When it comes to Hekan, we generally think of the following tags:
Qianlong favored courtier
Big corrupt officials
and Princess Xiao's father-in-law
The Jiaqing Emperor eliminated the enemy quickly
skyrocket
He was the most favored minister of the late Qianlong Dynasty. From a small bodyguard to the position of a heavy minister of the imperial court in only one year, the speed of his promotion is unique in the entire Qing Dynasty.
In the forty-first year of Qianlong, Helong joined the Military Aircraft Department and served as the Minister of Military Aircraft;
In the forty-fifth year of Qianlong, Qianlong decreed that Princess Hexiao be married to Feng Shen Yinde, son of Helong, and was appointed as the minister of internal affairs and the president of the Siku Quanshu Library;
In the forty-ninth year of Qianlong, he served as a shangshu of the Ministry of Officials and co-founded a university scholar;
Qianlong 51st year, Fellow of Mandarin Temple;
In the fifty-third year of Qianlong, he was made a loyal uncle;
In the sixty years of Qianlong, he was made a duke.
In all the major political affairs of the DPRK and China, there is no one who does not participate in Hejun, and it can be said that it is a veritable power tilt between the government and the opposition.
Some people are very puzzled: the Qing Dynasty, unlike other dynasties, did not implement the prime minister system, or the one-phase system, why was Hejun able to monopolize power in the DPRK for more than 20 years?
Aren't there other ministers who can check and balance Kazuki?
The answer, naturally, is: yes.
We see a lot of film and television dramas, such as "Iron Teeth Copper Teeth Ji Xiaolan" and "Prime Minister Liu Luoguo", in which Hejun is stunned by Ji Xiaolan or Liu Yongding, so we take it for granted that Hejun's fierce rival is Ji Xiaolan or Liu Yong. But in reality?
In real history, Ji Xiaolan did not have much real power in his hands at all, and he was not at the same level as Hejun; Although Liu Yong can play some role to a certain extent, it is actually minimal.
In this article, let's take a look: Why was Hejun able to dictate for more than 20 years?
Can't other bachelors be able to check and balance Hejun?
We all know that the dictatorship of the minister of the DPRK needs a prerequisite: that is, the emperor's trust in the minister. And Hejun really has this precondition.
In addition, the conditions of office of Hejun, in the Qing Dynasty,
The most prestigious person in the DPRK is the cabinet academician,
The most powerful is the Military Aircraft Department,
The closest to the king of a country are the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the Minister of the Imperial Palace.
And these four key positions, Hejun all held, and concurrently served as the official Shangshu, Hubu Shangshu, etc. It can be said that Helong has both the power to appoint talents and the financial power.
And all this is because Qianlong trusts and favors him, and is willing to put him in so many important positions. Of course, Helong was not the only university scholar in the late Qianlong Dynasty, from the beginning of Helong's favor to Qianlong's death, in 22 years, there were a total of four relatively stable (longer-reigning) bachelors, in addition to Helong, there were A Gui, Ji Huang and Wang Jie.
Agui Zhangjia:
From the forty-second year of Qianlong's appointment as a scholar of Wuyingdian University, until Jiaqing's death in the second year, he remained in the position of a scholar for twenty-one years. Of course, Ah Gui's ability to stay in the position of university scholar for so long depends on his true ability.
A Gui was an excellent general who was worth mentioning after Fucha Fuheng's death, not only suppressing the Xiaojinchuan Rebellion twice, but also going to quell the Daxiao and Zhuo Rebellion twice, and also accompanied Fucha Fuheng on his expedition to Burma. In Qianlong's "Ten Complete Martial Arts", Agui participated in most of the battle, and the battle merits were great.
With a real knife and a real gun, Ah Gui was made a first-class heroic duke and served as a scholar of the assistant university and a secretary of the Ministry of Officials. After the death of Yu Min, the foreman military aircraft minister, A Gui took over as the leading military aircraft minister and became the first minister of the imperial court.
Agui's path to promotion is completely different from that of Hokan:
He Juan relied on Qianlong's trust
And Agui relies on his true ability
Ah Gui did have a feud with Kazuki, and there were many festivals between the two. However, because Ah Gui did not often stay in the capital, most of the time he was ordered by Qianlong to do errands abroad, either to go on expeditions, or to control rivers, or to provide disaster relief, or to handle cases.
Although Agui is indeed unaccustomed to Hejun's behavior, with Qianlong's favor, Agui is helpless. Just stick to their bottom line, do not join forces with Hekan, and treat Hejun in a very general manner.
