, Phoenix Satellite TV, Zhejiang Satellite TV, Zhejiang Economic Television, Qianjiang City Channel, etc. have reported on his deeds in many aspects. He has also held large-scale "Xu Zhongyou News, Literary Works and Book Collection Exhibition" and high-standard works seminars in Zhejiang Library, Hangzhou Library and Zhejiang Media College, which have been well received by many parties.
President-in-Chief Xu Zhongyou
Deputy Editor-in-Chief Xu Shan
Responsible editor Xu Pengfei