Source: Northern Network
He was a naval officer
But he turned halfway to education
He is not an athlete
But he is known as "The First Man of the Chinese Olympic Games"
He was born in a troubled world
Devoted his life to education to save the country
he
It is "the creator of modern education in China"
"Founder of Nankai" Zhang Boling
Zhang Boling (April 5, 1876 – February 23, 1951)
Photographed when he received his honorary doctorate from Columbia University in 1946
Today
It is the 70th anniversary of the death of Mr. Zhang Boling
Let's look back at zhang Boling's past when he founded Nankai
Revisit Mr. Thoughts
Tribute to Mr. Zhang Boling
Zhang Boling (1876-1951), formerly known as Shouchun, Zi Boling, later known as Shouchun, later known as Zi Xingshi, a native of Tianjin, was a modern Chinese professional educator and the founder of the private Nankai series of schools. The earliest advocate of Western drama and the Olympic Games, he is known as "China's first Olympic person". Zhang Boling graduated from Tianjin Beiyang Marine Teachers School in her early years, and later received honorary doctorates from St. John's University in Shanghai and Columbia University in the United States, and was taught by American educators and philosophers Dewey and Thorndike. In June of the 38th year of the Republic of China (1948), he served as the president of the Examination Institute of the National Government of the Republic of China in Nanjing, and at the end of November 1949, on the eve of the liberation of Chongqing, Zhang Boling refused Chiang Kai-shek's request to go to Taiwan and stayed on the mainland.
Zhang Boling's life went through the late Qing Dynasty, the Beiyang government, the Nationalist government and New China. He took education to save the country as his lifelong belief, and successively founded Nankai Middle School, Nankai University, Nankai Girls' Middle School, Nankai Primary School and Chongqing Nankai Middle School, and took over the Sichuan Zigong Shuguang Middle School, forming the famous Nankai education system, cultivating a large number of talents for the country, including Zhou Enlai, and being respected as "a creator of modern education in China."
On the afternoon of February 23, 1951, Zhang Boling died in Tianjin. He left a will saying that New China has a bright vision. His relics were found to be seven yuan and four dimes and two tickets, but the legacy left to China cannot be calculated.
On the 24th, Premier Zhou Enlai happened to come to Tianjin to attend the meeting, and as soon as he arrived in Tianjin, he came to Zhang Boling's home in his personal name to offer condolences and sent a wreath, and the wreath ribbon read: "Bo Lingshi has been ancient!" Student Zhou Enlai respectfully. ”
Studying at the Beiyang Marine Teachers' Academy abandoned wu congwen and devoted himself to education
Zhang Boling was born in a private school family, and when he was a child, Zhang Boling's family was poor, and his father could only send him to a free local volunteer school. But Little Zhang Boling is intelligent and studious, and works hard. With excellent results, he was admitted to the Beiyang Water Teacher's School, and his formal school education also began with the Tianjin Beiyang Water Teacher's School established in the Western Affairs Movement. Yan Fu, a modern Enlightenment thinker, was his teacher.
The year Zhang Boling graduated from the Beiyang Naval Academy, the Chinese navy was defeated and destroyed in the First Sino-Japanese War. After the fiasco of the First Sino-Japanese War, the great powers began to set off a frenzy to divide China, and when serving in Weihaiwei, Zhang Boling witnessed the three flags of Weihaiwei in just two days, and deeply felt the humiliation of the country due to poverty and weakness. He thought bitterly that the navy had no way to serve the country, and that to change China's humiliation, it was necessary to change China's next generation in order to educate and save the country. So he resolutely abandoned Wu Congwen and returned to Tianjin.
Mr. Yan Xiu and Mr. Zhang Boling are like-minded and have opened a new page in the history of modern education in China
Zhang Boling's original intention in founding new education began with Yanxiu's home in Tianjin. Yan Xiu is a typical figure who keeps the right and opens up the new and has the courage to seek self-change in the great social changes in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and has just retired from Guizhou to his hometown of Tianjin. He was going to open a new educational test site in his homeland, and Yan Xiu, who had a very forward-looking vision, first discovered Zhang Boling. He hired Zhang Boling to teach his son and nephew English, arithmetic, physics and chemistry and other courses. Since then, Yan's Family Hall has become the foundation ceremony for Zhang Boling to open a new education. Zhang Boling began to be active on the stage of modern Chinese education as a pioneer of emerging bourgeois educational concepts, becoming the first principal of Nankai School.