If you do not go to the same value, you will enter the straight day and night, and you will leave dozens of weapons. Hejun will follow the words, and he will not move a step in the end."
Ji Huang:
Ji Huang entered the junior high school entrance examination in the eighth year of Yongzheng and began his career as a scholar. Like his father Ji Zengjun, Ji Huang is very concerned about the flooding of the Yellow River and the Huai River, and it can be said that Ji Huang can achieve the position of a university scholar by relying on his ability to manage the river.
In September of the 45th year of Qianlong, Ji Huang was awarded the position of a scholar of Wenyuange University by Qianlong, and concurrently served as the president of the State Official Hall and the Three Links Hall.
Until Qianlong's death in July 59, Ji Huang stayed as a university scholar for 14 years.
Ji Huang is a doer, and he does have a set of ways for managing rivers, but he is not good at the way of officials, and to put it bluntly, he is not good at stammering and Juan; In addition, Ji Huang is only a scholar of Wenyuange University, and has not joined the Military Aircraft Department, in fact, he does not have much real power in his hands, and Ji Huang is very honest.
Personality determines the way of doing things, although Ji Huang does not want to stammer, but is afraid of power, Ji Huang has to wronged himself, not to be an enemy of Hejun, and to live peacefully with Hejun.
It can be said that although Ji Huang is a university scholar, in fact, the threat to Hejun is minimal.
Wang Jie:
Wang Jie was the only one of the three university scholars to watch Helong die by the Jiaqing Emperor, from the fifty-second year of Qianlong to the cabinet and was appointed as a scholar of the East Pavilion, until his death in July of the seventh year of Jiaqing, Wang Jie served in the position of university scholar for 16 years.
Wang Jiao was poor and achieved third place in the palace examination; However, Qianlong took a fancy to Wang Jie's calligraphy and named Wang Jie as the champion. In the fifty-first year of Qianlong, Wang Jie was appointed Minister of Military Aircraft, and entered the upper study to become the master of the princes. Because Wang Jie's background was different from that of other important court officials, it was decided that he hated corrupt officials.
In addition, Wang Jie himself is a just and upright person, and he is destined to be at odds with Hejun. The service experience of the two people is very interesting: Helong has become Qianlong's favorite minister from an ordinary courtier, in fact, this whole process is also the process of Hejun becoming a huge greed.
In the process of Hejun's huge corruption, Wang Jie has been serving in the Inspectorate, which is specifically responsible for investigating corruption, and the nature of the work determines that Wang Jie will definitely be at odds with Hejun, so the two have not gone head-to-head.
But the Manchu emperors had a common disease: that is, the Manchu suppressed the Han. In particular, Qianlong was even more serious, and he was very conniving and protective of the banner people. Although Sister Wang is the prime minister, after all, she is a Han, even if she has real power in her hands, she can't take Hejun, after all, Helong is protected by the Qianlong Emperor.
What Wang Jie can do is to scare Helong on weekdays and take a breath of evil.
Wang Jie, as the master of the princes, also taught the Jiaqing Emperor, and Wang Jie had a great influence on the Jiaqing Emperor.
The Jiaqing Emperor himself did not like Helong and regarded it as a thorn in his side; And Wang Jie is the same, the two monarchs can be said to be "like-minded" and will naturally become an alliance.
The Qianlong Emperor died of illness in the fourth year of Jiaqing, and before Qianlong's bones were cold, Wang Jie and others began to impeach Helong, listing many incriminating evidence of Helong, and the Jiaqing Emperor not only confiscated Helong's mansion, but also let Helong commit suicide in prison.
Although Wang Jie eventually saw that Helong was executed by the Jiaqing Emperor, in fact, before the Jiaqing Emperor became pro-government, Wang Jie was still relatively shallow in seniority compared to Helong, plus Wang Jie was Han, so whether in the military aircraft department or in the cabinet, Wang Jie was suppressed everywhere by Helong; Even if Wang Jie wants to fight, its effect is small.
Three Scholars:
Ah Gui does have the strength to fight against Hekan, but because he does not stay in the capital all year round, his influence on Hejun is limited;
Although Ji Huang is a university scholar, he is very honest, plus he does not have much real power, and his influence on Hejun is almost negligible;
And Wang Jie, indeed in a state of hostility with Helong, also has real power, but after all, Wang Jie is a Han, and the Qianlong Emperor's attitude of suppressing Han determines that as long as the Qianlong Emperor is still there, Wang Jie cannot take Helong.
