Lepidoptera insects are of great economic importance. Among them, the beautiful creature of the butterfly is the most effective pollen propagator besides moths and bees, and it is also an important biological indicator of the environment. They can help with the production of food crops, the growth of seeds and the growth of fruits. Therefore, it is essential for the survival of humans and other animals. The mouth of the butterfly is very suitable for sucking, the beak is usually long and curly, the compound eye is particularly large, and it is multi-faceted.
Butterflies have excellent, different forms of imitation, are an insect that flies mainly during the day, and are one of the richest groups on Earth. In the public and scientific understanding, butterflies have amazing colors and elegant flight postures. In addition to the Antarctic, the Arctic and the perennial snow and mountains and glaciers, wherever there are flowers in the world, you can see their beautiful figures.
Scholars such as Farzana Perveen of Shahid BenaZilbut University in Pakistan published an article on butterflies in the Open Journal of Animal Sciences ( click on the link to the original article for the specific distribution area ) , whose purpose in the study was to determine the biological characteristics and regional distribution of butterfly species in the garden campus of Hazara University in Pakistan.
Studies have shown that butterflies are often used as biometric indicators of ecosystem health to refer to biodiversity. Because some of the characteristics of butterflies, such as their wide distribution, easy to sample and identify, whether individual or grouped, are considerable in different ecosystems, it is a good indication of species.
In addition to being attractive insects that attract public attention, butterflies are also strongly influenced by local weather and are highly sensitive to environmental changes. They are sensitive to changes in vegetation composition and structure, and different vegetation types can be seen with different butterfly species.
Hazara University is located in the northeast region of Pakistan. Historically, this region was a melting pot of civilizations, and Buddhist, Indian, Chinese, and Islamic civilizations all took root here. There are tall trees, plains, mountains, valleys and lakes in the region that are highly inclusive of animal species. The researchers collected 92 butterfly specimens from Hazara University's residential area, 20 specimens from the management area and 58 specimens from the main campus. These butterfly specimens come from 10 species, 8 genera, and 3 families. Figure 2 shows the butterfly taxonomy collected by Hazara University from March to June 2012.
According to Linnaeus (Carolus) biological nomenclature (double nomenclature), the 10 species found at Hazara University in Pakistan are as follows:
Cynthia cardui: Less common in Sindh province. It has been found in the northern mountains, such as Balochistan and the Himalayas. In the northern region, it can be seen from April to November.
Junoniaorithya: Prevalent in the Plains of India and Lower Balochistan. Sindh can be seen all year round.
Danauschrysippus: A common species that can be seen from Africa to southern Europe, east through India, Sri Lanka and Myanmar, to China and Sulawesi.
Papiliodemoleus: This butterfly is commonly found in the low valleys of Swat and Gidal, from August to October.
Papiliopolytes: After and during the monsoon season, it is common in all provinces except Balochistan. It can be found in almost all the plains up to Islamabad.
Coliascroceus: In Asia, its range extends northward to central Siberia and south to India, and it cannot be found in Central Asia.
Euremahecabe: It prefers the more humid areas of Punjab and Sindh and can also be found in Balochistan.
Pierisajaka: It can be found in the northern valleys of Kashmir, and it can also be found in Mount Muri.
Pierisnapi: It can be seen everywhere in the lower parts of the Swat and Khan Valleys, and is common in Mount Muri. It prefers wet areas.
Pontiadaplidice: In South Asia, its range ranges from Balochistan, Gidal, Peshawar, Kashmir, along the central Himalayas to Darjeeling. The butterfly also seems to extend its range to the western Part of the Himalayas.
Original link: http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=33481
Note: This article is compiled by Liu Jingzhu, the copyright of this article belongs to the Scientific Research Publishing House, please indicate the source when reprinting.