In 1903, Yan Xiu and Zhang Boling went to Japan to investigate education, and after returning to China, they decided to change the family hall into a formal middle school.
In 1904, the "First Private Secondary School" opened with a total of 73 students and 4 teachers. The monthly expenditure is 200 taels of silver, which is shared by the two families of King Yan. In 1906, someone donated land and donations, so the school building was built. In 1907, it was renamed "Nankai Middle School". In the thirty years after the establishment of Nankai Middle School, it received donations from all sides, and used the donations to buy more than 100 acres of land near the school for future expansion.
In 1919, Nankai University was founded, with three colleges of arts, science and commerce. In 1920, the College of Mines was established. In 1931, the Institute of Economic Research was established. In 1932, the Institute of Chemical Engineering was established.
In 1923, Nankai Girls' High School was established.
In 1928, Nankai Primary School was established. In 1932, Nankai School had five parts: Nankai Middle School, Nankai Girls' High School, Nankai Primary School, Nankai University and Nankai Economic Research Institute. The total number of students is 3,000.
Zhang Boling (front row, first from right) and Li Zushen, founder of the Mining Department of Nankai University
The original campus of Nankai University
At the beginning of 1936, Zhang Boling foresaw that Nankai, which had always adhered to patriotic education, had already aroused the hatred of the Japanese and Kosovo, so he thought that there should be room for maneuver in the rear area and decided to establish the Chongqing Nankai Branch. He built a school building on the outskirts of Chongqing and opened Nankai Middle School in Chongqing in September of the same year. It took only 9 months from the time the plan was drawn up to the completion of the course.
It has both Eastern and Western educational awareness
Zhang Boling is an educator with both Eastern and Western educational awareness, and the formation of his educational ideas is closely related to his absorption of diverse cultural resources. Soon after the establishment of Nankai Middle School, he successively invited American teachers to teach at the school. Secondary school students have foreign teachers from the second grade onwards. Except for Chinese language and Chinese history, the textbooks are all original English textbooks of American middle schools. Most of these courses are taught in English. Evans Bookstore in the United States also once set up a branch store in Nankai to sell American books.
In the first half of the 20th century, Zhang Boling constructed a mirror image of Western education in the hearts of many Chinese people. He insisted firmly that "we need to change the outdated and sleepy rules as soon as possible" and that "China must be connected to the whole world." We must catch up with the modern country, otherwise we will be trampled under the feet of others and let others slaughter." Until his later years, he still hoped that Nankai University would "be able to stand shoulder to shoulder with Oxford and Cambridge in the United Kingdom, Harvard and Yale (Yale) in the United States, and prosper in the East and West."
In 1918, Yan Xiu (front row middle) and Zhang Boling (front row, first from right) visited the United States for education
In 1917, Zhang Boling, who was already a confused year, went to Columbia University in the United States to study and investigate, and converted from a famous middle school principal to an international student, and began an intense study life.
In December 1918, Zhang Boling returned to Tianjin to give a speech saying that this tour to the United States was very profitable. After more than a year of examining their national conditions and the spirit of the people, they knew that education is the foundation of a country, and that all the talents of a country come from universities, so they must immediately establish universities. He also stressed that we should let the world know that relying on the people's private strength can contribute to education, and Nankai University is "to become a school established by the people." Nankai University, founded in October 1919, is a convergence of Eastern and Western cultures in education, marking a stage of exploration of Zhang Boling's education to the world.
To cultivate human resources who have both "the public morality of loving the country and the masses" and "the ability to serve the society"
In 1934, when promulgating the motto of Nankai School, Zhang Boling stressed that Nankai is committed to cultivating talents who have both "patriotic morality and public morality" and "ability to serve society". In July 1937, Nankai University was bombed by the Japanese army for the patriotic words and deeds of teachers and students, becoming the first institution of higher learning in China to die after the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
At that time, Zhang Boling was in Nanjing, and he was sad after learning the news that the school had been destroyed. Zhang Boling said: Nankai was burned by the Japanese army! My decades of hard work are over! But as long as the country has a way to fight, I am the first to raise my hand in favor. As long as the state has a way, what is Nankai? Do another Nankai!