Is Qianlong really confused? Of course not
Helong acted so arbitrarily in the dynasty, could it be that Qianlong really knew nothing?
Of course not!
The Secret Fold Concert is not a decoration, and Qianlong is not a comatose monarch, how can he not know anything about what Hejun has done?
In fact, in the matter of Hejun, if Qianlong is confused, there is indeed some confusion; After all, until Qianlong's death, Helong was in charge of the imperial government and was good at it, and Qianlong knew about it but did not stop it. Moreover, Qianlong also let Helong know the candidate for the emperor in advance, if Qianlong was not confused, it seemed that he could not do such a thing.
But Qianlong didn't seem to be confused, in other words: Qianlong was very clear about who he was and what he did.
Therefore, for Qianlong, the minister of the stock is not Hejun, but Agui, Hailancha and other people who do practical things; If there was something important to deal with (something that would have an impact on the Great Qing), Qianlong would not choose to let Helong go.
Qianlong regarded Helong more as a "Rigoletto".
Moreover, although Qianlong spoiled Hejun, he actually reprimanded Hejun not less, and his attitude was quite harsh. Like what:
The Gansu Hui uprising that broke out in Qianlong's forty-sixth year, Qianlong asked Hailancha to go to the conquest; At the same time, he was appointed as the minister of Chincha. He did not know how to fight, and if Hailancha made a move, he would definitely win, but he always cowered, and even dared to hide such a major event as the death of the commander-in-chief Tuqin Bao.
After all, "if you want people to know unless you don't know what you do", this matter was quickly learned by Qianlong, and he immediately ordered to reprimand Hejun.
After the victory of Hailancha and others, the evil people of Hekan sued first, framing Hailancha and others for "not investigating the terrain in advance, and it was purely a fluke to be able to win." Although Qianlong favored Helong, it did not mean that everything would be directed towards Helong, so he ordered Helong to return to Beijing and not participate in the war again.
Unexpectedly, after Helong returned to the capital, he took some trivial things to frame Hailancha, and Qianlong was unceremoniously to Helong: "Hailancha can go into battle to kill the enemy, and the skin is accepted to protect from the cold, so why bother?" You can't go into battle to kill the enemy, so naturally you need to refuse favors. ”
It can be seen that when encountering matters related to the government of the dynasty, Qianlong will not protect Helong, but will not save face for him.
For example, in the second year of Jiaqing, after Agui's death, Hejun took over as Agui as the foreman of military aircraft. However, Qianlong directly embarrassed Helong when summoning the minister, and then only wrote the minister of military aircraft, not Hejun's name.
"Ah Gui Xuanli is old and meritorious, and Ru is listed with the rank, and things are still feasible. Now that Agui is dead, he is only attached to the title of Ru, and the provinces are ignorant, and he must suspect that everything is caused by Ru, and even called Ru Shixiang, and Ru thinks about himself?"
It can be seen that Hejun's status in Qianlong's mind is not high.
Then, since Qianlong knew very well that Helong had no merit and no virtue, and insulted the title of "teacher", why did he allow his dictatorship for more than 20 years? It can even be said that it is a multiplication of favors.
The mystery of Qianlong's pet letter and Kan
Many great wild histories mention that the reason why Helong was able to get Qianlong's favor was only because one of Hejun's concubines looked very similar: Yongzheng had a concubine who was very beautiful, and Qianlong entered the palace to ask Yongzheng for peace, and when he saw this beautiful concubine combing her hair in front of the mirror, he covered the concubine's eyes with his hand and joked with her.
This concubine did not know that the other party was the prince, so she smashed it with the comb in her hand.
When Qianlong's biological mother Concubine Xi learned about it, she thought that this concubine was deliberately seducing Qianlong, so she directly killed this concubine. When Qianlong learned the news of his concubine's death, he cried bitterly: I hurt you!
The concubine told Qianlong: "You and I will meet in twenty years. ”
In the middle of the Qianlong Dynasty, Helong served Qianlong as Luan's ceremonial guard, and by chance, Helong was appreciated by Qianlong. Qianlong felt that Hejun was very similar to the concubine, so he pampered him.
Of course, such a statement is full of loopholes and can only be seen in wild history.
If this is not the reason, then why is Qianlong so favored and trusted?
We need to look for answers from reality:
First, the courtiers who have won the trust of the emperor in all dynasties have a common characteristic, that is, they are very good at congratulating and greeting.
