What are Minke's views on perpetual motion machines?
Folk science refers to people who have no formal scientific education in the field of science or have deviated from scientific methodology. A perpetual motion machine is a machine that can run forever without consuming energy. According to scientific principles and the law of conservation of energy, perpetual motion machines are considered impossible to exist. However, some people in the civil science or non-scientific field may hold different views, and the following are some possible civil science views:
Wrong laws of conservation of energy: They may think that existing laws of physics, especially the law of conservation of energy, are wrong. They may argue for the existence of an unknown source of energy that would allow the perpetual motion machine to operate continuously.
Unknown scientific principle: They may believe that there is an unknown scientific principle or physical phenomenon that can make perpetual motion machines work. They may have come up with some theories of their own, but these theories are often not scientifically validated and confirmed.
High-efficiency energy installations: Some Minke may claim that they have a high-efficiency energy device capable of extracting unlimited energy from the environment and can be used for perpetual motion machines. However, these claims often lack reliable experimental evidence and go against known energy conversion efficiencies.
Conspiracy theory view: Some civil science may believe that perpetual motion machines exist, but they are deliberately hidden or suppressed to protect the interests of the traditional energy industry. They may think that the scientific community and the government are deliberately covering up the truth.
It should be emphasized that none of the above points are consistent with the basic principles of the scientific method and the known laws of physics. The concept of perpetual motion machines violates the law of conservation of energy, a fundamental principle widely accepted in the scientific community. The scientific method requires that theories be validated and validated through experimental evidence and reproducibility, rather than relying on conjecture or untested ideas. Therefore, these folk science ideas are considered invalid and untrustworthy in the scientific community.
How to refute these views in full?
To fully refute these views, the following methods can be taken:
Emphasize the basic principles of the law of conservation of energy: The law of conservation of energy is one of the foundations of physics, which shows that energy is conserved in a closed system, cannot be created out of nothing and cannot disappear. This law has been confirmed by many experiments and has been widely accepted and applied in various fields. Therefore, any device that claims to be able to violate the law of conservation of energy, such as perpetual motion machines, is contrary to the known laws of science.
Emphasize the importance of the scientific method: The scientific method is a rigorous approach to obtaining authentic knowledge through observation, experimentation, and verification. Any scientific theory needs to be supported by experimental evidence and verified by repeated repeats. Folk science views are usually based on hypotheses, speculations and subjective conjectures rather than experimental evidence. Therefore, they lack scientific credibility and reliability.
Detailed explanation of known physical laws and principles: For those who claim the existence of unknown physical principles, known physical laws and principles, such as Newtonian mechanics, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics, can be explained in detail. These laws and principles have been verified experimentally and successfully explained various phenomena. Hypotheses that are not supported by sufficient experimental evidence and theoretical basis are unreliable.
Emphasize the importance of experimental evidence: Require civil science to provide reliable experimental evidence to support their views. If they claim to have a perpetual motion machine or other similar device, they should be able to provide reproducible experimental evidence, peer-reviewed and widely accepted by the scientific community. To date, no one has been able to provide such experimental evidence to prove the existence of perpetual motion machines.
Explain the irrationality of conspiracy theories: For conspiracy theories that claim the existence of perpetual motion machines, it can be pointed out that this view is not supported by scientific evidence and goes against a large amount of experimental evidence. Research in the scientific community is conducted through collaboration and information sharing, not cover-ups. Scientists are committed to discovering and explaining the truths of nature, not hiding them.
Through the above methods, the civil science view can be comprehensively refuted, and the reliability of the scientific method and known physical laws can be emphasized. It is important to discuss in an objective, rational and scientific manner, citing sound scientific knowledge and experimental evidence to support one's own views.