The Muzhai Library of Nankai University, which was destroyed by the Japanese army
Just over a month after Nankai was bombed, Zhang Boling's most beloved fourth son, Zhang Xihu, was ordered to fly to the front line to fight, and was killed and martyred in the middle of the way. When Zhang Boling heard the bad news, he was silent for a long time, and said slowly: "I have long been xu guo with this son, today's affairs, I am in my own mind, I ask for benevolence and benevolence, and I will mourn it!" With his own practical actions, He practiced the patriotic spirit he advocated.
Zhang Boling took a group photo with teachers and students of Southwest United University Normal College
Later, Nankai, which was forced to move south, formed southwest united universities with Peking University and Tsinghua University, opening a new chapter in the history of China's higher education.
Advocate a strong sports country and a strong species
Zhang Boling participated in the opening ceremony of the school sports meeting and walked in front of the team
For the physical exercise of students, Zhang Boling has devoted great efforts. That night, when the Qing intellectuals were still wearing robes and horse coats and shaking three times in one step, Zhang Boling asked the students of Yanguan to carry out various physical exercises such as high jump, long jump, kicking, and running. At that time, there were no sports facilities, so he put two wooden chairs in the yard, on which a long bamboo pole with a feather duster was set up as a high jump crossbar, so that students could put long braids on their heads, lift the placket of their robes, and learn to jump high. This was a refreshing and rare move at the time.
After the establishment of Nankai School, he stressed even more: "The physique of Nankai students must not be as weak as ordinary people now, but must be strong." As a result, physical education was carried out in Nankai, and all grades had more than two hours of physical education classes per week. Zhang Boling also teaches by example, often playing football with students, and personally leading students to participate in competitions from time to time.
Zhang Boling kicked off for student football matches
It can be said that Nankai School was an important testing ground for Zhang Boling to strengthen the breeding of a sports power, and his great ambition was reflected in every corner of Nankai at that time. Under the vigorous advocacy of Zhang Boling, the sports wind blew all over Nankai Park, and excellent athletes and strong sports teams also continued to emerge. From Dong Shouyi to Guo Yubin, from the North China Football Team to the Nankai Five Tigers, they are all once mighty warriors in Tianjin, North China, all over the country and even in the Far East.
"The sand becomes a tower, and the feathers sink the boat." Zhang Boling's efforts had a wide impact throughout the country at the time, and he was also pushed as a leading figure in China's sports industry. As Hao Gengsheng, a well-known sports expert who once worked in Nankai, pointed out: "China's sports history in the past fifty years has an inseparable relationship with Mr. Zhang... For decades, Mr. Li advocated the enthusiasm of sports, always unremitting, its spiritual inspiration and leadership, has an indelible impact on china's sports, our country's sports can have today's foundation, Mr. Has made great contributions. ”
In his later years, he lived in a burrow and lived a simple life
Chongqing was liberated on November 30, 1949. Zhang Boling resolutely donated Chongqing Nankai Middle School and Nankai Primary School to the state. In 1950, Zhang Boling and his wife returned to Tianjin. After returning to Tianjin, Zhang Boling had no income and was completely supported by her three sons. After the fall of 1950, he was hidden at home.
Zhang Boling's life, like his life, has always been simple and unpretentious, Lao She and Cao Yu praised him for "not smoking, not drinking, never touching mahjong and pai nine all his life", and always living a life of cloth and vegetables. He knew that frugality could be maintained, and after marriage, he once said to his wife: "There is not much in the cause of education and hardship, and the equivalent is enough to get out, and the family affairs are tired." "Therefore all household chores were taken care of by the lady herself, and there were never servants. Zhang Boling went to Beijing to run errands, always took the third-class carriage, and lived in a small shop with one yuan a day at a time, managing food and living.
Zhang Boling liked to be quiet, but did not deliberately pursue the comfort and ease of living, at that time his fame was already great, but he still lived in a simple house in the civilian area of the southwest corner. Once, General Zhang Xueliang came to visit, and the car ran several times on the dirt road and did not find the "principal's apartment". Afterwards, Zhang Xueliang exclaimed: "The president of the great university is living in this dark room, which is not the first thing to expect, it is admirable! However, Zhang Boling pays great attention to personal appearance, neatly dressed, simple and generous, and he often hangs a joke-style "famous saying" on the side of his mouth, called: "Comb your hair frequently, wash your face frequently, even if you are unlucky, you will not show it." ”
In his later years, Mr. and Mrs. Zhang Boling
Behind him are not just four Nankai schools...