Qianlong is a person who has made great achievements, which can be seen from the title of "Ten Perfect Old People". And when Helong appeared in front of Qianlong, Qianlong was already an old man who was over the age of Huajia, and when he was old, some of the bad habits before would inevitably become worse, hoping that the people around him could put him first, take their own preferences as preferences, and abhorrent their hatred.
According to historical records, as Qianlong grew older, his phlegm cough became more and more serious. Every time Qianlong needed to cough up phlegm, Helong would personally serve him, even after Helong became a high-ranking minister of the imperial court.
And Hejun's welcome to Qianlong is far more than that, he has worked very Qianlong's hobbies:
Qianlong likes to write poetry, and can be called the person who wrote the largest number of poems in the entire Great Qing Dynasty. He Juan devoted himself to the study of the poems written by Qianlong, familiarized himself with the language and rhetorical methods of Qianlong's poetry, and specially showed in front of Qianlong that he liked to compose poetry as much as Qianlong.
When Qianlong gave poems, Helong could always be with a few.
Because Helong deliberately imitated Qianlong's style of poetry, Qianlong liked it.
After a long time, Qianlong simply asked Helong to help him give himself poetry, in addition, Helong also deliberately imitated Qianlong's font in calligraphy; The Qing Dynasty royal family has always had a deep relationship with Tibetan Buddhism, and Helong believes in Tibetan Buddhism, and naturally has more common topics with Qianlong.
Helong worked so hard to curry favor with Qianlong, Qianlong naturally felt that he was in love with Helong.
Second, Qianlong and Helong are in-laws
Princess Hexiao was the daughter of Qianlong's elderly, so she was very fond of her, and although she was born to a concubine, Qianlong still named her Princess Gulun. Because although Princess Hexiao is a girl, her temperament is most similar to Qianlong, Qianlong once said: "If you are a prince, I will definitely make you the crown prince." ”
When Princess Hexiao was only five years old, Qianlong gave her to Hejun's son Feng Shen Yinde.
As Qianlong's favorite princess and Princess Xiao's father-in-law, even if he committed any mistakes, Qianlong turned a blind eye as much as possible.
Third, Hejun is indeed a master of financial management
Those who know Qianlong should know that Qianlong is an emperor who has great achievements and knows how to enjoy it very well:
Ten complete martial arts
He has made six southern tours
Four eastern tours
Five Western Tours
Magnolia Autumn Fox
Expand the scale of the summer resort
Two banquets of the Thousand Priests
......
Either item cost a lot of silver taels, and although the treasury was abundant at first, it was often scarce in the late Qianlong period. And Hejun has a specialty: he is especially good at financial management, and is a master of financial management:
In the forty-first year of Qianlong, Helong served as the minister of the internal affairs government, not only making up for the deficit before the previous internal affairs government, but also having a surplus;
In the forty-third year of Qianlong, Helong concurrently served as the tax supervisor of Chongwenmen, which caused Chongwenmen's income to soar and become the best among more than 30 tax customs in the country.
Later, Qianlong put Helong in charge of the household department, the silver treasury of the Guangchu Department of the Internal Affairs Office, and the silver treasury of the Forbidden City, and Helong did not live up to Qianlong's trust in him and provided very favorable economic support for Qianlong's martial arts.
It can be said that Qianlong not only needs people like Agui, Hailancha, Ji Huang, Wang Jie, etc., but also "Rigoletto" like Hejun who "help himself solve practical difficulties".
epilogue
We all know the saying "existence is reasonable", and indeed we all grit our teeth when it comes to Hejun, after all, he is too greedy. No matter which emperor of the previous dynasties exists, he will not have a good impression of a corrupt official like Hejun. But for Qianlong, the existence of Helong is "reasonable", because Helong can help Qianlong, who has made great achievements, solve many practical problems, which is the actual meaning of his existence.
But after all, the existence of Helong was a great hidden danger for the Qing Dynasty and the Jiaqing Emperor, so as soon as the Qianlong Emperor died, the Jiaqing Emperor began to take action against Helong and give him death in prison.
Just as the so-called son of heaven and courtier, Helong can get Qianlong's favor because Qianlong really needs him; But the Jiaqing Emperor is different, and the existence of Helong seriously threatens the imperial power, so why doesn't Jiaqing get rid of it quickly?
Hejun's experience tells us that a corrupt official like him who is good at making a good deal with his feelings may be favored by those in power for a period of time; But the result must be bad, because he has no virtue, no bottom line, and naturally there will be no good ending.
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