After dinner on February 14, 1951, Zhang Boling's good friend and Nankai alumnus Lu Kaiyi came to visit, and the two talked with great excitement. The guest bid farewell, and he insisted on sending him downstairs, all the way to the main door, and then returning to the second-floor bedroom, still immersed in excitement. At this time, the daughter-in-law brought him a cup of hot tea, only to see that his mouth was crooked and he could no longer speak. Doctors diagnosed a cerebral hemorrhage and died suddenly on February 23.
The morning after Zhang Boling's death, Premier Zhou came from Beijing to offer condolences. Then he told the Nankai alumni present: "President Zhang just returned from Chongqing, and he wanted him to rest first and then invite him to come out to work. Some alumni proposed how to evaluate President Zhang, and Premier Zhou said: "A person should evaluate people in the past according to his historical background and conditions, and must not use the current standards to evaluate people in the past." President Zhang's life was progressive and patriotic. He has made outstanding achievements in running education and has made contributions to the people. The people's government is very concerned about President Zhang and places its hopes on him. It is a pity that he died suddenly. ”
When relatives collected Zhang Boling's belongings, they found that his wallet contained only seven yuan and four corners and two drama tickets. Zhang Boling only had a few dollars behind him. He had no room and no acre of land, but left behind four schools: Nankai University, Nankai Middle School, Nankai Girls' High School and Chongqing Nankai Middle School.
On February 23, 1951, Zhang Boling died of illness in Tianjin, which was the scene of the mass funeral when Zhang Boling died
However, Zhang Boling has left us with more than four "Nankai Schools". Zhang Boling has been dead for 70 years, looking back at his life trajectory, what makes Zhang Boling's life immortal is his educational ideology and spiritual quality. Behind Zhang Boling's dedication to education is a strong ideological driving force, that is, the vision of a strong country and a strong people. The dream of a strong country has stimulated his sense of responsibility and mission of education to save the country and educate a strong country, and has rejuvenated Zhang Boling's unswerving and selfless dedication, and the spirit of establishing education as a lifelong cause. Zhang Boling left a rich ideological legacy. His educational path provides multi-angle experience and enlightenment for Chinese education in the new era, and still has great practical significance. First of all, Zhang Boling put forward the concept of "private non-private" school running, so that private education stimulated endogenous power and development vitality. Secondly, Zhang Boling closely integrates Western education with China's national conditions, providing an example for China's education modernization. Third, he always put moral education in the first place in the work of the school, Lide tree people, especially he regards patriotism as the first meaning of cultivating students to be human beings, he often stands on the podium of the auditorium, expressing to teachers and students the feelings of experiencing the "three easy national flags" and the pride and ambition of "patriotic three questions". Fourth, he clearly put forward that "the most important person in the university is a good teacher", respecting teachers, relying on teachers, Nankai teachers can achieve the love of the pulpit, love to sprinkle students, which is a vivid embodiment of Zhang Boling's emphasis on the construction of the teaching team.
Over the past hundred years, Nankai School has cultivated generations of talents for the country. Opening the list of nankai teachers and students, a large number of outstanding talents radiated a shining light: there were state leaders, winners of the national high-tech award, two bombs and one star meritorious service, academicians of the two academies, and famous personalities in the humanities, among which we are familiar with such as Zhou Enlai, Wen Jiabao, Zou Jiahua, Qian Qichen, Mei Yiqi, Zhang Pengchun, Tao Menghe, Chen Shengsheng, Wu Dayu, Wu Jieping, Wu Guozhen, Ye Duzheng, Liu Dongsheng, Zhou Guangzhao, Zhu Guangya, Guo Yonghuai, Yang Shixian, Zhang Cunhao, Zou Chenglu, Liang Sili, Chen Xujing, Yan Renying, Ye Gongshao, Zha Liangzhao, Wu Jinglian, Cao Yu, Lao She, Jin Yan, Huang Zongjiang, Mu Dan (Zha Liangzheng), He Shandi, Tang Yijie, Wei Junyi, Yan Mingfu, Zhang Zhaoruo, as well as Qi Bangyuan, who wrote a 330,000-word documentary literature "Juliuhe" at the age of 85, and Zhang Zhongmou, who is revered by Taiwan as the "godfather of semiconductors". It is worth mentioning in particular that not a single Nankai student surrendered to Japan as a traitor in the eight years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression.
The Slovaks have gone, and today, the temperature transmitted to us by Mr. Zhang Boling's fiery heart is still scorching.